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Biomedical subjects

M Anand

Publications and source records attributed to M Anand.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Role of neurotransmitters in endosulfan-induced aggressive behaviour in normal and lesioned rats.

Normal and lesioned rats exposed to 3 mg/kg i.p. endosulfan for 10 subsequent days showed elevated foot-shock fighting behaviour in septal and nigral brain-lesioned animals. Increased ipsilateral circling was noticed in unilateral-nigral lesioned rats. A marked decrease in locomotor activity and no seizure pattern were recorded in rats treated with chlorpromazine (CPz). Electroencephalographic recording on the tenth day of endosulfan exposure showed high-voltage slow activity (HVSA) with occasional spindles and 5-6 Hz amplitude of 200 microV. In the treated rats an increase in the concentration of dopamine (DA) and a decrease in serotonin (5-HT) were recorded in amygdaloid, septal and nigral brain-lesioned rats.

Aggression↗
PubMed1983

Involvement of serotonergic receptors in endosulfan neurotoxicity.

Single dose of 1 and 3 mg/kg endosulfan did not show any significant effect on binding of 3H-serotonin to frontal cortical membranes as well as on foot-shock-induced fighting behaviour in rats, where as repeated exposure of endosulfan (3 mg/kg for 30 days) caused a significant increase in 3H-serotonin binding. Scatchard analysis showed an increase in the affinity of the receptor (KD) in the treated animals while number of receptor sites (Bmax) remained unaltered. Long term endosulfan exposure caused aggressive behaviour (foot-shock-induced fighting behaviour) which was blocked by methysergide, a 5-HT blocker. These results indicate the involvement of serotonergic receptors in endosulfan neurobehavioral toxicity.

Aggression↗
PubMed1981

The acute toxicity of endosulfan to fresh-water organisms.

A static bioassay is performed for measuring the short-term (96 h) toxicity of endosulfan to juvenile catfish Clarias batrachus, insect nymph Enallagma sp. and frog tadpoles of Rana tigrina. Median Tolerance Limit, Slope Function, Confidence Limit, and Presumable Harmless Concentration were computed. The results showed that frog tadpoles are more susceptible to endosulfan than insect nymph and catfish. Morphological changes and behavioural alterations were evaluated as symptoms of endosulfan toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of a neurotic pesticide, endosulfan, on tissue blood flow in cats, including regional cerebral circulation.

The effect of a neurotoxic pesticide, endosulfan (0.5, 1.0 or 2 mg/kg iv) was studied in pentobarbital anesthetized and paralysed cats on systemic and regional hemodynamic variables using the radioactive microsphere technique. The pesticide caused hypertension, pupillary dilatation and an increase in cardiac output and peripheral resistance. Since the above changes coincided with spike discharges in the EEG, and since there was also a profuse salivation indicating augmentation of parasympathetic activity as well, endosulfan was apparently acting within the brain to increase autonomic activity. The microsphere technique revealed that the cardiac output was preferentially redistributed to the heart and the brain at the cost of the fraction going to the kidneys, lungs, muscles and large intestine. In particular, there was a tremendous increase in cerebral blood flow (6 folds) which was more marked in diencephalon and cerebral hemispheres. Though enhanced brain metabolism due to EEG seizures is undoubtedly responsible for the increase in cerebral blood flow it is probably not the only factor. In conclusion, endosulfan acts within the brain to produce both autonomic and somatic toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect of endosulfan of bioelectrical activity of brain in rats.

Bioelectrical activity of rat brain was studied after administration of endosulfan (5 mg/kg, ip) for 10 days. The pesticide produced rhythmic bursts of spikes and waves of seizure pattern that started 25-30 minutes after dosing and persisted for 60-minutes. The clonic convulsions were more marked over the head region and were mainly localized in the upper extremities. Histopathologic examination of the liver showed congestion of the central veins and its adjacent sinusoids. Concentration of the compound in brain parallelled the electrical activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effect of tryptaminergic drugs on electroshock fighting behaviour in rats.

The effect of some tryptaminergic drugs on electroshock fighting behaviour in rats was determined. Reserpine and tetrabenazine reduced the fighting responses while 5-hydroxytryptophan increased the fighting responses in normal as well as reserpine-treated animals. p-Chlorophenylalanine, a specific depletor of brain serotonin, also reduced the fighting responses. The results suggest that an increase of brain serotonin may have a facilitatory effect on electroshock fighting behaviour and a decrease of brain serotonin may impair fighting behaviour.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Possible role of calcium in the cardiovascular effects of prolonged administration of gamma-HCH (lindane) in rats.

Gamma-HCH (lindane) administered for long durations is reported to cause toxic cardiovascular effects. Present study was carried out to assess the changes in cardiovascular activity and cellular calcium homeostatic mechanisms in rats administered 3 mg kg-1 day-1 of gamma-HCH p.o. for 6 weeks. The changes in electrocardiogram were marked by a decrease in R-R interval and the amplitude of the P wave by 53% and 50%, respectively. The amplitude of R and T waves was increased by 65% and 58%, respectively. Calcium-45 influx was increased in atrial trabeculae (33%) and in papillary muscle (10%). The plasma calcium concentration was increased (32%) and Ca,K-ATPase activity in heart was decreased (50%). It is suggested on the basis of these findings that cellular calcium homeostatic mechanisms are involved in the cardiovascular effects of gamma-HCH administered chronically in rats.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of simple hematological, biochemical and clinical parameters to monitor response of multiple myeloma patients on high dose thalidomide therapy.

BACKGROUND: Evidence of increased bone marrow vascularity in multiple myeloma (MM) has led to the use of anti-angiogenic drugs especially thalidomide in relapsed or refractory patients. Currently, parameters such as serum/ urine electrophoresis for M (monoclonal) proteins, bone marrow biopsy with touch preparation and b2 microglobulin are routinely used to assess response to therapy. These investigations are expensive, invasive and require high technical setup. AIM: To correlate simple and routine hematological and biochemical parameters with the key marker of disease i.e. M proteins. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This is an open label, uncontrolled, single-arm study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty nine refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma patients of both sexes (M=20, F=9) with age ranging between 35-72 years were initiated on 200 mg/day of thalidomide with fortnightly increments of 200 mg to a maximum tolerated dose not exceeding 800 mg/day. All hematological and biochemical parameters were monitored at monthly intervals for one year. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Correlation analysis was performed between hemoglobin (Hb), total leukocyte count (TLC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), platelet count (PC), total proteins (TP), serum albumin and serum globulin on one hand and M protein levels on the other using Pearsons Correlation test by SPSS version 7.5. RESULT: Hb, TLC, ANC, PC and serum albumin levels showed a significant negative correlation with M proteins. A highly significant positive correlation existed between M proteins on one hand and TP and globulin levels on the other. Dryness of skin indicated positive response to therapy. These correlations were found to be significant at the end of one month of therapy in all the above-mentioned parameters except in TLC where it was significant after 2 months of thalidomide therapy. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that sustained efficacy of thalidomide therapy may be amenable to monitoring by these simple, inexpensive and easily available investigations after ascertaining an initial response by M protein and marrow plasmacytosis as these parameters closely follow M protein levels. However more studies are required to further substantiate these findings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic myeloid leukemia presenting with absence of basophils and marked dyspoiesis.

A 61-year old woman presented to us with fever, weakness and ecchymotic patches for one year. She had leucocytosis, anemia and thrombocytopenia. Peripheral blood smear showed 62% neutrophils, 32% myelocytes and metamyelocytes, 2% promyelocytes, 1% blasts, 2% monocytes, 1% lymphocytes but no basophils and marked dyspoiesis. Bone marrow picture was essentially the same. A diagnosis of atypical chronic myeloid leukemia was suggested. The correct diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia-accelerated phase was, however, made on cytogenetic analysis which showed Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) and isochromosome 17q [i(17q)]. This case describes a rare and diagnostically difficult presentation of CML arising out of a combination of prominent dyspoiesis and near absence of peripheral blood basophils.

Basophils↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal endosulfan neurotoxicity: behavioral and biochemical changes in rat pups.

Repeated administration of 0.5 mg/kg endosulfan (for 5 days a week) for 3 and 5 weeks of age, produced no significant alteration either in the binding of 3H-5HT to frontal cortical membranes or in foot-shock induced fighting behavior. However, administration of 1 mg/kg endosulfan for 5 weeks caused a significant increase in 3H-5HT binding as well as in foot shock induced aggressive behavior. The endosulfan-induced increase in aggressive behavior and increased binding of 3H-5HT were detectable even 8 days after the cessation of endosulfan treatment. Scatchard analysis revealed that exposure to endosulfan altered the affinity (KD) of the receptors without causing any significant change in maximum number of high affinity binding sites (Bmax). The endosulfan-induced fighting behavior was blocked by the pretreatment of animals with methysergide, a 5-HT blocker. These results suggest an involvement of serotonergic systems in the neonatal neurotoxicity of endosulfan.

Aggression↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in brain acetylcholine of rats after dermal application of fenitrothion (Sumithion).

Fenitrothion (Sumithion), and organophosphorous insectide, was applied dermally to rats. Cholinesterase activity was measured in blood and brain. The concentration of the pesticide in blood plasma and acetylcholine in brain were estimated at different intervals. The maximum concentration of Fenitrothion in the plasma was found at 4 hrs while significantly elevated levels of acetylcholine were present in the brain till 24 hrs. The results suggest that the compound was readily absorbed by dermal route to produce inhibition of cholinesterase and a consequent persistent increase in brain acetylcholine.

Acetylcholine↗