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Biomedical subjects

M Anke

Publications and source records attributed to M Anke.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Experimental copper and chromium deficiency and additional molybdenum supplementation in goats. I. Feed consumption and weight development.

Secondary Cu deficiency, Cr deficiency and molybdenosis were suggested causes of the 'mysterious' disease afflicting moose (Alces alces L.) in a region in south-west Sweden affected by acid rain. A model experiment with goats was performed to study the clinical chemical parameters, determine the tissue contents of trace and minor elements, to perform pathological and histopathological investigations and to compare the findings with those in moose disease. Twenty 3-month-old male goats were assigned to four dietary treatments (five animals each) in an experiment lasting for 20 months. The four groups in the study were: control group, Cu-deficient group (group 1), Cr-deficient group (group 2), and Cu- and Cr-deficient group (group 3). The animals were fed a basic semi-synthetic diet. At the end of the study the three surviving animals of group 3 were supplemented with additional tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) during the last 2 months. Feed consumption and weight development of the animals were monitored and are presented. The feed consumption of the two Cu-deficient groups of goats (group 1 and group 3) supported the previously described observations in copper deficiency in ruminants, e.g. decreased appetite and feed intake. A previously unreported effect of Cr deficiency in ruminants is now described in goats. Chromium deficiency at adequate Cu supplementation (group 2), caused increased lipid synthesis and a weight gain of 32 kg compared with that of the control group (20 kg). A possible explanation for this unexpected weight increase in only Cr deficiency is discussed. It is concluded that the feeding experiment does not support the hypothesis concerning the relation of Cr deficiency to the moose disease.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2000

Alimentary lead intake of adults in Thuringia/Germany determined with the duplicate portion technique.

The daily lead intake in Germany in 1996 was studied using the duplicate portion technique. The study was carried out in four towns in Thuringia (Jena, Ronneburg, Rositz, Steudnitz), in which volunteers collected all foods and beverages over 7 consecutive days. The mean lead content of consumed food and beverages was 66 and 55 microg/kg dry matter for women and men, respectively; the average lead intake was 19 microg/day for both, women and men. In relation to body weight (b.w.) the intake for women was 283 ng/kg and for men 242 ng/kg b.w. These values are well below the WHO limit. An oral lead exposure of the adult population of Thuringia/Germany can be excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Molybdenum intake of adults in Germany and Mexico.

Molybdenum is an essential micronutrient. It plays a complex role in the ecosystem, because the metal is a part of a cofactor for several important enzymes in human, animal and plant metabolism. The physiological requirement for this element is relatively low. Our investigations were aimed at determining the Mo intake of adults in Germany and Mexico by means of duplicate portion technique. Molybdenum was estimated in the food duplicate samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. In 1988, 1992 and 1996 the Mo consumption of humans was investigated in 14 test groups of persons with mixed diets. Each test population consisted of seven men and seven women. Furthermore, in 1996 the Mo intake of 10 female and 10 male vegetarians and of two Mexican test groups was also determined. Different factors, such as sex, time of investigation, location and eating habits have an effect on the individual Mo intake, Molybdenum intake of adults with mixed diets has increased significantly from 1988 to 1996. Furthermore, results of our study showed that Mo intake of German adults differs depending on location and the kind of diet. German women with a mixed diet consumed 89 micrograms d-1 in 1996 and men 100 micrograms d-1. In comparison, female and male vegetarians consumed 179 micrograms d-1 and 170 micrograms d-1, respectively. There was a significant difference in Mo consumption between German and Mexican test persons. Mexican women consumed on average 162 micrograms d-1 and Mexican men 208 micrograms d-1. The Mo requirement of adults amounts to about 25 micrograms d-1. Our investigations showed that the Mo requirement is met by normal intake. An intake of 150 micrograms kg-1 body weight may be toxic for humans. Therefore, people in Germany and Mexico are not endangered by Mo exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Oral cadmium exposure of adults in Germany. 1: Cadmium content of foodstuffs and beverages.

The cadmium contents of 94 and 105 foodstuffs bought in six-fold repetition in 1988 and in nine-fold repetition in 1991, respectively were analysed within the framework of a market-basket study. These foodstuffs were typical of German eating habits. Additionally, 170 samples of drinking water were investigated. The cadmium concentrations of the foodstuffs were comparable with results of recent studies carried out in Europe and North America. Fruit, milk and dairy products, sugar and sugar-rich foodstuffs as well as beverages showed mean cadmium contents < or = 5 ng/g fresh matter or ng/ml, respectively. The cadmium content of meat, sausage, fish and tinned fish was also low. Pork and beef, the most important kinds of meat, contained 5.4 and 2.5 ng/g on average. The majority of the vegetables investigated, including potatoes, had cadmium concentrations < 25 ng/g. However, individuals samples of lettuce showed very high cadmium levels. The cadmium content of bread, cakes and pastries as well as farinaceous products were within the range of 20-40 ng/g. The most important bread, cakes and pastries (wheat and rye bread, toasted bread, rolls) contained 25-35 ng/g. A median cadmium concentration of 0.2 micrograms/l was found in the drinking water. As expected, liver and kidneys showed the highest cadmium levels of 73 and 204 ng/g, respectively on average.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Investigations into the oral lead exposure of adults in the former German Democratic Republic.

The lead content of a representative assortment of foodstuffs and drinking water as well as the lead intake of adults were systematically investigated in 1988 in order to judge the oral lead exposure of the inhabitants of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). The foodstuffs as well as the drinking water contained normal lead concentrations. Levels exceeding the limits set by the Federal Office of Health and the Decree on Drinking Water were not obtained. The lead intake was 34 micrograms/day in adult men and 25 micrograms/day in adult women according to the results of the basket study, amounting to 11-13% of the PTWI provisional tolerable weekly intake value of lead. An oral lead exposure of the adult population in the former GDR can be excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Distribution of cadmium in the food chain (soil-plant-human) of a cadmium exposed area and the health risks of the general population.

Since 1960, extensive cadmium emissions from a factory producing fluorescent substances and cadmium pigments resulted in cadmium accumulation in the urban area of Bad Liebenstein. We show cadmium exposure of soils and plants in Bad Liebenstein and the meadows near the Grumbach brook. Lettuce and parsley from Bad Liebenstein contained 6- and 9-fold levels of cadmium (2140 and 1194 micrograms/kg dry matter) when compared with control plants. Vegetables from gardens in the immediate vicinity of the Grumbach brook contained cadmium levels which partly exceeded the limit values of the Federal Office of Health. The cadmium status of the inhabitants of Bad Liebenstein was tested by means of hair, whole blood and urine samples. The values were within the normal range (389 micrograms/kg dry matter hair; 1.06 micrograms/l whole blood; 0.24 microgram/l urine). In a duplicate study, the cadmium intake amounted to 10 micrograms/day in men and to 9 micrograms/day in women, which is only 12 or 15% of the WHO limit value. Hence, it follows that the cadmium exposure of soils and flora is not reflected in the food chain of the inhabitants of Bad Liebenstein and health risks caused from cadmium can be excluded.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1991

Effect of nickel deficiency on biochemical variables in serum, liver, heart and kidneys of goats.

Nickel deficiency was induced in 2- to 4-year-old goats by feeding 0.1 mg Ni/kg dry matter with a semisynthetic diet. The control group consumed 5.0 mg Ni/kg d.m. Activity of several enzymes (SDH, LDH, HBDH, AST, ALT, ALD, CK, CHE) was determined in the serum, liver, heart and kidneys. Serum urea-N level was also measured and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examinations were performed. Signs characteristic of nickel deficiency (retarded growth, increased mortality of dam and offspring, parakeratosis of the skin) appeared in the low-nickel group. The activity of SDH and ALD, as well as the level of urea-N was significantly lower in the serum of Ni-deficient animals than in the control. Ni-deficient animals also had significantly lower enzyme activities in the heart (SDH, HBDH, AST, ALT, ALD and CK), liver (SDH and CHE) and kidneys (HBDH and CK). Electron micrographs showed degeneration of cardiac and skeletal muscle in the Ni-deficient animals. Ni deficiency elicited changes primarily in the heart and these resulted in depressed activity of several enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Trace element intake (zinc, manganese, copper, molybdenum, iodine and nickel) of humans in Thuringia and Brandenburg of the Fed. Rep. of Germany.

The daily dry matter intake of 56 test persons between 20 and 60 years of age from four geographic groups (Wusterhausen and Vetschau in Brandenburg; Jena and Bad Langensalza in Thuringia) was registered on 7 consecutive days by means of the duplicate method. The Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, I and Ni content of food and beverage dry matter and the daily intake of these trace elements were determined. During the test period, the ration contained 24-29 mg zinc, 6.8-9.2 mg manganese, 1.9-2.6 mg copper, 0.17-0.22 mg molybdenum, 0.10-0.18 mg iodine and 0.36-0.68 mg nickel per kg dry matter. The adults consumed 6.7-11.0 mg zinc, 2.0-3.8 mg manganese, 0.54-0.92 mg copper, 47-89 micrograms molybdenum, 30-67 micrograms iodine and 111-256 micrograms nickel per day. The living area had an effect on the Mn, I and Ni intake. The higher dry matter intake resulted in a better trace element supply of male test persons. The copper, molybdenum and iodine requirement recommended by the WHO was not met.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A 5 year interdisciplinary control of iodine deficiency in the GDR.

The interdisciplinary iodine prophylaxis in the GDR is a successful measure for control of ID. The iodization of nearly all the salt is planed perhaps with reduction of the iodine concentration. However, next further steps may be done in cooperation of the Interdisciplinary Iodine Commission with the "Arbeitskreis: Jodmangel" in the FRG.

Germany, East↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of iodized mineral substance mixtures for cattle and swine on iodine requirements and struma prevention].

In the southern districts of the GDR the calculated iodine uptake of adults was 80 micrograms/day before the iodine supplementation of the mixtures of mineral substances and the packet kitchen salt. The iodine supplementation of the mixtures of mineral substances for cattle and pig tripled the iodine content of the milk or increased it fivefold in the county of Erfurt and doubled the proportion of iodine of the meat, the inner parts and the sausage produced from them. In a daily consumption of 0.31 of milk and 250 g of meat and sausage a surplus supply of 35 micrograms of iodine for adults was calculated in the southern counties of the GDR. The 35 micrograms of iodine for the future necessary for covering the demand of iodine are certainly delivered by the iodized kitchen salt.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1989

The cadmium status of horses from central Europe depending on breed, sex, age and living area.

The Cd status of animals is best reflected by kidneys and much worse by liver and hair. Breed (heavy- and warm-blooded horses) only took an insignificant effect on the Cd content of kidneys and liver. On the average, however, warm-blooded horses stored more Cd than heavy ones. Geldings from Cd-exposed living areas accumulated insignificantly more Cd in liver, kidneys and hair than mares. The influence of age on the Cd content of kidneys and liver of Cd-exposed horses was significant. The Cd exposure of a living area was very well reflected by kidneys and liver. On the average, horses from two areas with nonferrous metal smelting stored 1000 mg Cd/kg kidney dry matter and 100 to 200 mg Cd/kg liver dry matter. The highest Cd concentration of the kidneys of horses amounted to 2.6 and 2.3 g/kg dry matter, resp.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

The lead status of horses from central Europe depending on breed, sex, age and living area.

The breed of horses took a significant effect on the Pb content of animals with a normal Pb supply. Warm-blooded horses stored more Pb in skeleton, kidneys, liver and cerebrum than heavy horses. The sex only had the trend of influencing the Pb status. Mares with a normal Pb supply incorporated more Pb than geldings. Age only took a slight effect on the skeleton. Older horses stored more Pb in the metatarsal bone than younger ones. The Pb content of horse meat was not influenced by Pb exposure. Pb was not additionally deposited in the musculature. The Pb offer of the living area took a significant effect on the Pb status of horses. Skeleton, liver and kidneys indicated the site-specific influences significantly.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Interdisciplinary aspects of iodine prophylaxis in German Democratic Republic.

Endemic goiter still occurs in several European countries. Alimentary iodine deficiency could be proved as the main cause of endemic prevalence. Extensive epidemiologic surveys showed the great medical and economical impact of this matter for the GDR. Over 200 million Marks might be spent for diagnosis and treatment of thyroid patients per year. Also in the field of veterinary medicine and animal production iodine deficiency plays an important role. Under the conditions of iodine deficiency the fodder containing nitrate and glucosinolates (e.g. bruised rape extraction) results in additional goitrogenic effects (so-called indirect or relative iodine deficiency). Due to iodine deficiency disorders considerable losses of yields in cattle, pigs and sheep occurred. The content of iodine in animal products used for human nutrition was subsequently low. Considering the ecological implication of these problems an Interdisciplinary Iodine Commission within the Society for Endocrinology and Diseases of Metabolism of the GDR was established. Together with the governement authorities it worked out corresponding recommendations for the prophylaxis and control of its efficiency. In 1986 the iodination of most of the packed salt (32 mg KIO3/kg = = 19 mg I/kg) and the administration of iodinated mineral mixtures for the animal production were started for pigs in the whole territory of GDR and for cattle in the southern counties of the GDR only. These activities have been accompanied by information of TV as well as in the newspapers and medical journals. Thus, an improved supply of iodine to the population through iodinated table salt and animal products can be taken into account. The efficiency of these prophylactic measures is controlled interdisciplinarily.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1987

[Development and effectiveness of struma prevention in East Germany].

For the control of iodine deficiency disorders in man and animal since 1985/1986 measures have been introduced which were interdisciplinary attuned: 84% of the paketed salt are iodized (32 mg KIO3/kg) and iodized mixtures of mineral substances are used in the animal production of agricultural useful animals. The effectiveness of the iodine prevention becomes visible by an increase of the renal iodine excretion, regression of the frequency of connatal goitre and iodine deficiency disorders in the animal production. Increased manifestations of cases of hyperthyroidism as sequelae are of transient importance.

Goiter, Endemic↗
PubMed1986

[Status of goiter prevention in East Germany from an interdisciplinary viewpoint].

The endemic goiter occurs still in many countries of Europe. Alimentary iodine deficiency could be proved as essential cause of the increased prevalence. Comprehensive epidemiological investigations refer to the medical importance of this appearance for the GDR. 200 million marks might have to be spent annually for diagnostics and therapy. Also in the production of animals sequelae of iodine deficiency play a great part. Nitrate containing and glucosinolate containing feeding stuffs (e. g. rape extraction groats) here under the conditions of the iodine deficiency additionally develop goitrogenous effects (so-called indirect or relative iodine deficiency), which lead to decrease in vitality and clinical symptoms in the agricultural useful animals cattle, pig and sheep. The iodine content of animal products was frequently low. In view of the ecological connection of these problems an interdisciplinary iodine commission was founded which in accordance with the responsible state organs elaborates adequate recommendations for the prophylaxis and control of efficiency. From 1986 was begun with the iodisation of the largest part of packet salt (32 mg KJO3/kg) und the delivery of iodized mineral mixtures for the production of animals. Thus is to be reckoned with an improved direct supply of iodine for the population by iodized table salt or an indirect one over animal product. The iodisation of the entire common salt with modified iodine concentration is striven for. Measures for the control of efficiency are introduced.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Role of trace elements in the dynamics of arteriosclerosis].

According to the present state of knowledge 7 quantitative elements and possibly 18 trace elements are of vital importance for the animal. Their metabolism is antagonistically or synergistically influenced by the inorganic and organic constituents of the food of different kind. More than 30 elements (Cu, Zn, Mg, Mn, Cr, V and so on) shall be connected with the process of arteriosclerosis. Cu-deficiency as well as Cu-abundance may increase the cholesterol content of the blood serum. Under conditions of Cu-deficiency the formation of the crosslinks of the elastin of the blood vessels is disturbed. Under conditions of Zn-deficiency the serum cholesterol content is as a rule, but not exceptionally decreased in the animal. Similarly unclear is the influence of high administrations of Zn on the process of arteriosclerosis. An Mg-deficit may lead to a whole chain of changes (disturbances of the cardiac rhythm, necrotic changes, atheromatous plaques, high values of total cholesterol, low values of HDL-cholesterol). Via the glucose tolerance factor a Cr-deficit possibly takes influence on the arteriosclerotic process. Hardness of the water, Mn, Pb, Ni, Mn shall also become effective. The Cu-Zn-relation as factor evoking arteriosclerosis further needs analysis. The investigations concerning arteriosclerosis in the animal experiment should in future be performed by means of semisynthetic rations, in order to render the results of the experiments comparable and to be able to control the large number of evoking factors.

Animals↗