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Biomedical subjects

M Albin

Publications and source records attributed to M Albin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Choline and halogen derivatives of CMA (9-oxo-10-acridine acetic acids) as tools for monitoring the interaction of the interferon inducers via a specific receptor.

New choline and halogen derivatives of CMA (9-oxo-10-acridine acetic acid) were investigated as interferon (IFN) inducers in mice and in the mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage cultures. Two of the choline derivatives, DMCMA and CSCMA, were active IFN inducers presumably because they were hydrolyzed so as to release CMA. The halogen analogues of CMA were inactive or weak IFN inducers in vivo and in vitro. On the contrary, the Br and I derivatives of CMA were potent inhibitors of IFN induction by CMA in vitro. The behavior of the agonists and antagonists of CMA suggests that the induction of interferon may occur indirectly via a specific CMA-receptor complex.

Acridines↗
PubMed1987

Relation between lung function, exercise capacity, and exposure to asbestos cement.

A group of 137 male workers with known exposure (mean 20 fibre years per millilitre) to asbestos cement who had symptoms or signs of pulmonary disease was studied together with a reference group of 49 healthy industrial workers with no exposure to asbestos. Lung function measurements were made at rest and during exercise. Evidence of lung fibrosis was found as well as of obstructive airways disease in the exposed group compared with the reference group. Asbestos cement exposure was related to variables reflecting lung fibrosis but not to variables reflecting airflow obstruction. Smoking was related to variables reflecting obstructive lung disease. Exercise capacity was reduced in the exposed workers and was related to smoking and to lung function variables, reflecting obstructive airways disease. There was no significant correlation between exercise capacity and exposure to asbestos cement.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1987

Measurement of lung density by x-ray computed tomography. Relation to lung mechanics in workers exposed to asbestos cement.

We measured lung density by means of x-ray computed tomography and lung mechanics in 33 workers exposed to asbestos cement and in 39 normal subjects. The exposed group showed evidence of lung fibrosis with reduced static lung volumes and lung compliance, although only three subjects had signs of interstitial fibrosis at standard chest radiography. Lung density was significantly increased in the exposed workers compared to control subjects, with greater differences between nonsmokers than between smokers. Lung density correlated inversely with static lung volumes. There was no appreciable difference in the regional distribution of lung density between exposed workers and control subjects. We conclude that lung density is often increased in workers with mild asbestosis, even in the presence of a normal chest radiograph. Measurement of lung density may be of value in the evaluation of asbestos-exposed workers for assessment of the extent of parenchymal disease.

Asbestosis↗
PubMed1987

Pre-operative medication reviewed: oral temazepam compared with papaveretum and hyoscine.

Oral temazepam was compared with papaveretum and hyoscine for pre-operative medication. The oral premedication was associated with less subjective unpleasant side-effects and greater anxiolytic properties. It was adjudged to be superior by the anaesthetic and nursing staff as well as by the patients themselves. Oral premedication was also less time-consuming to administer, and there was a small saving in the cost of drugs and equipment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Pulmonary barotrauma during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Despite the large variety of ventilatory equipment and conditions under which CPR is performed, there have been few cases of pulmonary barotrauma, which is surprising since the transpulmonary pressures developed during CPR are relatively high. This report cites four cases demonstrating different mechanisms by which pulmonary barotrauma can be caused during CPR, and reviews their pathophysiologic consequences. The suggested levels of transpulmonary pressure needed for effective simultaneous chest compression and ventilation are even higher than those used for conventional CPR and are likely to contribute to the incidence of barotrauma during CPR.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Emotion socialization and expressive development in preterm and full-term infants.

The expressive behaviors of full-term and preterm infants and their mothers were examined during face-to-face interaction when the infants were approximately 2 1/2, 5, and 7 1/2 months old. Videotapes of the sessions were coded on a second-to-second basis using Izard's discrete emotion coding system. Overall, infants showed a linear increase in positive effect, especially interest and joy, and a corresponding decrease in negative affect, especially pain and knit brow, with age; decrease in negative affect was accounted for largely by the preterm infants. In terms of maternal responses, there was an increase in contingent responding to infant interest expressions and a decrease in contingent responding to infant pain expressions over time, especially in the case of the preterm infant. The data set as a whole was examined further to establish the directionality of influence between mothers and infants in change patterns over time. There was evidence of learning effects in infants as a function of maternal modeling and contingency patterns. Anomalies in maternal responses to preterm infant affect expressions were observed. Mothers of these infants displayed significantly less matching or imitation of their infant's facial expressions, showed random rather than contingent responsiveness to sadness, and a significant ignoring response to infant anger. These differences were attributed to differences in gazing patterns and negative emotion expression in preterm infants. The results are discussed within a framework of emotion socialization that recognizes bidirectionality of influence in the emotional patterns of mothers and infants.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Production of lymphokines by murine cortisone resistant thymocytes stimulated by concanavalin A. III. Effect of cytotoxic pretreatment with anti-Lyt antibodies on interleukin-2 and interferon producing cells.

Lyt phenotypes of interleukin-2 and interferon producing Balb/c cortisone resistant thymocytes, stimulated by concanavalin A in vitro, were studied using cytotoxic anti-Lyt-1.2 and anti-Lyt-2.2 alloantisera and monoclonal antibodies. It was found that while interleukin-2 was produced by both Lyt1+ and Lyt2+ cells, the ability to secrete IFN was limited to Lyt2+ cells only.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Continuous intragastric pH measurement in the critically ill and treatment with parenteral ranitidine.

Continuous measurement of gastric pH using a flexible pH electrode attached to a NG tube was performed in nineteen critically ill patients. The gastric pH readings correlated well with hourly intermittent pH values using indicator strips. Hypotension, physiotherapy and septicaemia was consistently associated with falls in gastric pH. A continuous infusion of Ranitidine, a H2-receptor antagonist, was titrated against the continuously measured gastric pH in an attempt to keep it above a pH of 4. This was successfully achieved in sixteen of the nineteen patients using widely variable doses of Ranitidine. The three patients whose gastric pH remained low all had severe septicaemia.

Electrodes↗
PubMed1985

Induction of interferon in mice by sodium salt of 9-oxo-10-acridineacetic acid: specific enhancement by analogs.

9-oxo-10-acridineacetic acid bearing the common name of 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone or CMA (6) was found to be a very potent interferon (IFN) inducer in adult Balb/c mice. Seven structural analogs of CMA were synthetized and assayed for the interferon inducing ability. Three of the compounds had new chemical structures. The analogs were shown to be either weak or inactive interferon inducers. However, some of the analogs administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) or orally (p.o.) either 2 h before CMA or together with the active inducer enhanced by 10 to 60-fold the serum interferon response. We suggest that CMA induces interferon indirectly via a specific protein receptor. The specific enhancement of the serum interferon response to CMA by its inactive analogs may be explained in terms of the competition of the compounds for binding sites at the acceptor or transporting protein molecules. In the presence of an analog of CMA greater amount of free CMA may be available for the receptors in the target cells than when CMA acts alone. Only CMA bound to the receptor would be biologically active whereas the complexes of the compounds with the acceptor are biologically inert.

Acridines↗
PubMed1983

Interaction of mouse interferon and platelet-derived growth factor during multiplication of BALB/c 3T3 cells.

Mouse fibroblast-drived interferon (MuIFN) at concentrations of 0.1-0.001 U/ml enhanced the multiplication of BALB/c 3T3 cells. Experiments with the cells cultured in 5% platelet poor plasma serum (PPPS) medium in which the cells not multiply without platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), suggested that there is a positive cooperativity between small amounts of MuIFN and submitogenic doses of PDGF. The growth-promoting activity of 10,000-1,000 U/ml detected in the partially purified MuIFN from C243 cells assayed in 5% PPPS medium was probably the result of the contamination of MuIFN preparations with a PDGF-like growth factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of biological properties of A(H1N1) influenza virus strains isolated in 1947 and during the epidemic of 1977.

A comparative analysis of biological properties of A(H1N1) influenza virus strains isolated in 1977 and the prototypic strain isolated in 1947 was performed. The strains showed marked differences in the vivo and in vitro replication as well as in the sensitivity to inhibitors of normal animal sera and to interferon. Also, their neuraminidases displayed different sensitivity to detergents. On the other hand, the strains did not differ significantly with respect to ability for interferon induction in vivo and hemagglutinin sensitivity to detergents.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1982

Protective effect of different mouse interferons in mice infected with encephalomyocarditis (EMC).

Antiviral activity of various preparations of mouse interferons (Mu-IFN) administered prophylactically by the intranasal route 4 h before intranasal infection of mice with EMC virus was studied. In spite of the same activity of Mu-IFN preparations in vitro, their antiviral effect in vivo displayed differences. The "alveolar" Mu-IFN induced with NDV obtained in the upper respiratory tract, appeared to be the most effective interferon preparation in the prophylaxis of viral infection in mice. Several-fold intranasal administration of "alveolar" interferon at 4-day intervals markedly increased the survival of animals intranasally infected with EMC.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The effect of experimental infection of mice with encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus on interferon production by alveolar and peritoneal cells in vitro.

After infection of mice with EMC virus, dose-dependent increase or decrease of the synthesis of in vitro Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-induced interferon was observed in alveolar and peritoneal cells. It was shown that peritoneal cells from mice with mild course of the infection (infecting dose 0.2-1.0 LD50 per mouse) produce interferon in vitro on the same level as the control cells. Alveolar cells isolated from the same mice shortly after infection exhibited increased interferon production in vitro as compared with the analogous cells isolated from the non-infected mice. Acute, EMC-induced infection in mice (infecting dose 5.0 LD50 per mouse) caused suppression of interferon synthesis in vitro by both peritoneal and alveolar cells, which intensified together with the progression of the disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Interferon and humoral immune response in experimental influenza: infection with A/PR8 virus adapted to the mouse.

Inbred 129/Ao/Boy mice were infected with various doses of AO/PR8/HONI influenza virus. Replication of virus, synthesis of endogenous interferon and antibodies were measured. The infected mice were the source of alveolar and peritoneal cells which were used for the in vitro induction of interferon with Newcastle Disease virus (NDV). It has been found that the level of interferon detected in the tracheo-bronchial washings parallels the titer of virus in the lung. At the lethal doses of the virus interferon appeared earlier but its titer also declined faster than in mice infected with sublethal doses of influenza virus. The peritoneal and alveolar cells from the mice infected with the lethal doses of influenza virus produced less interferon after the induction with NDV than the cells from uninfected mice. In contrast, the alveolar cells from mice infected with sublethal doses of A/PR8 virus produced more interferon than the control cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Rat interferons. VI. Heterologous interferon in the treatment of viral infections.

In previous studies in vitro we demonstrated the protection of mouse cells against viral infections by rat interferon. In continuation, the present paper reports results of a study designed to confirm this heterospecific activity of rat interferon in vivo. Experiments were carried out with mice of the inbred 129/AoBoy strain, inoculated intranasally or intraperitoneally with EMC-strain Col MM, VSV and influenza A 055/74 viruses, and treated with mouse or rat interferon administered by the same routes as infection. Both interferons exhibited protective action. The therapeutic effect of the mouse and rat interferons was dependent on the infecting dose of the viruses. Rat interferon proved more effective in the treatment of mice infected intraperitoneally than mice infected intranasally.

Animals↗