Impacted oesophageal foreign body treated with endoscopic technique.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
M Chandra
Publications and source records attributed to M Chandra.
Utility of semithin sections in the diagnosis of donovanosis.
The relative merits of tissue smears, paraffin sections and semithin plastic embedded sections in the diagnosis of donovanosis were assessed. In three cases reported negative or doubtful for the organisms by the former two methods, semithin plastic sections provided definite diagnosis. The latter method revealed in addition the organisms in epidermis and perivascular locations. From amongst the three stains: toluidine blue, Leishman's and thionine azure II basic fuchsin, the last mentioned was found to be the method of choice for demonstrating the organisms differently from the host cells.
Calymmatobacterium↗
Effect of variable doses of aspirin on platelet functions.
Serial platelet functions were studied after various single doses of aspirin (75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg, and 600 mg) in 20 males. Clotting time and platelet counts remained unchanged. Significant deaggregation of platelets occurred only with 600 mg of aspirin. This persisted on day '3'. Platelet factor-3 release time was prolonged till day '3' with only 150 mg and 600 mg doses of aspirin. In view of these findings it appears that 600 mg aspirin given every 4th day is more suited for significant antiplatelet effect.
Aspirin↗
Platelet serotonergic mechanisms and glomerulonephritis.
Proven cases (28) of glomerulonephritis (GN) were evaluated for clinico-biochemical profile, bleeding time, platelet count, platelet aggregation and platelet serotonergic mechanisms. Inordinate increase in platelet aggregation and altered platelet serotonergic mechanisms (reduced 5-HT, uptake, reduced intraplatelet 5-HT and increased plasma 5-HT) were demonstrated in some histopathological types of GN. The mechanisms and importance of these alterations have been discussed.
Bleeding Time↗
Comparative study of alginate and non-alginate antacids concurrently administered with H2 antagonists in cases of duodenal ulcer.
In an open comparative study in endoscopically proven cases of duodenal ulcer, concomitant therapy of H2 antagonist was initiated in two randomly allocated, homogenous patient groups, ie, H2 A + RF alginate antacid (Riflux Forte, Sol Pharmaceuticals Ltd) or H2 A + S non-alginate antacid (Siloxogene, Searle Ltd), both Riflux Forte and Siloxogene having similar compositions of antacids. Overall clinical assessment, percentage improvement, assessment of individual clinical symptoms, global assessment and endoscopic assessment all showed that Riflux Forte and Siloxogene together with H2 antagonist are significantly effective in providing a progressive symptomatic relief in duodenal ulcer cases over an evaluable period of eight weeks. Although differences between Riflux Forte and Siloxogene were not statistically significant, a definite trend of more rapid and favourable responses was seen with Riflux Forte, demonstrating the role played by therapy in preventing reflux and stopping the acid pain cycle.
Adolescent↗
Diagnostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen assay of pleural & peritoneal effusions in malignancy.
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assays were performed on effusion fluid and plasma samples of 55 patients; 38 with malignant and 17 with benign disease. Sensitivity of plasma CEA was 60.5 per cent while specificity was 76.5 per cent. Sensitivity of effusion fluid CEA was 52.63 per cent but specificity was 100 per cent. Sensitivity of the cytological examination of the fluid was 60.5 per cent and no false positive diagnosis was made. Detection rate of malignancy increased to 81.6 per cent (31 of 38) when cytology and effusion fluid CEA were used in adjunction for diagnosis, with 100 per cent specificity.
Ascitic Fluid↗
Ultrastructural changes in parietal cells in iron deficiency anemia.
Eighteen patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and 14 age and sex matched control subjects were studied with regard to ultrastructural changes in parietal cells. The control subjects had normal hemoglobin and serum iron levels and endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Thirteen cases of iron deficiency anemia had chronic superficial gastritis on light microscopy. Ultrastructural abnormalities in the parietal cells, such as indented or pyknotic nucleus with irregular outline, grossly distorted canalicular system, abnormal large empty spaces in the cytoplasm and paucity of mitochondria, were demonstrated in all IDA patients but not in controls. The presence of superficial gastritis and ultrastructural changes were not related either to hemoglobin or serum iron levels in the IDA group.
Adolescent↗
An ultrastructural study of donovanosis.
In an ultrastructural study undertaken on donovanosis, the inflammatory response was studied along with the fine structure of causative organisms, Calymmatobacterium granulomatis. Macrophages were seen to be activated and showed presence of numerous filopodia and increase in the number of lysosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Many cells showed vacuoles of varying size in the cytoplasm some of which contained the organisms. Other cells seen included plasma cells, polymorphonuclear cells and sparse lymphocytes. In one case few multinucleated giant cells and dendritic cells with long cytoplasmic processes making cell-cell contact with other inflammatory cells were seen. Such cells have not been described in donovanosis so far. The organisms showed surface structures like pili and vesicles, the role of which is yet to be clearly understood.
Calymmatobacterium↗
Relation of serum erythropoietin levels to renal excretory function: evidence for lowered set point for erythropoietin production in chronic renal failure.
The relationship of serum erythropoietin (Ep) levels to hematocrit and glomerular (GFR) filtration rate was evaluated in patients with chronic renal disease. The Ep level was measured by radioimmunoassay in 119 blood samples from 48 patients obtained over a period of up to 5 years. Hematocrit values correlated significantly with the GFR, but serum Ep levels did not change with a decline in the GFR. Significant anemia was noted only when the GFR fell below 20 ml/min/1.73 m2. Episodes of spontaneous acute hypoxic stress were observed in six patients with chronic renal failure. Serum Ep levels obtained during these episodes (mean +/- SEM: 273 +/- 76 mU/ml) were tenfold higher than Ep levels during stable steady-state chronic renal failure (26 +/- 6 mU/ml), even though Ep levels were inappropriately low for the degree of anemia in the stable state. Our findings suggest that the tissue oxygenation-Ep-hematocrit feedback mechanism operates at a lower set point in patients with chronic renal failure in comparison with normal subjects.
Adolescent↗
Reduction in liver iron in hemodialysis patients with transfusional iron overload by deferoxamine mesylate.
Four hemodialysis patients with transfusional iron overload were treated with three times weekly intravenous (IV) deferoxamine mesylate during the dialysis treatment. Using a gamma ray scattering technique, significant reductions in liver iron content were documented, with a mean follow-up of 20 months. Three of the four patients showed significant improvements in liver enzymes. This decrease in liver iron content could not be predicted by clinical parameters or serum ferritin. Therapy proved to be safe and effective, but follow-up requires monitoring of tissue iron by means other than standard laboratory tests.
Adult↗
Serum erythropoietin levels and hematocrit in end-stage renal disease: influence of the mode of dialysis.
Serum erythropoietin (Ep) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 70 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) to evaluate the influence of the mode of dialysis on the relationship between serum Ep levels and the severity of anemia. Thirty-five patients were on hemodialysis (HD), seven were on intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD), and 28 were on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Compared to HD, CAPD patients had higher serum Ep (CAPD), 46.1 +/- 13.4 v HD, 16.9 +/- 2.2 mU/mL) and hematocrit (CAPD, 33.9 +/- 2.5 v HD, 24.8 +/- 1.4%; P less than 0.05). The Ep and Hct values for IPD patients were intermediate between the other two groups. Serum Ep levels were higher in CAPD patients in the first 4 weeks of initiation of CAPD (144 +/- 35 mU/mL, n = 6) than later (39 +/- 6.4 mU/mL, n = 24). A significant fluctuation in serum Ep and Hct values was noted in patients on all three modes of dialysis, when multiple samples were obtained at different time intervals. There was a weak correlation between serum Ep and Hct in the three groups of dialysis patients; r = 0.36, P less than 0.005. The data suggest that CAPD provides a better biochemical milieu for Ep production and responsiveness than HD treatment of ESRD.
Adolescent↗
Transfer of experimental glomerulonephritis in chickens by mononuclear cells.
We have produced experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis (EAG) in histocompatible SC chickens by immunization with different types of glomerular antigen. The development of EAG was time, but not antigen, dependent. Transfer of mononuclear cells from spleens and kidneys of nephritic animals resulted in EAG in naive recipients. Transferred EAG developed earlier than in immunized donors and was not associated with circulating or bound anti-GBM antibodies. Control recipients did not develop disease from control cells alone, soluble antigen, or antigen plus control cells. The cells which transferred EAG appeared morphologically by light and electron microscopy to be lymphocytes, sedimented as lymphocytes, were positive with anti-serum to thymocytes but negative with anti-bursa anti-serum, stained as T-cells with monoclonal antibodies and underwent blast transformation in response to mitogen and GBM antigen. Other organ specific diseases have been transferred by cells alone; to our knowledge this is the first description of glomerulonephritis transferred by cells alone. This new pathogenetic process may play an important role in the development of glomerulonephritis in other animal models as well as in humans.
Animals↗
Experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis in chickens: I. Influence of source of antigen, dose and adjuvant.
Autoimmune glomerulonephritis was induced in chickens by immunization with human, bovine, turkey or chicken glomeruli in CFA. The influence of dose and of the pertussis vaccine was evaluated in two other separate experiments. The highest incidence of glomerulonephritis was observed in chickens immunized with human glomeruli, followed in descending order by bovine, chicken and turkey glomeruli. Capsular adhesions were seen in the last three groups. Epithelial crescents were seen only in the group immunized with chicken glomeruli. Interstitial lymphocytic infiltration was seen in 54% and 71% of chickens immunized with bovine and chicken glomeruli, respectively. The severity of the disease increased with time and the number of immunizations. IgG deposits on the GBM were seen in 92% (22/24), 54% (13/24), 50% (12/24) and 33% (8/24) of animals immunized with human, bovine, turkey and chicken glomeruli, respectively. Severity of disease was directly related to the amount of glomeruli injected. However, IgG deposits showed an inverse correlation with antigen dose. The disease was always less severe in chickens immunized with bovine glomeruli-CFA plus pertussis, as compared to bovine glomeruli-CFA immunized chickens. These studies demonstrate that the type of GBM antigen and immunization method play a significant role in the resultant histologic lesions in this model, and define conditions for optimal production of disease.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis in chickens. II. Adoptive transfer of disease with mononuclear cells.
Autoimmune glomerulonephritis was induced in donor chickens by immunization with chicken, human, turkey or bovine glomeruli. Lymphocytes from the kidneys of each group and the spleen of donors immunized with chicken glomeruli were isolated and injected intravenously into six-week old syngeneic SC chickens. The disease was transferred to bursectomized/non-bursectomized recipients by cells from donors immunized with chicken and bovine glomeruli but not by cells from chickens immunized with human and turkey glomeruli. The transferred disease correlated with interstitial infiltrates in donors. No antibody was detected on the glomerular basement membrane or in the circulation of any recipients. Glomerulonephritis in this model can be transferred by specifically sensitized T lymphocytes alone without antibody. This new pathogenic process may play an important role in the development of glomerulonephritis in other animal models as well as in man, where minimal or no immune deposits are observed despite glomerulonephritis.
Animals↗
Comparative nephropathogenicity of infectious bronchitis virus in bursectomized and nonbursectomized chickens.
A study was conducted to compare the responses of bursectomized (Bx) and nonbursectomized (non-Bx) specific-pathogen-free male chickens to Australian T strain of infectious bronchitis virus. Four chickens from each group were killed at 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after conjunctival inoculation of the virus. Clinical signs and gross and microscopic lesions were more severe in Bx than in non-Bx chickens. The non-Bx chickens had linear IgG deposits along the renal tubules. Virus-neutralizing titers were log10 2.74 to 4.33 for non-Bx chickens and less than log10 1.25 for the inoculated Bx and for broth-inoculated Bx and non-Bx chickens (controls). Early in the disease, renal lesions were of the same type in all infected chickens, but were more severe in Bx chickens. Later, nephritis was chronic and active in Bx chickens and was chronic in non-Bx chickens.
Acute Disease↗
Atenolol vs captopril as monotherapy in mild to moderate hypertension: alternative to empirical step care approach.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic renal failure: the role of erythropoietin.
In summary, the anemia of CRF results from several interactive processes, chief among these inadequate Ep production relative to the degree of anemia. The anemia of renal failure can be regarded as an endocrine deficiency state, which is corrected by the specific replacement therapy. The advances of molecular biology have provided a biosynthetic Ep, a potent tool for correction and prevention of the anemia of renal failure. However, new problems often arise as new treatments become available. The rapid improvement in hematocrit and the resultant lowering in plasma volume may affect dialysis clearances in hemodialysis patients. Since the well-being and appetite of the patients improves as the hematocrit rises, newer methods to increase the weekly dialysis clearances will be needed to prevent the complication of underdialysis in these patients.
Anemia↗
Non-Q-wave myocardial infarction-current status.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Electrocardiography↗