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Biomedical subjects

M Büttner

Publications and source records attributed to M Büttner.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Renal function and (NA+ + K+)-ATPase in chronic unilateral hydronephrosis in dogs.

Recovery of various parameters of kidney function after varying periods of complete unilateral ureteral obstruction was studied in dogs under hydropenic conditions. Changes of PAH and inulin clearance appeared to be parallel. After one week of obstruction, renal clearances of PAH and inulin were decreased to seven per cent of values measured before the obstruction period, after two weeks to four per cent and after three or four weeks to two per cent. Within 10 to 28 days after release of obstruction by cutaneous ureterostomy, PAH and inulin clearance increased to 66 per cent after one week, to 50 per cent after two weeks, to 10 per cent after three weeks with no change after four weeks of obstruction. Na+ content in the hydronephrotic kidney differed from contralateral kidneys only in the inner medulla. The affinity for ouabain (dissociation constant, KD, normal = 3.85 X 10(-9) M; hydronephrotic = 3.05 X 10(-9) M; contralateral = 7.05 X 10(-9) M) was significantly higher only in the outer medulla of contralateral kidneys. Turnover number (normal = 3.6; hydronephrotic = 5.1; contralateral = 3.4 X 10(3) min.-1) in hydronephrotic or contralateral outer medulla was not significantly different from normal. Changes in kinetic constants (association rate constant, k+1, normal = 4.49 X 10(4) M-1 sec.-1; hydronephrotic = 4.13 X 10(4) M-1 sec.-1; contralateral = 5.97 X 10(4) M-1 sec.-1; dissociation rate constant, k-1, normal = 1.03 X 10(-4) sec.-1; hydronephrotic = 1.29 X 10(-4)sec.-1; contralateral = 1.39 X 10(-4) sec.-1) were considered to be too small to be relevant. Similar changes of KD, k+1 and k-1 were observed in the renal cortex. The osmotic concentrating capacity correlated well with (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity (r = 0.85) and number of 3H-ouabain binding sites (r = 0.89) in renal outer medulla. The results indicate that recovery of osmotic concentrating capacity depends on the length of obstruction, and that a reduction of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase molecules in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is a primary factor in the decrease in the concentrating capacity of chronic unilateral hydronephrotic kidneys.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Safety and efficacy of a combined parapox/BVD vaccine.

The combination of a Bovine Viral Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease-attenuated vaccine strain with heat-inactivated parapoxvirus was tested with respect to safety and efficacy in mice, rabbits and fattening calves. The safety on this vaccine was guaranteed in mice and rabbits under laboratory conditions and in calves under field conditions. Laboratory investigations demonstrated a strong anti-BVD antibody response in rabbits compared to antibody formation after vaccination with the monovalent BVD-vaccine component. In mice the induction of high unspecific defence against heterologous viral challenge (VSV, Aujeszky) was possible only with the combined vaccine and the parapox (ORF) vaccine component. Two BVD-seronegative calves kept under isolated conditions showed high titers of BVD-neutralizing antibodies three weeks after a single vaccination with a three-fold vaccine dose. Leukopenia could not be detected in 13 randomly chosen BVD-seronegative calves on days 1, 2 and 4 after vaccination. In field trials each of the 69 (29%) BVD-seronegative calves developed high titers of BVD-neutralizing antibodies three weeks after a single (i.m.) inoculation. The same phenomenon occurred with animals which had low pre-vaccination BVD neutralizing antibodies, whereas the third group of calves with high prevaccination antibody titers had a moderate decrease in neutralizing antibodies within three weeks after vaccination. Mortality and morbidity rates in fattening farms decreased markedly after the experiment and during an observation period of one year. Improved immunological response of rabbits and cattle to a single vaccination with the combined parapox-BVD vaccine compared to a monospecific BVD vaccination was a result of immunomodulating effects of the parapox (ORF) vaccine component.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

[Ecthyma of sheep and goats].

Contagious pustular dermatitis (CPD, contagious ecthyma, Orf) is a highly contagious viral disease afflicting sheep and goats. The infectious agent is a parapoxvirus which is widespread and also contagious for humans (zoonosis). Recently the disease in sheep and goats is marked by increased incidence and severe cases which cause many losses especially among lambs in fattening farms. The immunity of once infected animals is based on cellular defense mechanisms which are very unstable. The most suitable method for the prevention of ecthyma is parenteral vaccination with attenuated live vaccines. Effective vaccination programmes should enclose the whole animal population at intervals of 6-8 months.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Sero- and immunodiagnosis in parapoxvirus infections in the human. Milker's nodes, ecthyma contagiosum contact infection].

The currently available methods for the serological and immunological diagnosis of human parapoxvirus infection (milker's nodule, farmyard pox) are demonstrated by the case of a man infected by contact with sheep carrying ecthyma contagiosum lesions. Compared to virus identification by electron microscopy, cell culture and animal experiments, identification of viral antigen in skin biopsies is equally sensitive during the first 2 weeks of the disease, whereas it is far more sensitive afterwards. The diagnosis of a parapoxvirus infection may be confirmed, even after skin lesions have healed, by assays for agglutinating, complement fixing, neutralizing and flocculating antibodies in patients' serum, the most sensitive method currently used being immunofluorescence and enzyme assays (ELISA). Additionally, antibodies on cell surfaces, which are regularly found in parapoxvirus infection, may be used to confirm the diagnosis by testing recall antigens. By means of serological assays used for routine purposes as well as by negative staining, the genus parapoxvirus can be identified, but not the species. Cross immunity between orthopoxvirus and parapoxvirus do not occur. The three species of the genus of parapoxvirus may be differentiated by DNA-hybridization techniques or by surface structure analysis using immunoelectron microscopy. According to clinical, histological, serological and electron microscopical features, the diseases caused by the three parapoxvirus species are identical in humans. The clinical entity in humans should be called farmyard pox regardless of the species of virus isolated.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Clinical, parasitological and serological studies on onchocerciasis in the Yemen Arab Republic.

Dermatological symptoms of onchocerciasis and microfilaria densities in the skin were studied in 108 infected persons in the Governorate of Taizz, and the levels of antifilarial antibodies and IgA, IgE, IgG, and IgM were determined in 75 of them. Predominantly in old men the generalized form of the disease was observed, which is characterized by symmetrical, mostly atrophic skin lesions, rather high microfilaria densities at various sites of the body and the presence of diagnostically unequivocal levels of antifilarial antibodies. In younger men, children and women of various age groups a localized form was observed, of which the typical features are: an intensely itching, mostly asymmetrical, well circumscribed onchodermatitis with or without oedema, pachydermia and darkening of the skin; considerable enlargement of several local lymph nodes; very or extremely low microfilaria density; the microfilariae are mostly restricted to the area of the skin lesion; manifestation of the microfilariae by a clear papular Mazzotti reaction after the application of microfilaricidal drugs; and diagnostically utilizable levels of antifilarial antibodies. The localized form can develop into the generalized form during later years. Intermediate and so far undefined forms, among which indeterminate forms may exist, are also seen. Patients with severe localized onchocerciasis demonstrated significantly higher antifilarial antibody levels than other infected persons. As a characteristic feature of onchocerciasis in the Yemen, onchocercomata were frequently found over the muscles of the calf, thigh and forearm distant from prominent bones. Onchocerciasis is endemic in all major wadis with permanent, westward flowing streams at altitudes of 300-1200 m between the southern Wadi Ghail and Wadi Surdud in the north and in some of their tributaries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Factors influencing dental caries in school children in a city with fluoridated water].

In a joint study by the school health and the school dental health service 4386 children were examined and their nutritional habits recorded. Analysis shows that mainly the consumption of sweets between regular meals and insufficient dental hygiene are responsible for the presence of caries. While health education for dental hygiene is presently given at school nutrition education is still a neglected subject.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Consumption of sweets and freedom from caries in Basle school children].

A sample of 1'838 school children of Basle, aged 8 to 14 years, who were examined by dentists of the school dental health service, attended at the same time a 24 hour recall interview on nutritional habits. The data show that absence of caries (among 448 or 24,4% of all) is more frequent within those children who prefer fruits instead of sugar containing sweets with and especially between the meals. Since school children are not able to distinguish well between sugar- and non-sugar containing sweets and drinks, health education on such subjects is emphasised.

Adolescent↗