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Biomedical subjects

M Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to M Andersen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Child developmental delay and socio-economic disadvantage in Australia: a longitudinal study.

Socio-economic inequalities in adult and child health in Australia have been an issue of national concern. While a large body of data has discussed adult health, there have been relatively few Australian reports of socio-economic inequalities in child health. This occurs in a context where there have been increases in the proportion of Australian children living in poverty and where there has been an increased interest in child developmental delay as an indicator of child health status. This paper reports the result of a longitudinal study of pregnancy outcomes and one indicator of child health, namely child developmental delay. Three indicators of socio-economic status (chronic socio-economic disadvantage, mother's education, family income) were used to predict child developmental delays observed some 5 1/2 years after the study commenced. Mothers who had the lowest socio-economic status (using any of the indicators) had substantially higher rates of children manifesting developmental delays.

Australia↗
PubMed1992

Long-term psychosocial adjustment in patients with severe burn injuries: a follow-up study.

An investigation of the long-term psychosocial adjustment of patients with severe burn injuries is presented. In the selected 13-year period (1968-80) 46 patients fulfilled the entry criteria: burns covering more than 30 per cent body surface area (deep dermal or full skin thickness). Seventeen patients died early and one later. Of the remaining 28 patients, contact was made with 25 (89.3 per cent) who all participated. The observation time ranged between 7 and 21 years. The patients received a semi-standardized interview adjusted for age at the time of burn injury, a psychiatric interview and a physical examination to assess the permanent character and functional loss. The principal findings were: no correlation could be found between degree of disfiguration/function loss and the long-term psychosocial adaptation after severe burn injuries. The determinant factor was the premorbid psychiatric/psychological integration and, to some extent, support from staff and relatives.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Disulfiram therapy--adverse drug reactions and interactions.

Adverse drug reactions (ADR) to disulfiram treatment have been reported as single cases, but few systematic investigations exist. In this study we analysed the spontaneous ADR reports to the Danish Committee on Adverse Drug Reactions during 1968-1991. In that period 154 ADRs to disulfiram were reported, mainly of hepatic, neurological, skin, and psychiatric reactions, in decreasing order of frequency. The safety of disulfiram, estimated on the amount produced and the number of reactions reported, corresponds to an intermediate rate of adverse reactions (1 per 200-2000 treatment year). Over the 23-year period, 14 deaths were reported in Denmark and this corresponds to a rate of 1 per 25,000 treatment year; the chief cause was liver toxicity. Reports to the WHO collaborating Centre for International Drug Monitoring in Uppsala, Sweden, showed the same ADR profile, although with a higher rate of neurological and psychiatric and a lower rate of hepatic reactions. The latency time from the start of treatment to the manifestation of the ADR differed according to organ. Hepatitis occurred with a distinct peak after 2 months of treatment, skin reactions peaked after 2 weeks, and the rate of neurological ADR increased with duration of therapy. The relation of skin reactions and hepatitis to nickel allergy is discussed, as is the dose-dependency of neuropathy. Concomitant disulfiram treatment affects the metabolism of several drugs and the dynamics of others, leading to a number of clinically important drug interactions. The disulfiram drug interactions are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

In vitro solubility of human pulp tissue in calcium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite.

The tissue solvent capacity of a 2% stabilized sodium hypochlorite solution (Milton) and a commercial calcium hydroxide solution (Calasept) was examined under in vitro conditions where autolyzed human pulp fragments weighing approximately 0.0065 g were immersed in these solutions at 37 degrees C for periods of up to 10 days. It appeared that sodium hypochlorite was able to dissolve half the volume of pulp tissue within 1 h and the remaining tissue after 2-2 1/2 h. Calcium hydroxide dissolved half the pulp volume within 2 h, whereas it took 1 week for the remaining tissue to dissolve. These findings support the use of sodium hypochlorite as an irrigation solution during canal preparation and calcium hydroxide as a canal dressing for the purpose of creating a canal free of pulp remnants before root filling.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1991

[Adverse effects of ulcer drugs before and after release of cimetidine, ranitidine and sucralfate for over-the-counter sale].

During the period from the first marketing of cimetidine in 1977 and until 31 March 1990, the Danish Committee on Adverse Drug Reactions received 494 reports concerning a total of 612 suspected adverse reactions to peptic ulcer drugs (ATC group A02B). Out of these, adverse reactions to H2-receptor antagonists constituted 90%. The investigation confirms the fact that safe drugs are concerned which only rarely cause serious adverse reactions. During the first year after cimetidine, ranitidine and sucralfate became available over-the-counter (27 March 1989-31 March 1990), only one report about side effects caused by cimetidine sold over-the-counter was received. This corresponds to what might be anticipated from the usage figures, if availability over-the-counter does not result in particular adverse reaction problems. Decrease in the number of reports, alterations in the pattern of adverse reactions and under-reporting of known adverse reactions render employment of data from voluntary reports difficult.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMed1991

Properties of some density-dependent integrodifference equation population models.

Integrodifference equations may be used as models of populations with discrete generations inhabiting continuous habitats. In this paper integrodifference equation models are formulated for annual plant populations without a seed bank; these models differ in the stage of the life cycle at which intraspecific competition acts to reduce vital rates. The models exhibit a sequence of period-doubling bifurcations leading to chaotic spatial and temporal behavior. The behavior of the models when modal dispersal distances are at the origin is compared with their behavior when these distances are displaced away from the origin. The models are capable of predicting stable, cyclical, and chaotic asymptotic behavior. They also predict that the variance of dispersal distances is an important indicator of the colonizing ability of a species.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The mental health of women 6 months after they give birth to an unwanted baby: a longitudinal study.

This study reports a longitudinal prospective study of the impact of an unwanted pregnancy on the mental health of the mother. Data are derived from a Brisbane, Australian sample of 8556 mothers who were enrolled at their first clinic visit (mean gestation 18 weeks) and then interviewed again some 3-5 days after the birth and when the baby was 6 months of age. Standard scales of mental health were administered on each of these occasions and mothers whose babies were unwanted were compared with the rest of the sample. The results indicate that mothers of unwanted children have somewhat higher rates of anxiety and depression than the comparison group, but that the magnitude of the mental health differences between the two groups: (a) diminishes over the period of the follow-up, (b) may be partly attributable to the prior poor mental health of women giving birth to an unplanned and unwanted baby, (c) is such that relatively few women who give birth to an unwanted baby experience mental health problems. The paper considers the implications of these results for health planners, notes the absence of contrary data and the need to acknowledge that these results may reflect situational factors which are characteristic of but not necessarily limited to Brisbane.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Adverse reactions to H2-receptor antagonists in Denmark before and after transfer of cimetidine and ranitidine to over-the-counter status.

The H2-receptor antagonists cimetidine and ranitidine were transferred from prescription only to over-the-counter (OTC) status in Denmark on March 27, 1989. Reports to the Danish Committee on Adverse Drug Reactions, a voluntary reporting system, have been evaluated to detect possible changes in frequency and pattern of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) caused by the altered delivery status. From the introduction of cimetidine in 1977 and until March 31, 1990, the Committee received 494 reports of 612 suspected adverse reactions to anti-ulcer drugs. The H2-receptor antagonists (mainly cimetidine and ranitidine) were responsible for 548 (90%) of the ADRs. The study, which presents experience with these drugs from more than a decade and a total consumption corresponding to 65 million treatment days, confirms their excellent safety record. Serious reactions were rare, and when they occurred, reversible. During the first year with cimetidine and ranitidine available OTC no changes were seen in reporting frequency or ADR pattern which could be ascribed to OTC transfer. Only one ADR report concerning OTC cimetidine was received. This may be caused by several factors: the safety of these drugs, the fact that only very little was actually sold OTC, and a relatively low sensitivity of the voluntary reporting system.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed1991

Postphlebitic syndrome and general surgery: an epidemiologic investigation.

Of a random sample comprising 4581 subjects from The Copenhagen County, 3608 (79%) attended an interview and a general health examination. The subjects were defined as suffering from subjective postphlebitic syndrome if they claimed of lower extremity pain or cramps at rest and from objective postphlebitic syndrome if varicose veins, edema, lower extremity ulcers, or skin changes were present. By means of logistic regression analysis, subjective postphlebitic syndrome was found independently associated with previous thromboembolism, obesity, increasing age, female sex, hormonal therapy, varicose veins, and previous major abdominal surgery. Objective postphlebitic syndrome was associated with previous thromboembolism, obesity, former birthgiving, and high social status. The findings support the view that subclinical deep venous thrombosis in connection with previous surgery may give rise to symptoms in the lower extremities.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Late complications of asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis.

Forty-one patients who had all participated in studies about prophylaxis of postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were investigated 5-8 years after operation. Twenty-five had had asymptomatic DVT detected by 125I-fibrinogen uptake test or 99mTc plasmin scintigraphy and verified by phlebography, four of which were bilateral. They received anticoagulant treatment for three months. Sixteen patients had normal screening tests. At the follow up legs in which DVT had previously been diagnosed were compared with normal legs in patients who did not have DVT. There was no significant difference in subjective symptoms between the two groups of legs, although there were more complaints of oedema and restlessness in legs in which DVT had been diagnosed and varicose veins were more common. When the incidence of varicose veins before the operation and at the follow up was compared, more patients who had had a DVT had developed varicose veins. Blood volume and venous refilling time were measured by strain gauge plethysmography, and were significantly lower in those with a history of DVT than in normal legs. The results indicate impaired venous function in patients who previously had had asymptomatic DVT treated with anticoagulants.

Aged↗