[Primary subcutaneous nocardiosis complicating nephrotic syndrome under corticosteroid therapy].
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Female↗
Biomedical subjects
M Chomarat
Publications and source records attributed to M Chomarat.
[Haemophilus influenzae caused by cervical cellulitis in adults].
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Aged↗
Pseudodiffuse-type growth of a Staphylococcus aureus strain in serum-soft agar.
Strain MC31 of Staphylococcus aureus showed diffuse-type growth in regular serum-soft agar (SSA) (pH 7.2), but in alkaline SSA (pH 8.4) the type of growth was compact. The organisms were of extra low virulence in the mouse and were unencapsulated. Based on three properties, the growth type of the S. aureus strains in SSA was designated as pseudodiffuse type.
Agar↗
[Identification of Staphylococcus aureus by the sero-inhibition of nuclease in blood culture broths].
Identification of Staphylococcus aureus in blood cultures by sero-inhibition nuclease test is described in this paper. No positive results were found in 392 Staphylococcus other than Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Only 0,8% Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia could not be detected. This sero-inhibition nuclease test provides a rapid, less than 3 hours, easy to perform, reliable method to identify Staphylococcus aureus in blood cultures. Results are obtained 24 hours earlier than the conventional methods.
Culture Media↗
[Pharmacokinetic study of pefloxacin in 37 hospital patients under resuscitation].
Pharmacokinetics of pefloxacin were studied in thirty-seven intensive care patients. Fluorimetric assay was used for determining pefloxacin concentrations. Serum concentrations were usually far above threshold levels; however, wide variations across patients were evidenced, with no demonstrable relation to physiologic status. For this reason, pefloxacin assay is useful in high risk patients to avoid subconcentrations.
Humans↗
[Pseudomonas pickettii septicemia].
A case of bacteremia caused by Pseudomonas pickettii in an insulin dependent diabetic patient is reported, the portal of entry was unknown. After a failure of cefotaxime therapy whereas the strain was found susceptible by disk assay to this antibiotic, the patient became afebrile with doxycycline treatment. The bacteriological findings as well as the clinical problems are reported in the present paper.
Adult↗
Frequency of pseudocoagulase production in Staphylococcus aureus.
Staphylocoagulase activity could only be separated from that of pseudocoagulase after addition of 4 inhibitors: 3 proteases inhibitors (EDTA, N-ethylmaleimid, aprotinin) and heparin. Of the 32 collection strains studied, only the strains 1503 and NCTC 10 345 (mutant of WOOD 46) exhibited pseudocoagulase activity alone. No other WOOD 46 strain had this isolated activity; on the other hand, 22% of them had simultaneous coagulase and pseudocoagulase activities. One out of 286 Staphylococcus aureus strains of human origin was found to be productive of pseudocoagulase alone, 32% of the strains having both activities. The search for staphylocoagulase coagulating activity in rabbit plasma is a valid test for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus; taxonomical implications are limited without use of a specific detection of coagulase.
Aprotinin↗
[Detection of Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase and esterase in blood culture broths].
Search for cytochrome-oxidase was performed directly on blood culture broths without prior isolation of the pathogen on agar, using paper disks impregnated with "oxidase" reagent and the Api Z strip which enables additional detection of esterases. Both these tests are indicative of the presence of Pseudomonas. False-positive results were recorded in only 0.65% of the 167 strains of Enterobacteria studies. The 38 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa gave 5.26% false-negative results; 88.6% of Pseudomonas strains were esterase-positive. Simultaneous search for both these enzymes thus allows for identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing before agar isolation.
Blood↗
[Value of the study of fibrinogen affinity in the identification of Staphylococcus aureus. Results of a multicenter study].
The passive haemagglutination reaction for detecting the Staphylococcus aureus fibrinogen affinity was done in a collaborative study. The test was compared to the major tests used in medical microbiology. The test was as efficient as the protein A or coagulase tests. Its simplicity, rapidity and specificity make it a useful tool for the diagnosis of this species.
Fibrinogen↗
[Comparison of the results of antibiograms obtained from blood culture broth and after isolation on agar media with the Autobac 1].
The authors compare the results of antibiotic sensitivity tests performed within 4 hours with the aid of the Autobac 1 machine, using blood culture medium and following isolation on agar plates. There was concordance in about 90 p. cent of cases. The first test is not suitable for sensitivity to trimethoprim and the beta-lactamines, as was already observed in the study using the MS-2 machine. The authors discuss the various sources of error and compare the results obtained from the two machines.
Agar↗
[Evaluation of a rapid technic for antibiotic sensitivity testing: reproducibility of minimal inhibitory concentrations routinely estimated with the use of Abbott MS-2 autoanalyzer].
The inter-system reproducibility of the MIC results obtained from the MS-2 automated system of antibiotic sensitivity testing was assessed by a two-stage study. In the first stage, a total of 168 MICs were calculated by the automated system from 134 diverse bacterial strains, selected from routine antibiotic sensitivity testing for their "intermediate" sensitivity to one or more antibiotics. The antibiotic sensitivities were repeated using the same machine, in the same laboratory, on another suspension of the same bacteria. The results of antibiotic sensitivity reported as "intermediate" on the first test were compared to those of the second test; only 19 p. cent of the responses remained "intermediate" and the MICs were comparable between the two tests; 50 p. cent became sensitive and 31 p. cent became resistant (MIC not calculated). In the second stage, 4 strains with stable intermediate sensitivity to 8 antibiotics, as shown by 2 routine sensitivity tests, were tested 33, 48, 44, and 39 times respectively against these antibiotics using various suspensions of the same strain. 394 results were obtained: 92 intermediate results with a MIC (24.4 p. cent), 219 sensitive results (56.3 p. cent) and 83 resistant results (20.2 p. cent). The range of values for the MIC calculated by the automatic system was small, so the MICs are reproducible; but, for 5 of the 8 antibiotics, the responses were both "S" and "R". This suggests that the so-called "Intermediate" zone is in fact a zone of uncertainty where the majority of the MIC results are erroneous.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Critical analysis of the different methods for the determination of aminoglycosides. Application to follow-up of treatment].
A serum aminoglycoside assay is indicated so that there will be no loss of efficacy resulting from insufficient dosages chosen to reduce the risks of toxicity inherent in this type of antibiotics. It is also indicated so that excessive dosages and their resulting toxicity may be avoided. There are different assay methods for each one, the cost, reproducibility, sensitivity and specificity should be considered at the time of selection. Among methods which do not use radioactive material, the EMIT and TDA systems are more or less similar in terms of the above points and could soon be used for dibekacine assays. The microbiological method rivals all other methods in every way except in regard to speed. But it cost less and enables a "genuine" appraisal of the antibiotic.
Aminoglycosides↗
[Septicemia and multiple abscesses of the liver caused by Streptococcus anginosus].
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Adult↗
Evaluation of Salmonella and Shigella identification with the MS2-BID automatic system.
The precision of the Abbott MS-2 system was evaluated for the rapid identification of Salmonella and Shigella strains in 5 hours. The results of 113 strains of Salmonella and 52 strains of Shigella studied showed a total agreement of 68% and 90% respectively with the API 20E method and with sero-agglutination taken as reference. But in 12.40% and 2% of the cases the Salmonella and Shigella strains were not recognised and no warning message was given by the automate. Moreover, during the daily utilisation of the apparatus, the 21 strains labelled Shigella and Salmonella were later shown to belong to other genera. The MS-2 BID system is therefore of limited interest in medical and in food microbiology.
Amino Acids↗
[Evaluation of a rapid technique for antibiotic sensitivity testing using an MS-2 automate and blood culture medium].
The authors propose a rapid method for studying antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from blood cultures. An MS-2 automate is used directly with bacteria collected after centrifugation. With the exception of the sensitivity of Gram-positive cocci to the combination of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprime and to Penicillin G and of Gram-negative bacillus to beta lactamines, the results were comparable to those obtained after isolation of bacteria on gel medium. Various causes for error are discussed.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Comparison of various characters and antigenic structure in S. aureus strains cultivated in hospitalized patients and in healthy carriers].
A comparison has been done between various characters of 170 non epidemic strains cultivated from hospitalized patients and 29 strains originated from healthy carriers without any hospital contact and antibiotic treatment since 6 months. Following characters have been tested: M.I.C. of 13 antibiotics, heterogenous methicillin resistance, enzymatic antibiotic resistance, macrolide inducible or constitutive type resistance, mercuric chloride susceptibility; phage types; enzymes and toxins production. Antigenic structure has been studied, in particular production of protein A, A beta teichoc acid and type antigens. Significant differences have been observed between hospital and healthy carriers strains; these later strains are antibiotic susceptible, produce few toxins and enzymes, are not frequently phage typable. Their antigenic structure shows also significant differences: A beta-teichoic acid is less frequently detected; type antigens are less frequent and different. Role of these surface antigens in virulence is discussed.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Tonsillar diffusion kinetics of amoxycillin after oral administration of 1 g to adults.
Although amoxycillin is widely used to treat pharyngo-tonsillitis, the kinetics of tonsillar diffusion have rarely been studied. The aim of this work was to study the kinetics of amoxycillin diffusion in the tonsils of adults, by measuring tonsillar concentrations 1.5, 3, 6 and 12 h after oral administration of 1 g of amoxycillin (Clamoxyl dispersible tablet, 1 g) relative to concomitant serum levels by using an HPLC method and a microbiological technique. At enrollment, the 20 patients were randomly divided into four groups of five, corresponding to the time intervals (1.5, 3, 6 or 12 h) between the third amoxycillin intake and the start of surgery. The results given by the two assay methods correlated well (r = 0.92-0.99). Amoxycillin showed excellent penetration into the tonsils, with both tonsillar and serum concentrations exceeding the MIC for most pathogens encountered in this setting (including Streptococcus pyogenes), even 12 h after repeated dosing with 1 g of amoxycillin.
Administration, Oral↗
Comparison of cell wall teichoic acid fractions isolated from three different encapsulated strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Teichoic acid preparations extracted from the cell wall of three serologically different encapsulated strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, ATCC-31432 (capsular type I), SE-360 (capsular type II) and SE-10 (capsular type III) were purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-50 column chromatography. The preparations showed immunological heterogeneity by an agar diffusion test. The chemical properties of the cell wall teichoic acid preparations of capsular types I and III were regarded as N-acetyl-glucosaminyl glycerol-phosphate polymers containing N-acetylglucosamine and phosphate at molar ratios of 0.22-1.0 and 0.33-1.0, respectively. The preparation of capsular type II was assumed to be an alpha-glucosyl glycerol-phosphate polymer containing glucose and phosphate at a molar ratio of 0.49-1.0, and it reacted strongly with concanavalin A. Moreover, alanine, glycine, serine and lysine were shown, among these preparations, to be a common amino acid composition. These results indicate that cell wall teichoic acids obtained from these strains were biochemically and immunologically different from each other.
Cell Wall↗