Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Bruck.
We demonstrate amplification and compression of 110-nm broad spectra in a spatially dispersed amplifier for what is believed to be the first time and generate 14.8-fs pulses with 450 microJ of energy at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The amplifier concept is scalable in energy and allows for spectral shaping, which was demonstrated and compared with numerical simulations and showed excellent agreement.
BACKGROUND: Powered liposuction is a relatively new innovation for more efficient removal of adipose tissue. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of powered liposuction in removing adipose tissue when compared to traditional liposuction. METHODS: Four powered liposuction devices were evaluated in the power on mode vs. the power off. The fat extracted in each of these modes was measured in a mucous specimen trap. RESULTS: There was increased fat extraction in the powered mode for all instruments. The increased rate of fat extraction varied from 20 to 45% between instruments. the overall increased extraction in powered vs. nonpowered mode was 30%. CONCLUSION: The powered liposuction devices tested significantly increase the efficacy of subcutaneous fat removal during liposuction.
Six-year-old children's ability to categorize words on the basis of vowel categories was examined at the beginning of first grade and again after 6 months of formal schooling. The potential effects of relative proximity of vowels in the vowel space, of syllable structure, and of input phonology were assessed. Also, the effect of literacy instruction on vowel categorization and the relationship of vowel categorization with vowel spelling and reading skill were investigated. Results indicate that the ability to categorize vowels does not develop uniformly but is affected by the degree of spectral/articulatory proximity between vowels, by syllable structure, and potentially by characteristics of the input phonology. Error analyses further indicate that children have fuzzy category boundaries between vowels adjacent on the height continuum. The pattern of results on oral categorization and written tasks suggests a reciprocal relationship. Categorization ability improved after 6 months of schooling. However, vowels that children found more difficult to categorize were also more difficult to read and spell.
Preschool children (aged 3 to 6 years) participated in a magic show. Later, the children were given repeated true and false reminders about the show. Half the children were asked to draw these true and false reminders (drawing condition) and half the children were asked questions about the reminders but not to draw them (question condition). Later, children in the drawing condition had better recall of true reminders than children in the question group; however, children in the drawing group also recalled more false reminders than children in the question group. Finally, although children in the drawing group had better memory of the source of the reminders than children in the question group, both groups equally reported that the false reminders actually happened.
The influence of anatomically detailed dolls on 3- and 4-year-old children's reports of a routine medical exam was examined. During the exam, half the children received a genital examination and half the children did not. Immediately after the exam, all children were asked to demonstrate various events on an anatomically detailed doll and on their own bodies. Although there were age differences in the number of accurate demonstrations of how the doctor used different instruments, there were no age differences on measures that assessed reports of genital touching. Among girls, commission errors were more frequent when dolls were used because some children falsely showed insertions into the anal or genital cavity. The authors conclude that dolls should not be used in interviews with children below the age of 5 years.
In this review, we describe a shift that has taken place in the area of developmental suggestibility. Formerly, studies in this area indicated that there were pronounced age-related differences in suggestibility, with preschool children being particularly susceptible to misleading suggestions. The studies on which this conclusion was based were criticized on several grounds (e.g. unrealistic scenarios, truncated age range). Newer studies that have addressed these criticisms, however, have largely confirmed the earlier conclusions. These studies indicate that preschool children are disproportionately vulnerable to a variety of suggestive influences. There do not appear to any strict boundary conditions to this conclusion, and preschool children will sometimes succumb to suggestions about bodily touching, emotional events, and participatory events. The evidence for this assertion is presented in this review.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The case history of Peucedanum carvifolia Vill. and Selinum carvifolia L. (Apiaceae/Umbelliferae) is on one hand the occasion for a first attempt of a historical review of H.J.N. Crantz's (1722-1797) publications on the Umbelliferae, and on the other hand the opportunity for a discussion of the taxonomical and nomenclatural peculiarities of both species.
Dragon's blood, a red resin, which is often used as a dry powdered "herbal" remedy in traditional medicine, has different origins which are briefly discussed. This contribution however focuses on the species of the genus Dracaena Vand ex L., belonging to the Agavaceae and native to the Old World and the Canary Islands. H.J.N. Crantz, a botanist and medical doctor turned pharmacologist (born in 1722 near Luxembourg), had published a brief and very uncommon treatise on this group of plants, which he only knew from botanical gardens. The pharmacognostical and historical background of dragon's blood use is at the core of this contribution--the drug itself being of no major importance in today's medical care.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Fuzzy-trace theory has been developed by Brainerd and Reyna (1998, this issue) to explain a variety of findings. Here we explore the way that fuzzy-trace theory handles three phenomena concerning the creation and maintenance of false memories. We show that fuzzy-trace theory can account for seemingly paradoxical findings, thus providing theoretical clarity that has heretofore been lacking in the developmental literature.
In this article, some issues, concerns, and research regarding the interviewing of young child witnesses are reviewed. The article focuses on research on suggestibility and the influence of various interviewing techniques on the reliability and credibility of young children's reports. Implications of this research for future research and for policy are discussed.
A rabbit liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase cDNA that is related to human and rat UGT1A7 has been identified. The predicted amino acid sequence of the UGT1A71 displays 80% similarity to that encoded by human HP4 (UGT1A9), but 81% to that predicted for human UGT1A7 and 77% to the rat UGT1A7 (UGTA2). The exons encoding human UGT1A7 and rat UGTA2 are the seventh of the series of cassette exons that flank the 3' common exon series of the UGT1A locus. Southern blot analysis demonstrates that the exon sequence encoding UGT1A71 is part of a larger cluster of highly related genes. The UGT1A71 RNA is expressed in both neonatal and adult liver, and unlike rat UGT1A2 which is inducible with Ah receptor ligands such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, rabbit UGT1A7 is not regulated when animals are exposed to these inducers. Following expression of UGT171 in COS-1 cells, glucuronidation activity was identified for small phenolic molecules like 4-nitrophenyl, bulky phenols as represented by 4-hydroxybiphenol and octylgallate, as well as 4-hydroxyestrone. In addition, UGT1A71 possesses catalytic activity toward tertiary amines like the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine. The pattern of UGT1A71 glucuronidation is similar to that observed for human UGT1A9, except tertiary amines are not subject to glucuronidation by human UGT1A9. Glucuronidation of tertiary amines is catalyzed principally by human UGT1A4 as well as rabbit UGT1A4. Although rabbit UGT1A7 catalyzes the formation of quarternary ammonium glucuronides, the Vmax is considerably less than that observed for rabbit UGT1A4. Overall, the characterization of rabbit UGT1A7 suggests that this protein represents the ortholog of the human UGT1A7, which to date has not been identified.
A rabbit liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase cDNA that is related to human and rat UGT1A7 has been identified. The predicted amino acid sequence of the UGT1A7l displays 80% similarity to that encoded by human HP4 (UGT1A9), but 81% to that predicted for human UGT1A7 and 77% to the rat UGT1A7 (UGTA2). The exons encoding human UGT1A7 and rat UGTA2 are the seventh of the series of cassette exons that flank the 3' common exon series of the UGT1A locus. Southern blot analysis demonstrates that the exon sequence encoding UGT1A7l is part of a larger cluster of highly related genes. The UGT1A7l RNA is expressed in both neonatal and adult liver, and unlike rat UGT1A2 which is inducible with Ah receptor ligands such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, rabbit UGT1A7l is not regulated when animals are exposed to these inducers. Following expression of UGT1A7l in COS-1 cells, glucuronidation activity was identified for small phenolic molecules like 4-nitrophenol, bulky phenols as represented by 4-hydroxybiphenol and octylgallate, as well as 4-hydroxyestrone. In addition, UGT1A7l possesses catalytic activity toward tertiary amines like the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine. The pattern of UGT1A7l glucuronidation is similar to that observed for human UGT1A9, except tertiary amines are not subject to glucuronidation by human UGT1A9. Glucuronidation of tertiary amines is catalyzed principally by human UGT1A4 as well as rabbit UGT1A4. Although rabbit UGT1A7l catalyzes the formation of quarternary ammonium glucuronides, the Vmax is considerably less than that observed for rabbit UGT1A4. Overall, the characterization of rabbit UGT1A7l suggests that this protein represents the ortholog of the human UGT1A7, which to date has not been identified.
Because of its efficient antiseizure activity, intravenous phenytoin remains a major agent in acute therapy, although it is associated with many pharmacokinetical and toxicological problems. This contribution focuses on the difficulties in finding the appropriate mode of intravenous administration, a matter which is of considerable clinical importance. The fact that precipitations of phenytoin occur when the product is incorrectly diluted is common knowledge--yet the pharmacy department is frequently contacted because of an improper handling of the products available. A review of the factors contributing to precipitation problems, the i.v. products in use in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg and the possible i.v. dilutions for these products are discussed.