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Biomedical subjects

M Barnett

Publications and source records attributed to M Barnett.

83 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Sham ingestion of alcohol in rats.

Sprague-Dawley rats were surgically fitted with gastric fistulas and their intakes of 6% ethanol measured first with the fistula closed (normal drinking) and then on three test sessions with the fistula open (sham drinking). The rats were water deprived prior to the 1-h test sessions. On the second and third sham drinking sessions, intakes of alcohol were significantly increased above those in both the closed and first open fistula session. The effectiveness of the sham ingestion preparation to minimize absorption was shown by the much lower blood alcohol levels in sham compared with real drinking rats. Thus, reduction of the postingestive effects of alcohol leads to an acquisition of increased oral consumption. The similarities and differences between sham intakes of water and alcohol are discussed.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Particulate contamination in parenteral nutrition solutions: still a cause for concern?

OBJECTIVES: In consideration of a US Federal Drug Administration recommendation that all parenteral nutrition admixtures should be administered through an in-line filtration device, this observational study examined the number, size distribution, and sources of particulate contamination in parenteral nutrition admixture infusion systems. METHODS: Samples were drawn from the terminal connection of the infusion tubing before connection to the patient. The particles were sized and counted by optical microscopy and further investigated by electron microscopy and energy disperse spectroscopy. RESULTS: Large numbers of particles were found, and information gained about their possible origin. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further support for the adoption of this Federal Drug Administration recommendation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Providing anticipatory care for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

This article describes an initiative pioneered by the Met Office which uses weekly weather forecasts to enable the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outreach team in Plymouth to target patients most at risk of developing exacerbations. An active management plan is implemented during the winter to help prevent further deterioration in the patient's condition and possible hospital admissions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mother-to-child transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I associated with prolonged breast-feeding.

OBJECTIVES: We assessed the risk of transmitting human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) through breast-feeding. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: To assess the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-I, 212 HTLV-I-seropositive women and 145 HTLV-I-seronegative women were enrolled in a prospective cohort study conducted in Kingston, Jamaica. Their offspring were examined at regular intervals, and HTLV-I serostatus was determined at each visit. RESULTS: Twenty-eight of the 181 children with at least one postnatal visit born to HTLV-I-seropositive women (and none of the children born to HTLV-I-seronegative women) were persistently seropositive and were considered HTLV-I infected (Kaplan-Meier estimated cumulative incidence, 18%; 95% CI, 12%-24%). Among children observed for at least 24 months, 19 (32%) of 60 children breast fed for 12 months or longer were HTLV-I seropositive, compared with only 8 (9%) of 86 children breast-fed for less than 12 months (relative risk, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.7-6.9). Compared with children weaned at younger ages, transmission of HTLV-I was associated with continued breast-feeding of children who were 12 to 18 months of age (relative hazard, 6.4; 95% CI, 2.1-180.2) and older than 18 months (relative hazard, 18.1; 95% CI, 1.4-29.5). Transmission was also associated with higher maternal antibody titer (a possible marker of virus load), prolonged duration of ruptured membranes during childbirth, and lower maternal income. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that limiting the duration of breast-feeding to less than 12 months for children born to HTLV-I-seropositive mothers may significantly reduce mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-I.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical pharmacology of tamoxifen in patients with breast cancer: comparison of traditional and loading dose schedules.

Tamoxifen blood levels were measured in patients with metastatic breast cancer after single-dose and continuous administration, using a traditional dose schedule of 10 mg/m2 twice daily, a single daily dose schedule of 20 mg/m2; and several loading dose schedules of 20-80 mg/m2 twice daily x 7 days, then a 20-mg/m2 single daily dose thereafter. Using the traditional 10-mg/m2 twice daily schedule, values after continuous administration at the time clinical responses were observed were greater than or equal to 10 x peak values observed after a single dose. Using a loading dose schedule of greater than or equal to 40 mg/m2 twice daily x 7 days, values known to be associated with a response were present by 3 hours, as opposed to greater than or equal to 7 days with the traditional schedule. Levels obtained at peak and trough times with the once-daily schedule suggest tamoxifen may safely be given on a once-daily basis, particularly after the first 8 weeks of therapy. Half-life of tamoxifen after continuous administration is prolonged, and levels obtained for up to 6 weeks after drug discontinuation suggest that false-negative cytoplasmic estrogen receptor (ER) determinations may be obtained if tissue for ER is sampled within 4-6 weeks of prolonged tamoxifen administration.

Breast Neoplasms↗