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Biomedical subjects

M Bogusz

Publications and source records attributed to M Bogusz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Blood alcohol concentrations after oral alcohol administration--effect of age and sex].

Blood concentrations following oral ingestion of ethanol are lower than after intravenous injection, currently explained by first pass metabolism of ethanol in the stomach, which depends among others on the activity of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase. Since this has been shown to be different in various groups of subjects it was intended to examine the influence of age and gender on concentrations and elimination rates of ethanol after oral administration. Following the ingestion of 0.3 g ethanol/kg body weight blood concentrations in 24 volunteers (six mother daughter- and six father son pairs) were determined. 30 and 60 min after ingestation blood ethanol concentrations were significantly higher in the elderly as compared to the younger, but there was no difference between female and male subjects. The ethanol elimination rates of the four groups showed no significant difference. As known from other studies the activity of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase in women is significantly lower as compared to men; so that higher blood ethanol concentrations had to be expected. Thus the results support indirectly the hypothesis that gastric first pass metabolism is not only influenced by the activity of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase. Other possible determinants are discussed. Significant higher blood ethanol concentrations after ethanol ingestion in the elderly have to be considered for example with respect to driving ability.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Trends in occurrence of drugs of abuse in blood and urine of arrested drivers and drug traffickers in the border region of Aachen.

The region of Aachen is located in a triangle on the German, Dutch and Belgian borders and is heavily exposed to drug traffic, due to the differences in national drug policies. The analysis of toxicological casework in the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Aachen was undertaken for the period 1987-1993, i.e. 6 years before and 1 year after the partial suspension of the border control due to the Maastricht Treaty; 2653 cases were registered, among them 988 automobile drivers. The profile of the casework has changed after the opening of the border: up to 1992 most cases were obtained from the customs. In 1993 the prevalence of police samples was noticed. In the population of drivers, blood samples were only taken in 30% of all the cases. In other cases, concerning mainly motorized drug smugglers, only urine samples or seized drugs have been sent for examination. The urine samples in this group were mostly drug-positive. Drug-smuggling drivers appeared to be a risk-generating group for road traffic safety. The analyses of blood and urine samples revealed multiple drug use in most of the cases. Since 1992, a steep increase in the frequency of cocaine-positive blood samples among drivers was noticed. The results of the study indicate that the abolition of the border control affected the road traffic safety in the region of Aachen.

Automobile Driving↗
PubMed1994

Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic database of retention indices and UV spectra of toxicologically relevant substances and its interlaboratory use.

An HPLC identification system based on a 1-nitroalkane retention index scale and secondary retention index standards is described. The retention index values and spectral data for 383 toxicologically relevant compounds (therapeutic and illicit drugs, environmental toxins and endogenous compounds) are given. The retention data may be directly applied in any laboratory using any reversed-phase, base-deactivated column, provided that the standardized procedure is observed.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1992

The screening for common drugs of abuse in whole blood by means of EMIT-ETS and FPIA-ADx urine immunoassays.

The purpose of the paper was to compare the performance of ETS (EMIT) and ADx (FPIA) analyzers for screening blood samples for drugs of abuse after 2 alternative pretreatment procedures (acetone precipitation and ultrafiltration). Cannabinoids, benzodiazepines and benzoylecgonine were not detectable with both assays after ultrafiltration. The detectability of morphine in blood ultrafiltrates was distinctly lower than after acetone precipitation. The comparison of results obtained with ETS and ADx after acetone precipitation showed that ETS assay is slightly more sensitive but ADx is slightly more reproducible. Both assays may be used for blood examination with similar cut-off values. The ETS analyzer gave much better analytical performance (speed, flexibility) and lower reagent costs than the ADx analyzer.

Acetone↗
PubMed1990

The determination of drugs of abuse in whole blood by means of FPIA and EMIT-dau immunoassays--a comparative study.

Six groups of common drugs of abuse (cannabinoids, benzoylecgonine, opiates, barbiturates, benzodiazepines and amphetamines) were determined in whole blood after acetone precipitation, using enzyme multiplied immunoassay (EMIT dau) and fluorescence polarisation immunoassay (FPIA--Abbott TDx and ADx) methods. Both methods, designed primarily for urine, allowed the determination of all above mentioned class of drugs but amphetamine. Only 1 ml of a pre- or postmortem blood sample was needed. The sensitivity of cannabinoids determination was higher by FPIA. The FPIA method gave more precise results, particularly in the case of autopsy blood. The method was applied for drug screening in autopsy and police blood samples. The results (both positive and negative) were in agreement with those obtained with chromatographic methods.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1990

[Detection of morphine and codeine in blood samples with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (NCI and PCI) for differentiating codeine use from use of heroin and morphine].

Morphine and codeine were isolated from blood with C18 Bond Elut columns and derivatised with pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA). The PFPA-derivatives were examined by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using electron impact and chemical ionisation (positive and negative mode). The negative chemical ionisation, as most sensitive, was applied for the quantitation of both examined substances in forensic blood samples.

Codeine↗
PubMed1989

Effect of aging on in vivo and in vitro ethanol metabolism and its toxicity in F344 rats.

To investigate the effect of aging on ethanol metabolism, 24 male and female F344 rats aged 2 and 12 mo that were fed a laboratory diet received ethanol (1.2 and 2.5 g/kg body wt) intraperitoneally. In male rats, in vivo ethanol elimination significantly decreased according to age both at high (436 +/- 38 vs. 294 +/- 27 mg/kg.h; p less than 0.01) and low (365 +/- 19 vs. 261 +/- 8 mg/kg.h; p less than 0.01) blood ethanol concentrations. Age did not influence the specific activity of hepatic or gastric alcohol dehydrogenase, whereas the activity was significantly decreased with age in the liver (p less than 0.05) and in the stomach (p less than 0.001) when related to body weight. In addition, the activity of the hepatic microsomal ethanol oxidizing system decreased significantly according to age (8.7 +/- 0.5 vs. 6.00 +/- 0.3 nmol/min.mg micr. protein; p less than 0.001). To study the response of ethanol-metabolizing enzymes to chronic ethanol ingestion, 2- and 19-mo-old male F344 rats were pair-fed nutritionally adequate liquid diets containing 36% of total calories either as ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrate for 3 wk. In this experiment specific alcohol dehydrogenase activity was not significantly affected by age, whereas the hepatic microsomal function estimated by the determination of cytochrome P450, microsomal ethanol oxidizing system, and aniline hydroxylation as well as hepatic mitochondrial low Km-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity was found to be markedly depressed with age (p less than 0.01). Chronic ethanol consumption increased microsomal enzyme activities in older rats to levels comparable to those observed in young animals prior to ethanol administration. Chronic ethanol feeding also resulted in an increased hepatic fat accumulation, which was significantly enhanced in older rats. In contrast to male rats, in vivo ethanol metabolism was practically identical for 2- and 12-mo-old female rats. These data demonstrate an enhanced toxicity of alcohol in older compared to younger male but not female rats associated with a delay in alcohol elimination both at high and low ethanol blood concentrations and a decrease in ethanol- and acetaldehyde-metabolizing enzyme activities.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

[Poppers (isobutyl nitrite)--"the cocaine of poor people"].

The use of isobutylnitrite in homosexual populations may be a toxicological threat. Isobutylnitrite can be easily detected with modern analytical methods like IR-, UV-spectroscopy and chromatographic methods like HLPC, headspace-GC GC/MS.

Homosexuality↗
PubMed1988

Improved standardization in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using 1-nitroalkanes as a retention index scale.

A retention index scale based on 1-nitroalkanes was introduced for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The retention behaviour of nitroalkanes was examined using two different ODS-silica columns. The nitroalkanes are stable compounds having high UV absorbances at 200-220 nm. The correlation between the logarithm of the capacity factor and the carbon number was linear from the second homologue. The compounds up to 1-nitrohexane are easily available commercially, and they cover the retention range for the majority of toxicologically relevant substances. The retention indices of several test compounds showed that the scale based on 1-nitroalkanes is comparable to that based on alkyl aryl ketones, and additionally may cover the early eluted compounds, for which reference compounds on the alkyl aryl ketone scale are not available.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1987

Instrumental set-up as a factor influencing the variability of retention index values in high pressure liquid chromatography.

The influence of different laboratory set-ups on HPLC retention index values of selected acidic and basic drugs was investigated. The RI values of drugs were calculated using the alkyrarylketone scale. Two columns filled with different batches of the same Hypersil ODS phase were consecutively used in two laboratories under identical conditions, but using different instrumentation. The study showed that the different laboratory set-ups influence the precision of RI values, and the differences in column filling affect the accuracy.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1986

Multicenter evaluation of ultrafiltration, dialysis, and thermal coagulation as sample pretreatment methods for the colorimetric determination of paraquat in blood and tissues.

Three methods of sample pretreatment for the rapid colorimetric determination of paraquat were compared: ultrafiltration, dialysis, and thermal coagulation. Spiked autopsy blood and tissue samples were examined in parallel in Groningen and Krakow and some samples were interchanged. All three methods gave recoveries between 87 to 102%; accuracy at the 20-mg/L level was within 10% of the target value and coefficients of variation in the 10 to 60-mg/L range were between 3 to 15%. Determinations in blood and liver in a fatal case of Gramoxone poisoning showed excellent agreement. Because of its reliability, speed, and simplicity, ultrafiltration is the method of choice.

Colorimetry↗