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Biomedical subjects

M Anand

Publications and source records attributed to M Anand.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Pneumocystis carnii pneumonia in AIDS--an autopsy report.

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), the most common presenting manifestation in patients with AIDS from western countries, holds the distinction for being the first opportunistic infection that was associated with AIDS. There is marked paucity of clinically diagnosed and pathologically confirmed cases of PCP in India. This case represents the first complete autopsy report of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia inpatient with AIDS from our country. A high index of clinical suspicion and microscopic confirmation is needed to avert mortality due to PCP in patients with AIDS.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1998

Abnormal levels of proinflammatory cytokines in serum and monocyte cultures from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in different stages, and their role in prognosis.

Interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), primarily monocyte-derived cytokines, form a group of proinflammatory cytokines with related and overlapping spectra of activities. The role of these cytokines in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been investigated. A distinctive pattern of cytokine secretion has been found in chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP), in blastic crisis (CML-BC) and in normal subjects. Serum IL-6 levels in CML-CP and CML-BC were significantly raised compared with normal controls (p = 0.0026 for CML-CP and p = 0.0011 for CML-BC). IL-6 was significantly elevated in blastic crisis of CML (103.5 +/- 20.77 pg ml-1) compared with CML-CP (37.35 +/- 10.88 pg ml-1; p = 0.014). IL-6 serum levels were found to correlate significantly with peripheral blood monocyte counts and bone marrow blast and basophil counts. We have analysed monocyte/macrophage function with respect to their ability to produce IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, spontaneously as well as in response to LPS, in comparison with normal controls. A direct correlation of IL-6 levels in unstimulated and stimulated cultures with bone marrow blast and basophil counts has been observed. From these results it is inferred that the monocyte function is impaired in CML patients, and the cytokine secretion is deficient. Our limited data suggest that serum IL-6 levels may play an important role as a prognostic marker for CML.

Blast Crisis↗
PubMed1998

Os capitatotrapezoid: a case report.

A case of fused capitate and trapezoid, the os capitatotrapezoid (OCT), was found in an articulated right hand of a male skeleton. Fusion was almost complete except for shallow grooves demarcating the line of fusion on the proximal and distal aspects. Radiology revealed a normal trabecular pattern and no joint cavity within these fused bones. The styloid process of the third metacarpal was absent.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Dysregulated cytokine production by monocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients.

The serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (Tumor Necrosis Factor, Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6) in B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), and secretion of these cytokines by monocytes from CLL patients has been studied in 27 CLL patients and 20 normal subjects under unstimulated and stimulated conditions. It has been observed that monocyte function is impaired and deficient in CLL patients. The cytokine secretion though decreased in unstimulated cultures, was found to reach normal levels as far as IL-6 and TNF are concerned, indicating a possible role of an in vivo suppressive factor. The observed defect in cytokine production may have an important implication for the immune system of the patients.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1998

Role of GABA receptor complex in low dose lindane (HCH) induced neurotoxicity: neurobehavioural, neurochemical and electrophysiological studies.

Lindane is widely used as an insecticide and scabicide in mammals. High doses in chronic exposures caused hyperexcitability and convulsions and impaired motor activity involving GABA-ergic mechanism. To investigate the role of GABA/Benzodiazepine mechanism in the neurotoxicity of low doses of lindane, rats were administered 2, 3, or 5 mg/kg orally for 90 days and behavioural, electrophysiological, and neurochemical studies were conducted. The animals exposed to lindane exhibited increased geotaxis and decreased spontaneous drug-induced locomotor activity (which further potentiated by phenobarbitone and increased after leptazol). The EEG of the treated rats showed high voltage slow-wave activity (HVSA) patterns with occasional spindles (9-10 HZ-amplitude of 100 uv). A significant increase (p < 0.01) in GABA levels in cerebellum and significant increase in benzodiazepine receptors in cerebellar membrane measured by (3H)flunitrazepam binding were observed in the animals exposed to 3 and 5 mg lindane. The study suggests that low dose chronic exposure of lindane causes neurobehavioral, neurochemical, and electrophysiological effects involving GABA-ergic mechanism(s).

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Serum tumor necrosis factor for monitoring response of hepatic veno-occlusive disease to pentoxiphyllin--a case report.

Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is the second most common cause of death after autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). A patient with multiple myeloma undergoing ABMT developed classic features of hepatic VOD. He responded to treatment with pentoxiphyllin. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels showed remarkable correlation with the severity of VOD and response to therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cornea stress test--evaluation of corneal endothelial function in vivo by contact lens induced stress.

Reliable and valid assessment of corneal endothelial function is a critical input for diagnosing, prognosticating and monitoring progression of disorders affecting corneal endothelium. In 123 eyes, corneal endothelial function was assessed employing data from the corneal hydration recovery dynamics. Serial pachometric readings were recorded on Haag-Striet pachometer with Mishima-Hedbys modification before and after two hours of thick soft contact lens wear. Percentage Recovery Per Hour (PRPH) was derived from raw data as an index of endothelial function. Assessed PRPH in pseudophakic corneal oedema and Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy eyes (35.9 +/- 9.8%) was significantly lower than normal controls (61.9 +/- 10.5%). On employing receiver operation characteristics curve analysis the tested results demonstrated high sensitivity (87%) and specificity (92%) for detection of low endothelial function at PRPH cut off of 47.5%. Using this PRPH cut off, 80% of Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy and 93.3% of pseudophakic corneal oedema eyes could be demonstrated to have low endothelial function. A total of 66.7% of diabetic eyes also demonstrated PRPH of lower than 47.5%. Clear corneal grafts demonstrated PRPH values of 24.6% to 73.0%. Of 6 corneal grafts that demonstrated initial PRPH of lower than 47.5%, 4 failed within 4 to 6 months. Our data demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity of this corneal stress test. PRPH index was useful in quantifying endothelial function in clinical disorders including diabetes mellitus. The index PRPH was demonstrated to be useful in monitoring and prognosticating outcome of corneal grafts.

Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic↗
PubMed1991

Cardiotoxicity and hypertension in rats after oral lead exposure.

The rats were exposed to lead (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 per cent lead acetate through drinking water) for 90 days to study its effect on some physiological and morphological parameters of the cardiovascular system. Blood lead levels increased in a dose dependent manner but heart tissue showed rise at only two higher doses in exposed animals. The two higher doses of lead resulted in an increased arterial blood pressure and calcium influx in atrial trabeculae and papillary muscles. No marked pathological or histochemical changes were observed in heart tissue excepting congestion and slightly reduced activity of succinic dehydrogenase in the highest dosed group. It was concluded that lead exposure through drinking water may produce increased arterial blood pressure and minor changes in the myocardium. Whether these changes are mediated through the effect of lead on the calcium transport needs further investigation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Idiopathic oedema--a missed entity.

Twenty nine patients were diagnosed to have idiopathic oedema; 27 (93.1%) of these were females. Associated psychological symptoms were observed in 86.2% of patients. The most common associated symptoms were related to autonomic dysfunction. Obesity and diuretic abuse were found in 48.3% and 41.4% of patients respectively. The association of bizarre symptoms with idiopathic oedema is a common feature.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Hypertension and myocarditis in rabbits exposed to hexachlorocyclohexane and endosulfan.

Male albino rabbits were exposed to the organochlorinated pesticides hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and endosulfan (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, ip) twice a week for 12 mo. The mean body weight of the rabbits at 12 mo was lower than that of the controls. There was rise in blood pressure and heart rate. Electrocardiograms (ECG) in both the exposed groups showed increases in PR, QT and RR intervals. Extensive myocardial damage was recorded with marked degeneration of muscle fibers vacuolization and leucocytic infiltration. Adrenals had thickened capsules and hyperplasia of cortical cells. Both pesticides produced significant increases (p less than 0.001) of 11-hydroxycortisone at all time intervals. Hypertension and myocarditis occurred in rabbits exposed to HCH and endosulfan.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1989

Role of neurotransmitters in fenitrothion-induced aggressive behaviour in normal and lesioned rats.

Normal and brain-lesioned (amygdala, septal and nigral regions) rats exposed to fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) for 15 subsequent days showed elevated foot-shock fighting behaviour (septal and nigral lesioned rats). Treated animals failed to perform the rotorod test and showed decreased locomotor activity followed by convulsions. The brain-lesioned rats treated with 10 mg/kg fenitrothion showed a marked decrease in the level of norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT).

Aggression↗
PubMed1988

Effect of repeated exposure to lindane and cadmium on lindane metabolism in rats.

The effects of daily administration of cadmium and lindane for 35 days on the metabolism of lindane in rats were investigated. The results indicate that cadmium induces a significant inhibition of lindane metabolism, since the group dosed with lindane plus cadmium had a significantly higher concentration of lindane in plasma and tissues than the group dosed with lindane alone. The inhibition in the metabolic rate of lindane is associated with the cadmium-induced alterations in the disposition of essential trace elements, Zn, Cu and Fe, in the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Lindane-induced changes in glucose and glutathione levels in cats.

Cats were given lindane (1 and 2 mg/kg i.v.) and the levels of glucose in blood and glutathione in blood and liver were measured at 30 min, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h. The results showed a sharp decrease in blood glutathione at an early interval with subsequent recovery, whereas there was no change in liver up to 2 h followed by a significant decrease at later intervals with no sign of recovery. The pesticide also showed a hypoglycemic effect at all intervals.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Endosulfan induced inhibition of 3H-5-hydroxytryptamine uptake in platelets.

Endosulfan, a chlorinated pesticide, is widely used to control various insect pests. Rats exposed to 1 mg and 3 mg endosulfan/kg for periods of 10, 30, and 60 days showed significant (P less than 0.05) inhibition of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake by platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in an ex vivo study. Rats treated with endosulfan (1 and 3 mg/kg) up to 60 days elucidated a marked inhibition of ADP-induced aggregatory responses of the platelets. Incubation of PRP with 10 microM and 100 microM endosulfan for 15 min at 37 degrees C also resulted in significant (P less than 0.05) inhibition of platelet aggregation in vitro. The paper discusses the use of rat blood platelets as a model for the study of neuro- and cardiovascular toxicity of endosulfan.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Endosulfan and cholinergic (muscarinic) transmission: effect on electroencephalograms and [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate in pigeon brain.

Single exposure of endosulfan (5 mg/kg) to pigeons (Columbia livia) caused neuronal hyperexcitability as evidenced by spike discharges of 200-500 microV in the electroencephalograms (EEG) from the telencephalon and hyperstriatum, but there was no effect on the ectostriatal area. Cholinergic (muscarinic) receptor binding study using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) as a specific ligand indicated that a single exposure to 5 mg/kg of endosulfan caused a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in [3H]QNB binding to the striatal membrane. Behavioral study further indicated that a single dose of 200 micrograms/kg of oxotremorine produced a significant induction in the tremor (P less than 0.01) in endosulfan-pretreated pigeons. The results of this behavioral and biochemical study indicate the involvement of a cholinergic (muscarinic) transmitter system in endosulfan-induced neurotoxicity.

Animals↗