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Biomedical subjects

M Chatani

Publications and source records attributed to M Chatani.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Radiation therapy of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Treatment results and prognostic factors.

Between September 1977 and December 1989, 89 consecutive patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with radiation therapy. The study comprised of 66 males and 23 females; their ages ranged from 17 to 80 years (mean 55 years). Five-year survival rates according to stage were as follows: stages I and II (n = 10), 90%; stage III (n = 10), 43%; stage IV (n = 69), 47%. The important prognostic factors for predicting poor prognostic in this series, which were shown by stepwise proportional hazard (Cox) model, were the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neck node involvement. LDH level also influenced nodal failure (p = 0.0002) and distant metastasis (p = 0.006).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Radiation therapy for early glottic carcinoma: indication for the wedge filter.

From 1977 to the end of 1987, 244 patients with early glottic carcinoma (T1N0M0) were treated with radiation therapy. For 95 patients (group A), a styrofoam head holder and band were used to ensure immobilization during treatment without a wedge filter and for 149 patients (group B) a shell fixing devise and wedge filter were used. Total radiation dose administered was 50 to 70 Gy over a period of five to seven weeks with fields of 5 x 5 cm (group A) and 5 x 5 cm (group B1: n = 74) or 6 x 6 cm (group B2: n = 75). The five-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rates for group A and B were 85% and 90%, respectively, and RFS was essentially the same (p = 0.241). In group B, RFS was also basically the same for groups B1 and B2 (p = 0.78). According to tumor size, however, in patients with large T1a lesions (total length of one vocal cord) five-year RFS rates for groups A and B were 62% and 88%, respectively, and RFS was statistically significantly different (p = 0.003). Up to five years, seven patients (9%) of group A and 23 patients (17%) of group B showed minor chronic complication. As a minor chronic complication, arytenoid edema was found more frequently in group B (n = 15) than group A (n = 0). Eleven of these 15 cases were treated with large field (6 x 6 cm). For large T1a lesions of glottic carcinoma, a wedge filter was useful. A small field (5 x 5 cm) with an appropriate angle of wedge filter is recommended to avoid late arytenoid edema and achieve a more homogeneous dose distribution.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Radiation therapy for larynx carcinoma: long-term results of stage I glottic carcinoma.

From November 1977 through March 1982, 95 patients with early glottic carcinoma (T1N0M0) were treated with radiation therapy. Total radiation dose administered was 50 to 70 Gy over five to seven weeks period with fields of 5 x 5 cm2. Actuarial five- and ten-year survival rates were 81% and 76%, and five- and ten-year relapse free survival rates were 85% and 83%, respectively. Radiation failures were surgically salvaged in 93% (14/15) and ultimate locoregional control rate was 97% (92/95). The rate of voice preservation was 86% (82/95). As a minor chronic complication polypoid lesion and impaired mobility of vocal cord was found in 9% (seven cases) and 5% (four cases) of patients without local recurrence. We need long-term follow-up after radiation therapy for the locoregional control and keeping the quality of voice.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1992

[Indication and problems of radiation therapy of elderly patients with cancer].

The incidence of cancer and the patients treated with radiation therapy increased with age. Of 5778 patients treated with radiation therapy at the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, 37.5% are over 65, and 10.8% are over 75 years old. Older patients with cancer have a lower survival rate. Patients over the age of 75 with carcinoma of the pharynx, esophagus, lung, and uterine cervix have decreased survival compared with younger patients. However, for the patients with carcinoma of the larynx, age is not a determinant of prognosis. With respect to radiation therapy, it is not clear whether elderly patients differ from younger ones in responsiveness. However, a decreased tolerance for radiation therapy might be expected and under-dosing with radiation therapy may be more prevalent. More study of the optimal management of elderly patients with cancer is needed.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Radiation therapy for the supraclavicular lymph node metastasis after curative resection of the esophageal carcinoma.

172 patients underwent curative resection for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The five-year actuarial survival rate was 38%. 21 of 27 patients who developed nodal metastasis of the supraclavicular lymph node were irradiated with a total dose of 40 to 70 Gy over four to seven weeks. This retrospective study showed the following results: 1. Complete response by radiation therapy was obtained 4/4 in tumor size within 2 cm, 7/10 in 2.1 to 5.0 cm with a total dose of 60 to 70 Gy, while 1/5 with a total dose of 40 to 56 Gy. 2. There were statistically significant differences of survival curves between multiple metastases and single metastasis of the supraclavicular lymph node (p less than 0.01).

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Incidence of other primary cancers in 1,569 patients with pharyngolaryngeal cancer and treated with radiation therapy.

From January 1977 through December 1989, a total of 1,569 patients with pharyngolaryngeal cancer (oropharynx: 240, nasopharynx: 221, hypopharynx: 246, and larynx: 862) were treated at the Department of Radiology, Osaka University Hospital and the Department of Radiation Therapy, The Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka. The incidence of other primary cancers in these patients was investigated using the data base of radiation therapy combined with information from hospital-based and Osaka prefectural cancer registries. One hundred and seventy-six of the 1,569 patients (11%) had other primary cancers (oropharynx: 21%, nasopharynx: 7%, hypopharynx: 13%, and larynx: 9%). The time of development of other primary cancers in more than 50% of the cases ranged between one year before and one year after the diagnosis of primary pharyngolaryngeal cancer. The expected number of the second primary cancer was estimated by multiplying the age-sex specific incidence rates for Osaka residents with person-years at risk based on Osaka prefectural cancer registry data. The observed/expected (O/E) ratios were 3.17 (p less than 0.01) for oropharyngeal, 2.01 (p less than 0.01) for nasopharyngeal, 2.16 (p less than 0.01) for hypopharyngeal and 1.10 (n.s.) for laryngeal cancer. The most common sites of the second primary cancer in order of frequency were: the oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus and lung for oropharyngeal cancer, the oral cavity and pharynx for nasopharyngeal cancer, the oral cavity and pharynx and the esophagus for hypopharyngeal cancer and the oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus and lung for laryngeal cancer.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Radiation therapy for the esophageal carcinoma: external irradiation versus high-dose rate intraluminal irradiation.

From September 1977 through December 1989, 149 patients with esophageal carcinoma were treated with external irradiation (EI) with or without high-dose rate intraluminal irradiation (HDRII) using remote afterloading system. Two-year relapse-free survival rates were 52% in sage I (n = 23), 24% in stage II (n = 61) and 19% in stage III (n = 65). Two-year survival rates were 66% in complete response (CR) group (n = 65) and 7 to 9% in non-CR group (n = 84). Concerning CR group external irradiation alone (mean +/- S. D.: 66.5 +/- 5.2 Gy) showed higher local control rate than EI (60.0 +/- 0.4 Gy) + HDRII (10 Gy) (30/38 versus 15/27, p = 0.044), especially in ulcerative type (17/19 versus 5/11, p = 0.009). This preliminary result suggests that HDRII is not effective for the local control of the ulcerative lesion as a boost therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Irradiated volume and arytenoid edema after radiotherapy for T1 glottic carcinoma.

From May 1982 through December 1986, 116 T1 glottic carcinomas were treated with radiotherapy in a prospective randomized study to determine the effect of radiation field size. Patients were treated with a total dose of 60 Gy over six weeks using 4 MV X-ray, wedge filter and shell. Local control rates treated with a field size of 5 x 5 cm2 and 6 x 6 cm2 were 93% and 95%, respectively. Persistent laryngeal edema occurred in 4% of cases treated with 5 x 5 cm2 and 21% with 6 x 6 cm2 (p less than 0.02). The rate of late laryngeal edema was dependent upon the treatment volume. A larger treatment field yielded a higher minor complication rate without improvement of local control rate.

Arytenoid Cartilage↗
PubMed1991

The nucleotide sequence and genome structure of the geminivirus miscanthus streak virus.

A tandem dimer of miscanthus streak virus (MiSV) DNA was inserted into the T-DNA of the binary plasmid vector pBIN19 and agroinoculated into several monocotyledonous plants (monocots) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens or A. rhizogenes. Disease symptoms and geminate particles were produced in maize and Panicum milaceum plants, and MiSV-specific double-stranded and single-stranded DNAs were found in these plants. The nucleotide sequence of the infectious MiSV clone, consisting of 2672 nucleotides, was determined. Four open reading frames (ORFs) for proteins of Mr greater than 10K were identified, two (V0 and V2) in the virus (+) sense and two (C1 and C2) in the complementary (-) sense, although C2 did not have an ATG start codon. Unlike other geminiviruses infecting monocots, complementary-sense ORFs did not overlap. Potential splicing donor and acceptor sites were identified in the sequence of the border region between the C terminus of ORF C1 and the N terminus of ORF C2. Amino acid sequences predicted from three (V2, C1 and C2) of these ORFs showed significant homology with the corresponding ORFs of other geminiviruses infecting monocots. A fifth ORF (V1), which showed some homology with ORF V1 of other monocot-infecting geminiviruses despite having a coding capacity for a product of Mr 8.8K, was found just upstream of ORF V2 as observed in those geminiviruses. ORF V0 showed no significant homology with ORFs present in any other geminiviruses. A mutation of V0 indicated that the C-terminal 30% of this ORF was not necessary for infection in maize, but that sequences around the mutated LspI site might have some regulatory role.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression in Escherichia coli of the odontoglossum ringspot virus coat protein gene.

The sequence of the 3'-terminal 1865 nucleotides of the genome of the tobamovirus odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) was determined. This sequence contained two open reading frames (ORFs), 912 and 477 nucleotides long. The 912 nucleotide ORF has been identified as the cell-to-cell transport protein gene. The 477 nucleotide ORF was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the product was detected by antibodies specific for the coat protein of ORSV. The amino acid sequence of protein encoded by this ORF shares 84% similarity with the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (vulgare) coat protein. The 3'-terminal untranslated region of ORSV comprises 414 nucleotides, 210 nucleotides more than that of TMV (vulgare) RNA.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Antibody response against the Epstein-Barr virus-coded nuclear antigen2 (EBNA2) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Specific antibody responses against the Epstein-Barr virus-coded nuclear antigen2 (EBNA2) were evaluated. Thirty-five sera from pretreatment patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 12 from healthy adults were tested. Although the anti-EBNA2 response did not show any correlation with T stage, overall stage, or histopathology, it showed a correlation with the N stage of the disease. In a serological follow-up study, 17 (85%) of 20 patients showed a correlation on the change of antibody levels to EBNA2 and clinical progression. This suggests that EBNA2 serology might represent a useful marker relative to tumor status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A prospective randomized study concerning to the point A dose in high-dose rate intracavitary radiation therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

From January 1983 through December 1987, a total of 138 patients with previously untreated carcinoma of the uterine cervix were entered into the prospective randomized study concerning the two different schedules of point A dose of remote afterloading high-dose rate intracavitary therapy (RALS) and external irradiation dose at the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka. Group A consisted of 71 patients who were treated with fraction size of point A dose of 7.5 Gy and group B included 67 patients treated with fraction size of 6 Gy. According to the staging system of UICC (1978), 33 patients were classified into stage I, 50 patients stage II, 45 patients stage III, and ten patients stage IV. Three-year survival rates by stage and RALS schedule were in group A 80% and in group B 100% in stage I, 57% and 68% in stage II, 62% and 60% in stage III and 2/8 and 0/2 in stage IV. Survival curves showed no statistically significant difference in each stage. Late rectal and bladder complications requiring treatment (Kottmeier's grade 2 or more) after RALS developed 1.5% (2/138, group A none, group B two) and 1.5% (2/138, group A one, group B one), respectively. This result suggests that this trial is acceptable on survival as well as complication rates.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1990

[Radiation therapy for prostatic cancer].

From February 1979 through May 1988, a total of 26 patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated with radiation therapy for the primary site. The actuarial 5-year survival rate was 59% for 14 patients with Stage C or less disease (A; 1 case, B; 2 cases, and C; 11 cases), and 10% for 12 patients with Stage D. The logrank test showed significant difference between these two groups (p less than 0.007). Rectal radiation injuries occurred in 2 cases (8%) at 7 months (grade I) and 6 months (grade II), respectively. From the analysis of local control and complication, optimum radiation dose ranged from 64.8 Gy to 68.4 Gy (TDF 100-106). In addition, optimum boost radiation field size with rotation technique (after whole pelvic irradiation of 40-45 Gy with anteroposterior opposing fields) ranged from 30 to 48 cm2.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Radiation therapy for early glottic cancer (T1N0M0): II. Prospective randomized study concerning radiation field.

A prospective randomized study to determine the effect of radiation field on the local control of early glottic cancer was performed. From May 1982 through December 1985, a total of 87 patients with early glottic cancer (T1N0M0) were treated at our department with an individualized wedge filter technique using a shell to improve the dose distribution and immobilization during radiotherapy with 4 MV X ray. Patients were randomly allocated to either treatment group A (radiation field size: 5 x 5 cm2) or B (6 x 6 cm2) using bilateral parallel opposed portals. Total radiation dose administered was 60 Gy in 30 fractions over a 6-week period. The 3-year recurrence-free survival rates were 93% in group A and 96% in group B (no significant difference). Comparison with historical control showed that both arms achieved better results. These results were mainly due to the improved local control of whole-length lesions of single vocal cords. Acute mucosal reaction (p less than 0.05) and persistent arytenoid edema lasting more than 6 months (p less than 0.02) were more frequently observed in group B than in group A. It is concluded that the critical factor in getting optimal results in the treatment of early glottic cancer is careful attention to the technique of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Prognostic factors in patients with brain metastases from lung carcinoma: preliminary result of the second trial.

Between September 1980 to December 1984, 85 patients with brain metastases from lung carcinoma were consecutively evaluated and were entered into the first prospective randomized trial. Since January 1985, the second prospective randomized trial was started based on the result of the first trial, i.e., lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as the most important prognostic factor. We analyzed neurological improvement and survival of 79 patients, who were entered into the second trial until November 1988, compared with the first trial. This preliminary result suggests that LDH may also be an important prognostic factor in the second trial and neurological improvement may depend upon the irradiation dose, therefore we need further investigation in this second trial.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Prognostic factors for patients with osseous metastasis: a multi-institutional prospective study.

A multi-institutional prospective study for the analysis of prognostic factors for patients with osseous metastasis was performed. From February 1986 through June 1988, a total of 216 patients were included in this study. Cox's regression model made it clear that the most significant overall prognostic factor was primary site (p = 0.0002). In the lung cancer group, performance status (p = 0.0036) and metastasis of organs than bone (p = 0.0105) were also significant prognostic factors. In the breast cancer group, no significant factors were obtained. In the hepatoma group, the values for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p = 0.0021), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p = 0.0195), and sex (p = 0.0264) proved significant. In the group of other cases, the most significant prognostic factor was the value for urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio (p = 0.0001), followed by the pain score of RTOG (p = 0.0018). These factors and actual survival periods obtained in this study will be useful for the future stratification of patients for individualized optimal radiation schedules.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Tolerance dose of the small intestines and colon in patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix].

From the clinical data of the 199 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix from August 1978 to December 1982 using external irradiation and RALS, the tolerance dose of rectum and sigmoid colon were considered as 65 Gy and 70 Gy, respectively. On the other hand, from the review of 86 patients who had been treated for paraaortic lymph node based on a survey of Kansai Cancer Therapist Group, the tolerance doses of small intestine were considered as 40-50 Gy. For further reassessment of tolerance dose, the analysis of volume factor and basic research for pathogenesis of complication are essential.

Aged↗