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Biomedical subjects

M A Parsons

Publications and source records attributed to M A Parsons.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The impact of nursing education on ethical/moral decision making.

A study of 227 baccalaureate and 111 master's nursing students was conducted to determine the influence of the level of formal education on three selected factors: ethical/moral reasoning, attribution of responsibility, and ethical/moral dilemma resolution. Moral development theory and Heider's attribution of responsibility construct provided the theoretical framework. A comparison of the overall index of ethical/moral reasoning showed that graduate students reasoned at a higher level than undergraduate students. The amount of attribution of responsibility assigned and the dilemma resolution score did not differ for the two groups. The results of this study suggest that undergraduate and graduate nursing programs must place more emphasis on identifying dilemmas, increasing ethical/moral reasoning levels and attributing responsibility in a justifiable manner. Nurse researchers must continue to study how nurses respond in dilemma situations and how personal characteristics, factors in the environment, education, and the assignment of responsibility affect nurses' ability to resolve ethical/moral dilemmas.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Fistula and sinus formation in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. A clinicopathological review and report of four cases.

Fistula or deep sinus formation as a complication of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) has not been described previously in the British literature. We present the clinicopathological features of one case of a nephrodiaphragmatic sinus complicating XPN, and three cases of nephrocolic fistula, including the first recorded case of fistula in childhood XPN. The detailed clinical, radiological and pathological features of XPN and its complications are reviewed. Total nephrectomy, together with primary excision of sinuses or fistulae, is the treatment of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Serodiagnosis of La Crosse virus infections in humans by detection of immunoglobulin M class antibodies.

Sera from 92 humans with illnesses clinically compatible with those caused by California serogroup virus infections were tested for antibody to La Crosse (LAC) virus by using the immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC ELISA), the IgG ELISA, and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI), complement fixation and serum dilution-plaque reduction neutralization tests. On the reported day of onset of illness in 18 individuals, 94% had IgM antibody, 50% had neutralization antibody, 33% had HI antibody, and 11% had IgG antibody. Neutralization, HI, and IgG antibody prevalence rates increased thereafter, whereas IgM antibody prevalence remained high (92% 2 or more weeks after the onset of illness). It was concluded that the MAC ELISA is a sensitive test for the presence of antibody to LAC virus. The sensitivity of the MAC ELISA and the rapidity with which it can be performed appear to provide a powerful tool for the clinically relevant serodiagnosis of LAC virus infections in humans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Cryostat section assay of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in meningiomas: a clinicopathological study.

Oestrogen receptors and progesterone receptors were measured in the cytosols from cryostat sections of 45 meningiomas from 40 patients (12 men, 28 women) using an isoelectric focusing technique. Near fascimile adjacent sections from the same tissue blocks were stained and examined to determine the histological subtype of the neoplasms. Appreciable levels of progesterone receptor (greater than 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein) were present in 24 (53.3%) of of the neoplasms, but no clinically important oestrogen receptor was detected in any of the tumours. Competitive binding studies on control tissue confirmed the specificity of the assay procedures. No correlation was found between progesterone receptor state and the age, sex, or menopausal state of the patients, or the histological subtype and site of the neoplasms. Four of the patients studied had multiple intracranial neoplasms, which in two were of differing progesterone receptor state. The presence of specific progesterone receptor in meningioma cytosols raises the possibility of hormonal manipulation in the treatment of this group of neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Aedes canadensis, a vector of La Crosse virus (California serogroup) in Ohio.

Aedes canadensis was shown to be a vector of La Crosse (LAC) virus in Ohio through isolation of LAC virus from field-collected specimens, infection of 54 of 72 (75%) individuals when fed on viremic suckling mice and transmission of LAC virus by 29 (54%) of infected individuals. Frequent identification of Ae. canadensis as a human biting species implicates it as an auxiliary vector of LAC virus to man. A possible regional association in Ohio of Ae. canadensis and Type C LAC virus is discussed.

Aedes↗
PubMed1985

Malignant inflammatory fibrous histiocytoma of bone and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

A patient is described who developed a malignant inflammatory fibrous histiocytoma of vertebral bone (MFH) 4 months after the onset of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. This is the first report of the simultaneous occurrence of these two conditions. Similarities to the more frequent occurrence of another histiocytic malignancy, histiocytic medullary reticulosis, following acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, are noted. The usefulness of gallium scanning to monitor the response of this tumour to treatment is demonstrated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

An "unavoidable" death in a people's marathon.

With the increase in jogging and distance running as a means of attaining and maintaining fitness, and in the light of the difficulty in advising certain groups of patients about their capacity for such exercise, we report on several potentially avoidable factors in the death of a 45 year old Sheffield Marathon runner in June 1983.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗
PubMed1984

Splenic siderosis and parenteral iron dextran in maintenance haemodialysis patients.

The histological features of 40 spleens surgically removed from maintenance haemodialysis patients are reported. Twenty-four of the 40 (60%) showed massive iron loading and a significant direct correlation was found between iron loading and the amount of intravenous iron dextran administered. Since parenteral iron dextran appears to be a major factor in causing iron overload in haemodialysis patients its use as a method of iron replacement in these patients would appear inappropriate.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1983

The needle necropsy.

The technique of limited necropsy by histological examination of needle tissue cores obtained percutaneously is indicated when a full necropsy is not justified owing to the risk of infection or when tissue for special investigations is needed soon after death without recourse to full necropsy facilities. The method is ideal for detecting conditions producing diffuse changes in an organ. Because the cadaver is preserved essentially intact relatives who refuse permission for a standard necropsy might consent to a needle necropsy if this option is offered to them.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Enolase isoenzymes in uveal melanomas--a possible parameter of malignancy.

Seven uveal melanomas were stained for gamma enolase by an immunoperoxidase PAP (peroxidase-antiperoxidase) technique, and biochemical assays were carried out on tissue homogenates. A correlation between the biochemical assay and the immunoperoxidase staining was demonstrated. Two tumours with the highest biochemical assays showed positive staining for the enzyme, and 2 tumours with the lowest levels showed no appreciable staining. The highest level of enolase was present in a tumour which both clinically and histologically appeared to be benign, and the lowest level occurred in a mixed cell tumour which was large in size; the low level presumably related to its relatively fast rate of growth. Estimation of gamma enolase activity in ocular melanomas may provide an accurate quantitative method for assessing the malignant potential of these tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Oestrogen receptor assay of cryostat sections of human breast carcinomas with simultaneous quantitative histology.

Cryostat sections of unfixed human breast carcinomas were assayed for oestrogen receptor (ER) content using an isoelectric focusing method to separate the receptor-bound oestradiol. Adjacent sections from the same tissue block were stained so that the tumour content could be estimated by point counting and the ER concentration adjusted to compensate for variations in cellularity. Elastosis was also assessed. The results confirm a positive correlation between ER values and both cellularity and elastosis. The measurement of ER in cryostat sections is relatively simple and rapid, is applicable to small tissue samples, and permits histological identification of the nature and composition of the assayed sample. The method is directly applicable to oestrogen receptor analyses of breast carcinomas in clinical laboratories with facilities for cryostat microtomy.

Animals↗