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Biomedical subjects

M Aubert

Publications and source records attributed to M Aubert.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathological findings in 165 patients explored for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility.

The pathological findings in 165 patients explored for malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptibility are reported. The first group of 120 subjects were patients investigated for MH. These patients had suffered an attack of MH under anaesthetic or were members of families in which a subject had died of MH. In vitro contracture tests revealed 25 malignant hyperthermia susceptible (MHS) subjects, with positive contracture tests for halothane and caffeine, 5 malignant hyperthermia subjects with reaction to caffeine only (MHC), 3 malignant hyperthermia subjects with reaction to halothane only (MHH) and 87 malignant hyperthermia negative (MHN) subjects with normal contracture tests. The second group of 45 subjects had exertional heat stroke. In vitro contracture tests performed at least 3 months after the exertional heat stroke revealed 11 MHS, 6 MHC, 2 MHH subjects and 26 MHN. In both groups, whatever the in vitro contracture test results, pathological findings were heterogeneous and revealed various changes: rhabdomyolysis, mitochondrial myopathy, denervation, type II atrophy, AMPase deficiency, non-specific findings or normal features. Central core myopathy was only observed in the first subgroup and was the only disease significantly associated with MH. In contrast to previous reports, this study demonstrates the absence of a specific malignant hyperthermia or exertional heat stroke myopathy. Furthermore, the discovery of MHS subjects among the EHS group of patients highlights the need for systematic exploration of all these patients.

Genetic Predisposition to Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral rabies vaccination of foxes with one or two delayed distributions of SAG2 baits during the spring.

During the spring of 1997, various protocols of rabies vaccine bait (SAG2) distribution for foxes were compared: in the first test zone, a first distribution was organised at the end of April, followed by a second distribution two weeks later; in the second test zone, there was a first distribution at the same period as for the previous zone, followed by a second distribution four weeks later, at the end of May. In two control zones, a classical single bait distribution was organised during the same periods as for the second distribution in the respective test zones. No statistical differences were observed for adult foxes or fox cubs sampled in the test and control zones neither for baits uptake nor for seroconversion rate. However, seroconversion rates observed in fox cubs population were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in areas vaccinated at the end of May (43 and 56%) compared with those vaccinated at mid-May (24 and 20%). The vaccinal efficacy of baits was also significantly (P < 0.05) increased for the fox cubs in the areas vaccinated at the end of May (46 and 57%) compared with those vaccinated at mid-May (24 and 25%). This increase in immunological response by fox cubs when vaccinating in late spring must be related to their development. In the early spring, fox cubs are generally too young to have access to baits or to be vaccinated when eating them. For most of these fox cubs, a second distribution will not constitute a booster. Therefore, in order to increase the efficient access of fox cubs to vaccine baits, Spring distribution of baits should preferably be organised during May or June rather than in April.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety evaluation of the SAG2 rabies virus mutant in Tunisian dogs and several non-target species.

The safety of the SAG2 rabies virus, a highly attenuated mutant of the SAD strain intended to vaccinate dogs by the oral route, was evaluated in local Tunisian dogs and in five other local species likely to consume vaccine baits. These species were the domestic cat (Felis catus), the jackal (Canis aureus), the jerboa (Jaculus orientalis), the merion (Meriones sp.) and the gerbil (Gerbillus campestris). The vaccine was administered orally to 21 dogs, 11 cats and eight jackals and orally or intramuscularly to 62 wild rodents of the above-mentioned species. Seven dogs, one cat, five jackals all juvenile and with poor health status) and two rodents died for intercurrent causes. The others were observed for 60-180 days. No animal showed any rabies symptom. Seroneutralizing antibodies were observed in all experimental groups, only after vaccination, with the highest rate being observed in jackals and rodents. The rabies virus was detected in the oral cavity of three cats 6 h after oral instillation, but was not isolated later either in saliva or in salivary glands. Tissue samples (brain and salivary glands) from dead or euthanized animals were examined for the rabies virus antigen by a fluorescent antibody test. No rabies antigen was detected. These trials confirm the safety of the SAG2 strain on the Tunisian species already demonstrated by other authors on many other target and non target species.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rabies oral vaccination of foxes during the summer with the VRG vaccine bait.

The vaccination of foxes by distributing vaccine baits in the environment was initiated in France in 1986. Two campaigns per year were carried out: one in the spring and one in the autumn. After the spring campaigns, only 22-52% of fox cubs consumed vaccine baits compared to 75% of the adults and 70-80% of the adults or fox cubs after autumn campaigns. In order to reduce the period of time during which fox cubs do not have access to baits and are not immunised, a vaccination campaign was organised during the summer of 1992 over a contaminated area of 25,748 km2 where vaccines had never previously been given. Vaccine bait stability was assessed during the same summer in the field and their appetence tested on captive foxes. The efficacy of the campaign was evaluated by the relative decrease in rabies incidence and the rate of bait uptake by foxes compared to those from neighbouring areas vaccinated for the first time with the same vaccine during the spring or autumn. Summer vaccination significantly increased (P < 0.01) bait uptake by fox cubs (71%) compared with spring vaccination (39%), but no significant difference was observed for adult foxes. Moreover, the decrease in rabies incidence, measured during the 6-month period following the campaigns was less pronounced after summer vaccination (49% decrease) than when the first vaccination was carried out during the spring or autumn (79 and 72% decrease, respectively). Three campaigns led to an apparent elimination of rabies when the first campaign was performed in the spring or autumn, but only to a 76% decrease in rabies incidence density index when the first campaign was performed during the summer. The high thermostability of the Raboral VRG bait permits its use during the summer for an emergency campaign. For routine vaccination plans, however, the classical calendar of spring and autumn vaccination campaigns should continue to be preferred.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vaccination of Tunisian dogs with the lyophilised SAG2 oral rabies vaccine incorporated into the DBL2 dog bait.

The protective effect of the lyophilised SAG2 oral vaccine bait DBL2, already demonstrated on laboratory dogs, needed to be verified on common Tunisian dogs. Seven Tunisian dogs consumed totally or partially one DBL2 bait containing 10(8.3) TCID50 of the highly attenuated rabies vaccine strain, SAG2. Five of the seven vaccinated animals survived a challenge administered 33 days later with a Tunisian canine street rabies virus to which five of the six controls that were not vaccinated and had no specific antibodies succumbed. The partial or total consumption of a single DBL2 bait thus conferred a protective immune response similar to that observed in laboratory dogs to dogs of poor health status. The sero-antibody response was, however, weak: only two vaccinated dogs exhibited a significant neutralising antibody response after vaccination and before the challenge, and four after the challenge.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A deep skin burn caused by the local application of a traditional oily ointment of Senegal (Carapa procera)].

Many traditional ointments are utilized in Senegal because of their local effects. We report the case of a new born girl deeply burned by the application of "Touloucouna" (Carapa Procera) on her skin. The berries of the tree contain cyclic terpens (Meliacine) well known for inducing inflammation by contact with the skin. They are most likely responsible for that burn until now, such injuries have never been described with Touloucouna.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Urinary tract infection and surgical disorders of the lower urinary tract].

Infection is a constant concern during perioperative period. Bacteremia occur during intervention and immediate postoperative period. They are the risk of acute complications, mainly septic shock with a high mortality rate. Escherichia coli is the germ most often found, then Enterococcus and other gram-negative germs. Diagnosis of an urinary infection is made difficult because the presence of a vesical catheter; so, 10(3) bacteria per ml. have to be considered as pathological. Two therapeutic behaviours can be considered in practice: suitable antibiotherapy in obvious infections, but sterilization of urines must not delay surgical intervention, short-time peri-operative prophylaxis cephalosporins of the 2nd or 3rd generation are most often utilized. Overseas, trimethoprim associated with sulfamides can be administrated per os every 2 hours before surgical intervention, at the time of anesthesia for example.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Valium-Acupan combination--its value at an isolated health center].

Twelve anaesthesias of the diazo-analgesia type have been carried out using a combination of two non depressive analgesics: a narcotic one and a powerful central one. These interventions are classified; used technique is described and results are commented on. Indications are not too painful quick surgical acts performed on patients with an empty stomach.

Anesthetics↗