Biomedical subjects

M Bende

Publications and source records attributed to M Bende.

90 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Reference values for acoustic rhinometry in subjects without nasal symptoms.

Reference values for acoustic rhinometry are presented from 334 individuals without nasal symptoms between 4 years and 61 years old. There was a significant correlation between the minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) and nasal volume. Although the reproducibility of the method was good, the MCA varied widely. MCA correlated weakly to weight, height, age, and body mass index. Our data suggest that acoustic rhinometry is valuable for inter-individual comparisons.

Acoustics↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of topical decongestant on blood flow in normal and infected nasal mucosa.

The nasal mucosal blood flow was determined by means of the 133Xe wash-out method in an early stage of acute rhinitis and in health and the effect of a topical decongestant (oxymetazoline) was evaluated. During an early stage of acute rhinitis, a statistically significant increase of blood flow was found. The topical decongestant in therapeutically recommended doses decreased the blood flow significantly in acute rhinitis as well as in healthy subjects. The effect was more pronounced in acute rhinitis. The effect of oxymetazoline was dose dependent and a statistically significant decrease was found in doses of about 1/50 of the therapeutically recommended. The clinical implication is that it might be possible to reduce the dose of the decongestant in order to minimize the negative side effect of a decreased blood flow.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Blood flow in human nasal mucosa after total laryngectomy.

The blood flow in the human nasal mucosa was determined in 10 laryngectomees with the 133Xe wash-out method. The blood flow was estimated to be 19.3 +/- 2.1 ml . min-1 . (100 g)-1 (mean +/- SEM) which is significantly lower than in healthy non-laryngectomees. The decreased blood flow could be one of the explanations of the functional and morphological alterations in the nasal mucosa after total laryngectomy.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Blood flow with 133Xe in human nasal mucosa in relation to age, sex and body position.

The blood flow in human nasal mucosa was determined using the 133Xe wash-out method in 80 subjects of both sexes. The blood flow was estimated to (mean +/- SD) 33 +/- 10 ml . min-1 . (100 g)-1. A correlation was found between decreasing blood flow and increasing age. There was no difference between the sexes. The blood flow was significantly decreased in the sitting position compared to the supine position. In repeated determinations, the first recording did not disturb the second one 15 to 60 min later. The coefficient of variation was estimated to 22%. The investigation gives reference values for further studies of the blood flow in the human nasal mucosa.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A method for determination of blood flow with 133Xe in human nasal mucosa.

The 133Xe wash-out technique was used as a method for calculation of the blood flow in human nasal mucosa. The disappearance of 133Xe from the nasal mucosa was followed using scintillation detectors. In laryngectomies it was shown that the disappearance of 133Xe from the mucosa depended mainly on the blood flow. Leakage of 133Xe from the mucosa to the nasal air was unimportant. The disappearance rate of 133Xe was decreased by oxymetazoline and increased by histamine, mostly likely due to the effects of these vasoactive drugs on the mucosa blood flow. The 133Xe wash-out technique would seem to be a simple method to study nasal mucosal blood-flow changes in humans.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dose-response relationship of a topical nasal decongestant: phenylpropanolamine.

By means of anterior rhinomanometry, the decongestant effect of topically applied phenylpropanolamine (PPA) was evaluated in 40 patients with nasal obstruction. A dose-response relation was obtained for 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0% PPA solution, with the maximum effect (40% decongestion) found with the 2.5% solution. The decongestant effect was comparable to that induced by physical exercise (50% decongestion). It is concluded that PPA nose-drops are effective and offer an attractive alternative to some of the commonly used nasal decongestants.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of provoked allergic reaction and histamine on nasal mucosal blood flow in humans.

The allergic reaction in the nasal mucosa is a complex pathophysiological process with several chemical mediators involved. One of the primary mediators is histamine. This investigation was performed to study separately the effects of an allergic reaction and of histamine on the human nasal mucosal blood flow with the 133Xe wash-out method. An allergic reaction was provoked by pollen allergens and blood flow was estimated before and after provocation. In healthy subjects and in subjects with allergic rhinitis and off pollen season, the effect of histamine injected into the mucosa was studied. The allergic reaction decreased the blood flow but histamine had a converse effect in both allergic and normal subjects. This indicates that histamine alone is not responsible for the vascular effects in allergic rhinitis. Different mechanisms responsible for the decreased blood flow in the allergic reaction are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The laser Doppler flowmeter for measuring microcirculation in human nasal mucosa.

A new technique, based on the laser doppler principle, for measuring nasal mucosal microcirculation in humans, is presented. With this technique the relation between the blood flow and the temperature of the nasal mucosa was evaluated in healthy subjects exposed to peripheral cold stimulus. A decrease in blood flow and in mucosal temperature was found in all subjects when the feet were exposed to cold water for 5 min. The decrease in blood flow occurred almost momentarily and was restored to normal within the 5 min of exposure, while the drop in mucosal temperature was more gradual and persisted for a longer time. The implication of this study is that the laser doppler flowmeter seems to be a useful tool for estimation of changes in nasal mucosal microcirculation.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Nasal mucosal blood flow at rest and during exercise.

Nasal airway resistance increases at rest in the supine position and decreases during exercise due to changes of the thickness of the nasal mucosa regulated by the capacitance vessels. The resistance vessels regulating blood flow have not not been evaluated in these conditions before. In 15 healthy subjects the nasal mucosal blood flow was measured in rest and exercise with the 133Xe washout method. No change in blood flow was registered during exercise, which demonstrates that the blood flow and the blood content of the human nasal mucosa are not affected in the same way by exercise.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Contralateral effects of unilateral nasal decongestion.

The effect of topical nasal decongestants or placebo in one nasal cavity was studied by means of rhinomanometry in 61 subjects with nasal congestion. Active substance induced a decongestion on the treated side, while placebo did not. On the contralateral side, congestion was found after active substance ipsilaterally. However, it was shown that the contralateral effect was not dependent on the ipsilateral treatment, indicating that the nasal mucosa is not controlled by the state of the contralateral side.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sympathetic neurogenic control of blood flow in human nasal mucosa.

Nasal mucosal blood flow was investigated in patients undergoing a stellate ganglion blockade. Elimination of the sympathetic neurogenic control did not affect the resting blood flow in the mucosa, as registered with the 133Xe washout technique. This indicates that the basal sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity is low in the mucosal vessels that regulate blood flow. With laser doppler flowmetry, the normal pattern of spontaneous oscillations in blood flow was seen to be altered following stellate ganglion blockade. This suggests that vasomotion in the mucosa is partly dependent on sympathetic neurogenic activity. Furthermore, the decrease in blood flow normally induced by a peripheral cold provocation could not be elicited after the ganglion blockade, which means that the decrease is mediated by sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibres.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of glypressin on human nasal mucosa.

The effect of intravenous and topical glypressin, a triglycyl hormonogen of vasopressin, on the nasal mucosa was evaluated in healthy subjects. A dose-dependent reduction of nasal blood flow resulted from both intravenous and topical glypressin. The effect of the latter in gel form lasted 2 hours. Glypressin was also found to decongest the nasal mucosa. Topical application of glypressin gel might be an alternative to conventional treatment with intranasal packing in nose-bleed.

Administration, Intranasal↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Relations between blood flow and mucociliary activity in the rabbit maxillary sinus.

The effects of two sympathomimetic drugs on mucociliary activity and mucosal blood flow in the rabbit maxillary sinus were investigated by using a photo-electric technique (mucociliary activity) and laser Doppler flowmetry (blood flow). The responses produced were compared with effects of ligation of the external carotid artery. The alpha 1-agonist phenylpropanolamine (0.1-100 micrograms/kg) had no effect on the mucociliary activity, whereas the blood flow was reduced by 33.8 +/- 8.9% (mean +/- SE) when the dose was 100 micrograms/kg. The alpha 2-agonist xylometazoline (0.01-10.0 micrograms/kg) reduced mucociliary wave frequency by 21.6 +/- 4.6% (mean +/- SE) (maximum) for the dose 10 micrograms/kg. The blood flow was reduced by xylometazoline in the interval 1.0 to 10.0 micrograms/kg, with a maximum decrease of 65.8 +/- 2.6% (mean +/- SE) for the dose of 10 micrograms/kg. Ligature of the external carotid artery reduced blood flow by 76.0 +/- 4.6% (mean +/- SE), but did not significantly influence the mucociliary wave frequency. It is concluded that the decrease in mucociliary activity induced by alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists is not due to a reduced blood flow.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in human nasal mucosa during experimental coronavirus common colds.

Twenty-four adult volunteers were inoculated with nasal drops containing a coronavirus of 229E serotype to determine the differences in the clinical and physiological reactions which occur between clinically infected, sub-clinically infected and non-infected individuals. Thirteen volunteers were clinically infected, 8 had sub-clinical infections and 3 were uninfected. Nasal airway resistance and the temperature of the nasal mucosa increased in all infected subjects both with and without symptoms: the core temperature increased also but to a lesser extent. Mucosal blood flow and nasal secretion increased only in those with symptoms. The albumin content of the nasal secretion increased in the clinically infected, suggesting that it was derived, partially at least, from the circulation. The nasal cycle of variation in airway resistance between the two sides of the nose was observed in all three groups but increased only in those clinically infected.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Topical terlipressin (Glypressin) gel reduces nasal mucosal blood flow but leaves ongoing nose-bleeding unaffected.

Nasal bleeding where the lesion cannot clearly be localized is today usually treated with different forms of nasal packings which are traumatizing to the nasal mucosa and often causes the patient discomfort. In an attempt to develop a more convenient form of treatment the effect of two vasoconstrictor gels on nasal mucosal blood flow was evaluated. Terlipressin gel was shown to reduce nasal blood flow in a dose-dependent way. Therefore, this gel was chosen in a double-blind comparison with placebo in the treatment of 44 patients with posterior epistaxis. Although 50% of the patients did stop bleeding after topical gel administration into the nose there was no statistically significant difference in effect between those who received terlipressin gel and those who received placebo gel. We cannot disregard the fact, however, that the gel in itself has a beneficial effect on nose-bleeding.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between subjective nasal stuffiness and nasal patency measured by acoustic rhinometry.

Nasal geometry measured by acoustic rhinometry was compared with the subjective sensation of nasal stuffiness in healthy subjects before and after provocation with histamine. The correlation was poor at rest, but it was significant after histamine provocation in children and adults. It is easier to find a relationship between subjective and objective nasal obstruction afer inducing congestion. (American Journal of

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cytogenetical observations in two cases of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands.

The cytogenetical findings in two cases of cultured salivary polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) are reported. The first PLGA was a carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland. This had a pseudodiploid stemline characterized by extensive and complicated structural rearrangements. The chromosomal findings showed many similarities to those in the only previously studied case of PLGA (also a carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid). The results in both could fit with abnormalities superimposed on those typical of mixed tumors. The second PLGA reported derived from a minor salivary gland. It showed a completely different picture, distinguished by a hypodiploid, almost exclusively numerical, variation and the occurrence of a stemline characterized by only monosomy 22. Etiological differences were proposed as one possible explanation for the cytogenetical differences between the two types of PLGA.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Complex chromosomal changes in a primary squamous carcinoma of the parotid gland.

The chromosomal observations in a cultured primary epidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland are reported. The tumour had a flat hyper-triploid mode with 7 recurrent wholly or partially identified marker types and 7-13 additional, mostly recurrent, markers, whose origin could not be clarified. There were also many recurring numerical deviations in most tumour cells. The picture was consistent with a neoplasma in an advanced stage of chromosomal progression. So far, 6q-markers with varying morphology are the only deviations found in most types of malignant salivary tumours and, in particular, in a high percentage of adenoid-cystic carcinomas. One possible explanation for these observations is the occurrence of one or more suppressor genes in 6q which may have relevance for malignant neoplasia in salivary gland tissues.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗