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M Andrien

Publications and source records attributed to M Andrien.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Nutrition education or managing social communication for nutrition?].

Seven years ago Hygie published an article on the limits of conventional nutrition education in urban Africa. Strategies and methods in communication for nutrition have since evolved, incorporating results of international research to develop innovative, highly participative approaches. In this article the authors provide an extensive analysis of the different methodologies used in nutrition education programmes, in particular the KAB, social marketing, and community participation models, indicating main areas where each method used separately has failed. Members of the African Nutritional Education Network (RENA) have studied the above mentioned approaches, modifying them or integrating certain elements to adopt a more effective approach, which they consider somewhat as the management of social communication for nutrition education. Needs assessments and programme planning are largely enhanced by a causal analysis component specific to nutrition education in a community setting which has been developed by the authors. Other classic elements of programme implementation such as community participation, diversity of methods and intervention, are then combined with a multi-level/multi-actor evaluation processes to produce what the authors esteem to be a more effective nutrition education programme. They conclude, however, with the warning that although behavioural modifications brought about by nutrition communication and education might be beneficial for public health, they could have different, possibly adverse effects on other aspects of society. Effective nutrition education must therefore be included in a more extensive field of health promotion by acting on the multiple factors which influence the nutrition and health state of vulnerable groups.

Africa↗
PubMed1992

Detrimental role of donor-recipient HLA-DQ5 and -DQ6 disparities on cadaver kidney graft survival.

Donor-recipient incompatibility (D + R -) for HLA-DQ1, but not for -DQ2 or -DQ3, is associated with an adverse effect on cadaver kidney graft survival. Until now, however, DQ1 recipients of DQ1-negative kidneys (D - R +) have not been differentiated from DQ1-identical donor-recipient pairs (D + R +) and splits of DQ1, DQ5 and DQ6, have not been studied in that respect. From our data (480 transplantations performed from January 1980 to December 1990), three donor-recipient DQ combinations (D + R +, D - R +, D + R -) were formed for each of four DQ specificities (DQ2, DQ3, DQ5, DQ6). As DR-DQ linkage disequilibrium is well conserved in caucasoid individuals, DQ specificities were inferred from the associated DR specificities. Graft survival rate (%) was significantly lower for the DQ5 D + R - and the DQ6 D - R + combinations when compared with the other corresponding DQ combinations, whereas no significant difference was observed between the DQ2 and DQ3 combinations. In conclusion, if DQ1 plays a prominent role in kidney graft survival, the effects of its splits appear dissociated: DQ5 could be a marker of high antigenicity and DQ6 a marker of high responsiveness.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1992

Molecular characterization of a recombinant HLA-DR1/DR2 haplotype.

Serologic analysis of two families identified an HLA-DR haplotype in which DR1 and DR2 cosegregated. DNA-RFLP analysis of these families with an HLA-DRB probe revealed a pattern of hybridization suggestive of a recombination between DR1 and DR15. Following amplification, cloning, and nucleotide sequencing of HLA-DRB-gene second-exon DNA sequences, three DRB amplification products associated with the novel haplotype were identified: these corresponded to DRB1*0101, DR2 pseudogene, and DRB5*0101. Clones representing the DRB1*1501 and DR1 pseudogenes were not identified: oligonucleotide typing with DRB1*1501-specific probes confirmed the absence of this gene within the DR1/DR2 haplotype. We postulate that the DR1/DR2 haplotype represents a recombinant between those of DR1-Dw1 and DR15-Dw2, and that the crossing-over may have been between the DRB1*0101 gene and the DR2 pseudogene. This is further supported by DNA-RFLP analysis with HLA-DQB and DQA CDNA probes, which revealed conserved linkage genes between the DQB1*0501, DQA1*0101, and DRB1*0101 genes.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

[Immunotherapy of recurrent spontaneous miscarriages (idiopathic abortive disease): preliminary results].

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (greater than or equal to 3 spontaneous miscarriages) represents an entity defined by negative criteria (absence of anatomical, hormonal, autoimmune and chromosomal abnormalities). The immune hypothesis is corroborated by the successes (greater than or equal to 80 %) of specific (paternal leucocytes) or non-specific (intravenous gammaglobulins) immunotherapeutic trials. Studies on the mechanisms of action of those two methods will afford information on the pathogenesis of this condition.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1992

[Alloimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia].

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) is due to fetomaternal incompatibility for platelet specific antigens, most frequently HPA-1a (PLA1) and HPA-5b (BRa). It occurs in approximately 1/2.000-1/5.000 births. The most serious complication of NAIT is intracranial hemorrhage. The risk of life-threatening hemorrhage must lead to prompt diagnosis and effective therapy. Improvements in antenatal diagnosis and in utero therapy facilitate appropriate management of pregnancy at risk for NAIT. We report our experience with the serological diagnosis of 14 NAIT cases using new performing techniques such as western blotting (WB) and MAIPA (monoclonal antibody specific immobilization of platelet antigens).

Antigens, Human Platelet↗
PubMed1992

[Immunological selection of bone marrow donors].

In the last twenty years bone marrow transplantation has become the treatment of choice for many hematological malignancies and immunologic defects. The ideal donor is a perfectly HLA-identical family member. Given the limited proportion of patients who can benefit of such a donor, unrelated bone marrow donors are increasingly being used. The immunological methods of selection used for siblings have been shown to be inadequate for the new type of donors. New techniques of molecular biology detecting a new micropolymorphism have been developed. This paper discusses the techniques and interpretations of the immunological tests of selection.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1991

Lack of association between HLA-DR antigens and sleep-onset REM periods in major depression.

Narcolepsy is the disease disclosing the strongest association with the HLA system. Almost 100% of cases are associated with HLA-DR2 antigen. Moreover, narcolepsy is often characterized by the occurrence of sleep-onset REM (SOREM) periods. SOREM has also been demonstrated in major depression. To further investigate the relationship between SOREM and HLA-DR2, HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigens were assessed in 50 research diagnostic criteria (RDC) major depressed patients. Depressed patients were elected for HLA typing on the basis of the presence of at least one SOREM period (n = 29) or three REM latencies above 50 min (n = 21) during three consecutives EEG nights recording. No significant differences were observed in the frequency of HLA-DR or HLA-DQ antigens between patients and controls. These results demonstrate a lack of association between SOREM and HLA-DR2 in major depression, and also do not confirm the presence of an association between antigens encoded by the HLA region of the chromosome 6 and major depressive illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Favourable effects of some HLA-DR disparities on kidney graft survival. Proposal for a new recipient selection policy].

In a previous retrospective study conducted from 1980 to 1987 on 275 renal cadaveric transplants, we have shown that HLA-DR disparities between donor and recipient exerted differential effects on graft survival. Thus, the presence of DR4, DR5 and DR7 in the donor, or of DR5 in the recipient was associated with an excellent survival, whereas disparities due to the presence of DR1 and DR2 in the donor, or of DR2, DRw6 and DR7 in the recipient were detrimental for the graft. A prospective study on 158 renal cadaveric transplants performed from 1988 to 1990 yielded results that were similar to those of the retrospective study. Graft survival at 18 months was similar in recipients who had either the same DR antigens as those present in their donor or beneficial DR disparities only (83-90 percent), and significantly higher than in recipients with DR detrimental disparities only (62-65 percent). Graft survival in recipients with either mixed or neutral DR disparities occupied an intermediate position (77-78 percent). In conclusion, grafts with excellent outcome, similar to that observed in DR identical pairs, may be proposed to an ever increasing number of patients awaiting a renal transplant by adopting a selection policy based on the choice of beneficial DR disparities when a DR identical recipient is not available in the pool.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1990

Allodeterminants and evolution of a novel HLA-B5 CREG antigen, HLA-B SNA.

A novel HLA-B5 CREG gene, HLA-B SNA was cloned and the primary structure was determined. The sequence data showed that HLA-B SNA was identical to HLA-B51 except the alpha 1 domain in which one amino acid substitution at residue 74 and 5 amino acid substitutions associated with the Bw4/Bw6 epitopes were observed between these Ag. The comparison with other HLA-B locus genes suggested that HLA-B SNA evolved from HLA-B51 by gene exchange or recombination at the exon 2 between HLA-B51 and B8. A total of 10 of 14 HLA-B51-specific CTL clones showed significantly weak or no recognition of HLA-B SNA Ag. They also gave the same degree of a lysis of Hmy2CIR cells expressing the HLA-B35/51 chimeric Ag composed of the alpha 1 domain of HLA-B35 and other domains of HLA-B51 as that of Hmy2CIR cells expressing the HLA-B SNA Ag. These results demonstrated that amino acid substitutions within positions 77-83 associated with the HLA-Bw4/Bw6 epitopes have an influence on recognition of the HLA-B SNA antigen by HLA-B51-specific CTL.

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

HLA-B SNA antigen: a BW6 associated B locus antigen belonging to the B5 CREG.

A new B locus antigen has been found in members of two unrelated families and in a patient originating from Morocco belonging to the Berber population. A complete analysis has been performed with antisera from the 9th and 10th IHWS defining the B5 CREG antigens. Serology, absorption experiments and family studies indicate that SNA antigen is a Bw6 associated subtype of B5 antigen closely related to but clearly distinct from each of the B5 CREG antigens. One-dimensional isoelectric focusing study (1D-IEF) confirms that the SNA antigen precipitates as a B locus gene product and has an isoelectric point identical to that of Bw52 and one of the charge variants of B51.

Cross Reactions↗
PubMed1989

[Identification of HLA-DR antigenic disparities favorable and unfavorable in renal transplantation].

In order to detect possible influences of donor (D)/recipient (R) HLA-DR antigen disparities on graft survival, 310 renal cadaver transplantations performed from January 1980 to July 1988 were analyzed. For each DR1 to DR7 specificity, 4 combinations were considered according to the presence (pos) or the absence (neg) of the antigen in the D and in the R. Logistic regression was used to study graft survival during two postoperative periods: A (month 1 to 3) and B (month 4 to 24). The following combinations exerted a beneficial effect on survival: DR5 and DR7 Dpos/Rneg for period A, DR4 Dpos/Rneg and DR5 Dneg/Rpos for period B, whereas DRw6 and DR7 Dneg/Rpos for period A, DR1 and DR2 Dpos/Rneg, DR2 and DRw6 Dneg/Rpos for period B exerted a detrimental effect. Graft survival at two years was similar (83%) in HLA-DR identical pairs and in recipients with beneficial and no detrimental HLA-DR disparities, contrasting with poorer outcome in patients with either mixed beneficial and detrimental HLA-DR disparities (67%: p less than 0.05) or detrimental (and no beneficial) HLA-DR disparities (55%: p less than 0.001). The use of relevant D/R HLA-DR disparities for predicting graft outcome could lead to results similar to those currently reported with the best HLA-matched kidneys, from a much smaller pool of recipients.

Graft Survival↗