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Biomedical subjects

M Chandra

Publications and source records attributed to M Chandra.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia: a syndrome reconsidered.

Five infants, three dying neonatally and two later in the first year of life, had renal, hepatic, and pancreatic dysplasia, a combination of abnormalities first described by Ivemark et al [1959]. The renal malformation consisted of cystic dysplasia, with abnormally differentiated ducts, deficient nephron differentiation, and glomerular cysts. The hepatic abnormality consisted of enlarged portal areas containing numerous elongated biliary "profiles," with a tendency to perilobular fibrosis. Serial liver biopsies in one child with cholestasis from birth showed a progression from bile duct paucity at 1 1/2 wk to typical biliary "dysgenesis" at 7 mo. Four of the five children had intrahepatic ductal dilatation, diagnosed ante mortem in the two older children as Caroli disease. The pancreatic abnormality consisted of fibrosis and cysts, with a diminution of parenchymal tissue. The clinical and functional reflection of these abnormalities in the two children surviving the newborn period included renal insufficiency, chronic jaundice, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Similar renal, hepatic, and pancreatic abnormalities occur in other syndromes, including trisomy 9, Meckel syndrome, Jeune, Saldino-Noonan, and Elejalde types of chondrodysplasia, and glutaric aciduria II. After exclusion of identifiable syndromes, the remaining cases of renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia do not necessarily constitute a homogeneous group.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

Role of erythropoietin in the reversal of anemia of renal failure with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

We report serum erythropoietin levels in a patient who showed significant improvement in hematocrit when switched from hemodialysis to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment. This 22-year-old woman had severe anemia and low serum immunoreactive erythropoietin levels (8.0 +/- 1.2 mU/ml; n = 5) while on hemodialysis for 7 years. Serum erythropoietin levels were 80 and 177 mU/ml, 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, after starting CAPD. This was followed by an increase in reticulocyte count from 3.9 to 22% and hematocrit from 19 to 48%. The serum erythropoietin concentration obtained on CAPD treatment (62.7 +/- 15.2 mU/ml; n = 9) was significantly higher than that obtained on hemodialysis. Our findings indicate that CAPD facilitates increased erythropoietin production compared to hemodialysis and that the anemia of uremia may reverse if sufficient erythropoietin is available.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Comparative nephropathogenicity of different strains of infectious bronchitis virus in chickens.

Two-week-old White Leghorn chickens were injected intravenously with Australian T, Holte, Gray, and M 41 strains of infectious bronchitis virus. A total of 100, 90, 85, and 20% of the chickens infected with Australian T, Holte, Gray, and M 41, respectively, had variable degrees of nephritis. The Australian T strain induced the most rapid and the most severe kidney lesions followed by Holte, Gray, and M 41 in descending order.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Splenic hypofunction in the nephrotic syndrome of childhood.

The reticuloendothelial system, including the spleen, subserves important immunologic functions. Loss of splenic function results in an increased incidence of severe bacterial infections and is accompanied by thrombocytosis. Several nephrotic children were noted to have remarkably high platelet counts and predisposition to bacterial infection with encapsulated organisms. We, therefore, investigated the splenic function of nine children with primary nephrotic syndrome and measured the phagocytic function of the spleen by sequestration of Technetium-99-labelled heat-treated autologous RBC, administered intravenously. Four children had decreased splenic function. Repeat studies performed in two of these children after remission of the nephrotic syndrome gave normal results. There were six episodes of bacterial infection (3 peritonitis, 1 septic arthritis, 1 cellulitis, and 1 Escherichia coli urinary tract infection) among the four patients with decreased splenic function. There were no episodes of bacterial infection among the five nephrotic children with normal splenic function. Nephrotic patients with decreased splenic function had significantly increased platelet counts (921,000 +/- 196,000; mean +/- SEM) compared to those with normal function (435,000 +/- 46,000; P less than 0.001). Our findings suggest the possibility that some nephrotic children may have decreased splenic function in association with increased susceptibility to bacterial infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Upper- vs lower-limb systolic blood pressure in full-term normal newborns.

The difference between upper- vs lower-limb systolic blood pressure (BP) was investigated in 100 normal full-term newborns younger than 24 hours of age by the oscillometric method. The mean systolic BP of both upper limbs was 72.3 +/- 7.6 mm Hg (mean +/- SD). The mean +/- SD systolic BP of both lower limbs was 71.3 +/- 8.2 mm Hg. Systolic BP in the upper limb was greater than that in the lower limb in 66% of newborns by as much as 20 mm Hg (mean +/- SD, 3.5 +/- 3.1). Systolic upper-limb BP was lower than systolic lower-limb BP in 28% of newborns by as much as 21 mm Hg (mean +/- SD, 5.1 +/- 5.1). Systolic BP did not correlate with birth weight. Follow-up evaluation of BP in 25 of the infants up to 3 years of age revealed higher systolic BP in the lower extremities in 24 of the 25 infants. We conclude that (1) it is normal to have a higher systolic BP in either the upper limb or the lower limb in newborns younger than 24 hours of age, and (2) there is no correlation of systolic BP with birth weight in full-term normal neonates younger than 24 hours of age.

Arm↗
PubMed1985

Involvement of catecholamines and serotonin in human hypertension.

Lumber cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of metabolites of noradrenaline, adrenaline and serotonin were estimated in patients of sustained hypertension (n = 20), and healthy controls (n = 15). Platelet uptake of serotonin and its basal contents were also estimated in the same individuals. CSF 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid level (5-HIAA) (major metabolite of serotonin) was significantly higher in hypertensives than controls (p less than .01). CSF 3-methoxy, 5-hydroxy phenyl glycol (MHPG) (major metabolite of adrenaline and noradrenaline) level was also raised significantly in cases of hypertension (p less than .01). However, platelet uptake of serotonin as well as its basal contents in hypertension were significantly lower than controls (p less than .01). It can thus be postulated that there exists an increased central serotonergic and catecholaminergic activity in hypertension. Furthermore, alterations observed in platelet serotonin uptake and its basal content suggest the involvement of platelet serotonergic system in hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Serum immunoreactive erythropoietin levels in patients with polycystic kidney disease as compared with other hemodialysis patients.

Serum erythropoietin levels were randomly collected and measured by a sensitive radioimmunoassay in a hemodialysis population. For analysis, the patients were divided into two groups: those with polycystic kidney disease and those with other kidney diseases. In 12 polycystic kidney disease patients, serum erythropoietin was 22.6 +/- 2.4 mU/ml, hematocrit 29.7 +/- 1.0%, and absolute reticulocyte count 17.0 +/- 4.1 X 10(4)/microliters. In 24 other kidney disease patients, serum erythropoietin was 12.4 +/- 0.7 mU/ml, hematocrit 21.2 +/- 0.8%, and reticulocyte count 7.5 +/- 1.5 X 10(4)/microliters. Serum erythropoietin was 18.5 +/- 0.7 mU/ml in normal controls. Polycystic kidney disease patients manifested higher hematocrit, reticulocyte counts, and serum erythropoietin levels when compared to other kidney disease patients (p less than 0.01). The data suggest (1) an inappropriately low serum erythropoietin level for the severity of anemia in uremic hemodialysis patients and (2) that greater availability of erythropoietin results in more effective erythropoiesis, even in the uremic environment.

Adolescent↗