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Biomedical subjects

M Aziz

Publications and source records attributed to M Aziz.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Prognostic evaluation of cell mediated immunity in leprosy and correlation with clinicopathological status of leprosy patients.

Cell mediated immunity was studied in 50 patients of leprosy and 15 control volunteers, by estimation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), total rosette forming cells (TRFC) and active rosette forming cell (ARFC) counts in vitro. PBL, TRFC and ARFC counts were slightly but not significantly increased in patients of tuberculoid leprosy (TT) and muculoanaesthetic variant of tuberculoid leprosy as compared to control group. However, gradual decrease in T-cell subsets, occurred in borderline tuberculoid leprosy (BT) as compared to tuberculoid type (TT)-(p < 0.05). Significant decrease in lymphocytes and T-cell subsets was observed in midborderline leprosy (BB), (p < 0.01):borderline lepromatous leprosy (BL), (p < 0.001) and lepromatous subpolar and polar types (LL); (p < 0.001) as compared to control group. Mycobacterium leprae (M.leprae) were positive in BT-(20%); BB-(72.7%); BL-(83.2%) and LL-(100%). Delayed hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) revealed significantly increased lepromin positivity in TT (83.3%) and BT (80%) which decreased in BB (63.6%) and BL (50%). Lepromin test showed anergic state in LL group (28.5% positivity). Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) skin test showed 100% positivity in TT group and controls while gradual significant decrease was observed from BT (p < 0.05) to LL scale (p < 0.001). Leprosy spectrum of Ridley and Jopling scale is directly co-related with inherent cell mediated immune status of the patients which has a significant prognostic role in treatment and long term management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Prognostic significance of circulating immune complexes in malignant tumours of head and neck.

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were estimated in 31 cases of head and neck malignancies by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and latex agglutination inhibition (LAI) techniques. Results were compared with 25 age and sex-matched control volunteers. Seropositivity for CIC by PEG precipitation test was 54.83% compared to 61.29% by LAI test. No positive case was detected in control group. Seropositivity for CIC by combination of both test results was 67.74%. In stage I cancer seropositivity for CIC by both techniques was 33.33%. In stage II it was 36.36% by PEG precipitation test and 45.45% by LAI test. In stage III it was 64.28% by PEG precipitation test and 71.42% by LAI test. In stage IV all cases were seropositive by both techniques. LAI test was more sensitive in CIC detection in cancer stages II and III. PEG precipitation test had the advantage of detecting quantitative CIC levels by PEG index. Follow-up in 10 postoperative cases revealed significant decline in CIC levels by both tests (p < 0.01) after 3 months of surgery; 90% patients became seronegative for CIC by PEG precipitation technique while 80% became seronegative by LAI technique. However, 15 patients were followed up after 3 1/2 years of surgery; 75% patients remained seronegative while 25% patients became seropositive by both tests and manifested clinical recurrences.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Surface epithelial tumours of the ovary.

Surface epithelial tumours (SET) constituted 65.7% of all the ovarian tumours. Benign tumours were 182 (71.9%), of low malignant potential (LMP) 11 (4.4%) and frank malignant 60 (23.7%). Maximum number of cases, 102 (40.3%) belonged to 3rd decade. Mean age for serous cystoma was 31.5% years as compared to 30.8 years for mucinous cystoma. The commonest presenting feature was the abdominal lump observed in 182 cases (71.9%) and pain in abdomen in 120 (47.4%). Serous cystomas were t he most frequent tumours and comprised of 32.21% of all the ovarian tumours or 46.01% of all the SET or 65.56% of all the cystic SET. Seventeen (11.7%) of serous tumours were bilateral. Mucinous cystomas constituted 14.55% of all the ovarian tumours or 30.8% of all the SET. These tumours were bulky (78.6%; 15 cm diameter) and multilocular (83.9%). Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma was the commonest malignant epithelial tum our (36.6%). Endometroid carcinoma comprised 3.65% of all the SET or 8.4% of all the ovarian malignancy. Squamous metaplasia was seen in one case whereas 2 cases were of mesodermal mixed tumour with heterologous element as rhabdomyosarcoma. Clear cell carcinoma, Brenner tumour and unclassified group constituted 0.79%, 1.18% and 1.58% of all SET respectively.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMed1993

Local anesthesia in cataract surgery--a comparison of different methods.

Seven groups of thirty patients undergoing cataract extraction under local anesthesia were each given different combinations of local anesthesia. These varied from a maximum approach using supra-orbital, infra-orbital and facial blocks with Hyalase, orbital compression and pre-operative Acetazolamide down to a minimum group receiving purely an infra-orbital and supra-orbital block with a Lignocaine/Bupivacaine mixture. There was no significant difference in local analgesia or in the complication rates between the seven groups. The benefits of Acetazolamide and orbital compression remain doubtful. The use of Hyalase and of a facial block resulted in fewer complications and in better akinesia.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Normothermic cardioplegia: is aortic cross-clamping still synonymous with myocardial ischemia?

The enthusiastic clinical reports on normothermic blood cardioplegia contrast with the paucity of data on the myocardial metabolic effects of this technique. The present study was therefore designed to assess whether normothermic blood cardioplegia really provides an aerobic environment during aortic cross-clamping. Thirty-one patients undergoing coronary (16 patients), valve (13 patients), and transplantation (2 patients) procedures were given continuous normothermic blood cardioplegia through the coronary sinus. Myocardial metabolism was assessed either immediately before aortic unclamping (16 patients) by collecting blood simultaneously from the cardioplegia infusion line and the aortic effluent or during reperfusion (15 patients) by collecting blood simultaneously from the radial artery and the coronary sinus. All samples were assayed for markers of anaerobiosis (blood gases, lactates), leukocyte activation (elastase), and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, vitamin E). At the end of arrest, oxygen extraction was low, whereas the production of lactates was small, thereby suggesting the efficacy of normothermic blood cardioplegia in maintaining a predominantly aerobic metabolism. This was confirmed by postarrest data, as oxygen extraction measured immediately after cross-clamp removal was unchanged from prearrest values, whereas lactate metabolism yielded transient and limited production followed by prompt recovery of normal extraction patterns. There was no release of elastase from the myocardium, which suggests adequate protection of the coronary endothelium from ischemic injury and the related increase in leukocyte activation. Likewise, postarrest coronary sinus concentrations of malondialdehyde and vitamin E were identical to the respective arterial concentrations, thereby ruling out the occurrence of intramyocardial lipid peroxidation at the time of reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Role of circulating immune-complexes as prognostic indicators of lympho-reticular and mesenchymal malignancies in children.

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were estimated in 28 cases of Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease, bone and soft tissue sarcomas in the pediatric age group by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and latex agglutination inhibition (LAI) techniques. Results were compared with 25 age-matched controls. Highly significant CIC values were obtained by LAI technique (P less than 0.01) as compared to PEG pptn technique (P less than 0.05) in malignancy. However, seropositivity for CIC in lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease was 85.71 per cent by LAI test as compared to 57.14 per cent by PEG pptn test. In sarcoma group, seropositivity for CIC was 57.11 per cent by LAI test and 28.57 per cent by PEG pptn test. Combination of both these tests increases the sensitivity of immune complex detection in serum of cancer patients. CIC begin to rise in serum in early stages of neoplastic transformation, and the level of CIC is directly proportional to proliferating tumour mass in vivo.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1992

Clinical utility and monitoring of breast cancer by circulating immune complexes.

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were estimated in 22 patients of breast carcinoma, 25 healthy control volunteers and 10 follow-up cases after mastectomy by polyethylene glycol precipitation (PEG pptn) test and Latex agglutination inhibition (LAI) test. CIC levels increased with advancing stage of breast carcinoma. Significant increase in CIC levels was observed in stage II (p < 0.01), followed by highly significant increase in stage III and IV (p < 0.01) as compared to the control group. Sharp decrease in CIC levels was observed three months after radical surgery in 9 post-operative patients. One patient remained seropositive by both tests, followed by a fatal outcome after four months follow-up. Seropositivity for CIC by PEG pptn test in patients of breast carcinoma was 72.72 percent as compared to 81.81 percent by LAI test. Combination of both tests increased total CIC positivity by 90.9 percent. Clinical utility and prognostic significance of CIC in monitoring breast carcinoma patients has been demonstrated by our study.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

HIV infection and rape.

We report the case of a woman who was found to be HIV positive after a sexual assault, in the absence of other risk factors for HIV infection. This observation and the report of one similar case support the view that HIV may be transmitted to a victim of a single sexual assault. We believe that all victims of rape should be offered a test for HIV and offered counselling. In addition to the current recommendations, the semen obtained should be tested for HIV antibodies by Western blot analysis. In the absence of clear data on safety and efficacy, we should recommend neither routine application of virucidal agents nor systematic Zidovudine (AZT) prophylaxis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Primary malignant lymphoma of the gastro-intestinal tract: a clinicopathological study of 24 cases.

Twenty-four cases of primary lymphoma of the gastro-intestinal tract were diagnosed during the period 1970 to 1991. There was a preponderance of males and the male to female ratio being 1.4:1. Age ranged from 9-70 years, mean 32.2 years. Small intestine was involved in 50% cases, large bowel in 9 cases (37.5%) and stomach in 3 cases (12.5%). There were 5 cases (20.8%) of Hodgkin's disease and 19 cases (79.2%) were of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. All cases of gastric lymphoma complained of epigastric pain, weight loss and vomiting. In lymphoma of small intestine, 8 patients complained of pain associated with vomiting and 6 patients complained of distension of abdomen. In large bowel lymphoma, pain in right iliac fossa was complained by 4 patients and bleeding per rectum by 3 patients. Out of all the 24 cases, changes in bowel habit were noted in 15 patients and occult blood was positive in 13 cases. Palpable abdominal mass was noted in 14 patients. Histomorphologically, all the 3 cases in the stomach were of lymphocytic lymphoma diffuse type. Out of 19 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 15 were of lymphocytic lymphoma and 4 were of histiocytic lymphoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Prognostic significance of circulating immune complexes in cancer patients.

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were estimated in 100 cancer patients and 25 healthy control volunteers by means of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation test and latex agglutination inhibition (LAI) test. Pathological levels of CIC were found in 47% of the patients by PEG precipitation test and in 59% of the patients by LAI test; both tests were positive in 33% of the patients. Consequently, the use of the two assays resulted in 73% seropositivity for CIC. The PEG precipitation test detects antigen-antibody complexes formed in the ratio of 2:1 (Ag2Ab), while the LAI test could detect immune complexes formed over an extended range of antigen-antibody ratio including complexes as small as 8S. CIC values were significantly higher by combined assays (P less than 0.001) as compared to individual assays (P less than 0.01) when compared with the control group. It was found that 75% of post-operative follow-up patients became seronegative for CIC in the combined assays, whereas the 25% of post-operative patients who remained seropositive for CIC showed recurrence within three months after surgery. Immune-complex deposition was demonstrated on malignant cells in vitro by direct immunofluorescence studies in 73.3% of patients, while 60% of patients revealed complement-fixing antigen-antibody complexes. It was found that 20% of patients showing positive immunofluorescence with anti-C3-antisera had decreased levels of CIC. Complement-mediated cytotoxic injury results in reduction of tumor cell mass and subsequent decrease in CIC. Necrotizing and leucocytoclastic vasculitis in the tumor mass was initiated by raised CIC levels in vivo in 71% of patients. Necrosis of malignant tumors was seen in 58% of patients, and hemorrhage in 36% of patients. These changes were considered to be an aftermath of immuno-complex vasculitis initiated by CIC.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1990

Serum leucine aminopeptidase profile in cancers of gastro-intestinal tract with special reference to hepatic metastasis.

Serum leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) was estimated in 30 cases of gastro-intestinal cancers, and compared with 50 age and sex matched controls. Highly significant increase of serum LAP was seen in 7 patients with hepatic metastasis (p less than 0.001) from adenocarcinoma of stomach, colon and rectum. The enzyme values showed a highly significant increase in carcinoma of colon, when compared with different anatomical sites of the gastro-intestinal tract (p less than 0.001). However, in adenocarcinoma of stomach and rectum, significantly increased level of serum LAP was observed (p less than 0.01) which contrasted sharply with the normal enzyme values in squamous cell carcinoma of oesophagus and anal canal.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Phagocyte metabolic functions in iron deficiency anaemia of Indian children.

Nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT) and bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes was studied in 40 patients with iron deficiency anaemia (aged 0-12 years). NBT test had a significant correlation with serum iron (P less than 0.001) in all cases of iron deficiency anemia. Haemoglobin levels less than 4 g/dl also correlated significantly with NBT score. Bactericidal activity with opsonin-coated Staphylococcus aureus was considerably decreased in severe anaemia, but no significant correlation was found with serum iron concentration (P less than 0.1). The phagocytic and bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes is dependent upon serum iron levels and is considerably reduced in iron deficient state in anaemic children.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1989

Ivermectin for human strongyloidiasis and other intestinal helminths.

Since ivermectin, a mixture of 2 closely related macrocyclic lactones, has proven highly effective against animal intestinal nematodes, trials were undertaken to determine its efficacy against human intestinal nematodes. We tested 110 patients with strongyloidiasis and 90 with enterobiasis; many had other intercurrent intestinal nematode infections. Stool examinations were done before and after patients were given a single dose of oral ivermectin capsules (50, 100, 150, or 200 micrograms/kg body wt); 55 recipients of 100 or 200 micrograms/kg doses received a second identical dose the next day. Kato and saline smears, ethyl acetate concentration, modified Baermann's technique, and Harada-Mori cultures were repeated; cure was defined as complete absence of eggs and/or larvae from stools tested 30 days after dosing. Ivermectin was well tolerated. Overall cure rates at all doses 30 days after therapy averaged 88% for strongyloidiasis, 100% for ascariasis, 85% for trichuriasis, and 85% for enterobiasis. Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus were little affected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[A study in the Ivory Coast (1985-1987) of the efficacy and tolerance of ivermectin (Mectizan) in human onchocerciasis. I. A comparative double-blind study of 220 patients with onchocerciasis treated with a single oral dose of 100, 150 or 200 mcg/kg].

Two hundred and twenty adult males living in endemic onchocerciasis areas in Ivory Coast, with a mean of 59 to 64 mf/mg of skin microfilariae, having or not ocular lesions, were divided into 4 homogeneous groups and treated by placebo or by a single oral dose of 100, 150 or 200 mcg/kg of ivermectin. Parasitological, clinical, ophthalmological, biological data were gathered before treatment (J less than 1) and at day 4 and 3, 6, 12 months post treatment. The doses of 150 to 200 mcg/kg gave the best results with a reduction of microfilariae of 75 to 79% at day 4 and of 97 to 99% at 3 months. A slight increase appears at six months reaching to 10% of the initial level, at 12 months. These posologies reduce also the number of ocular microfilariae 12 months after treatment. The percentage of patients presenting microfilariae in the cornea varies from 4 to 14% according to the given dose whereas it was initially between 26 and 33%, and in the anterior chamber from 22 to 16% instead of 62 to 67%. In patients who were still positive after treatment the detected number of ocular microfilariae was very small. Side effects starting 12 to 24 hours after treatment are similar to those appearing during the normal evolution of onchocerciasis. They were observed in 36% of subjects receiving a placebo and 56 to 65% of treated subjects. Statistically they are neither correlated with the intensity of parasitism nor to the given posology and disappear spontaneously few days later or after administration of aspirin and/or antihistaminic. Ivermectin given at a single oral dosage of 150 to 200 mcg/kg is a powerful microfilaricidal drug with a rapid and prolonged action and without major side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A study in the Ivory Coast (1985-1987) of the efficacy and tolerance of ivermectin (Mectizan) in human onchocerciasis. II. Evaluation in the light of mass campaigns on the effect of yearly or half-yearly administration of single oral doses of 100, 150 or 200 mcg/kg].

One hundred and twenty patients out of 220 in a previous study were retreated after 6 months or one year with doses of 100, 150 or 200 mcg/kg of ivermectin. The tolerance was excellent due probably to the small number of skin microfilariae obtained with the first treatment. The annual treatment with 150 to 200 mcg/kg, better than with 100 mcg/kg, keeps for the year following the second treatment the microfilariae number between 6 and 11% of the initial level. The half-yearly administration keeps it between 1 and 7% and especially 94 to 100% of these retreated patients have a level of microfilariae less than 5 mf/mg. The results obtained with the half-yearly treatment show a considerable reduction of the number of microfilariae in the anterior chamber of the eye and the percentage of positive patients. Ivermectin is a very efficient microfilaricidal drug for the treatment of onchocerciasis and the prevention of ocular complications. Its rational use in mass campaigns should reduce, if not interrupt, the transmission of this parasitic disease.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[A study in the Ivory Coast (1985-1987) of the efficacy and tolerance of ivermectin (Mectizan) in human onchocerciasis. III. The tolerance and efficacy of a single oral dose of 150 mcg/kg in children].

One hundred and three male and female children of 6 to 14 years old with onchocerciasis, having or not ocular involvement and a mean skin microfilariae level of 36.1 mf/mg, received, in October 1986, a single oral dose of 150 mcg/kg ivermectin and controlled at day 4, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months post treatment. After the last control they were retreated with the same dose. The skin microfilariae count fell down to 94% of the initial level at day 4 and to 99% at 3 months. At 6 months the microfilariae count was 2% of the initial level and 5% at 12 months. The percentage of patients having microfilariae in the anterior chamber of the eye which was 33% before treatment fell down to 6% at 12 months. The percentage of patients having microfilariae in the cornea was 39% before treatment and 18% at 12 months. In the cornea and anterior chamber there was a very reduced number of microfilariae still present. 65% of the children had lesions of keratitis before treatment and 34% two months later. Adverse effects (fever, headache, pruritus, oedemas, myalgias, arthralgias) occurred in 64% of children after the first treatment and 50% after the second. They were of weak or moderate intensity and receded rapidly after administration of aspirin and/or anti-histaminic. The administration of ivermectin is an efficient and well tolerated drug in children above 5 years old.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Serum leucine aminopeptidase estimation: a sensitive prognostic indicator of invasiveness in breast carcinoma.

Serum Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) was studied in 25 patients of breast tumors, and compared with 50 age matched controls. Clinical staging was done in 13 cases of breast carcinoma. Serum LAP was increased but not significantly in stage I (P less than 0.1), while in stage II & III, significant increase was observed (P less than 0.05), but a sharp peak was noted in stage IV with metastasis in liver (P less than 0.001). Serum LAP values were correlated with histological sub-types of breast carcinoma. Highest serum LAP values were observed in filtrating duct carcinoma with productive fibrosis (P less than 0.01), followed by medullary carcinoma and the enzyme values were slightly decreased in intraductal carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗