Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Collard.
A female adult without previous medical or surgical pathology nor specific treatment developed meningoencephalitis localised to the brainstem associated with bilateral subclinical optic neuritis. Serology showed that the disease was related to primary infection with cytomegalovirus. The patient spontaneously recovered.
A simplified method of renal scintigraphy carried out with 131I-Hippuran and 99mTc-DTPA diethylenetriaminopentacetate is described in man. Results were expressed as tubular clearance (with Hippuran) and glomerular clearance (with DTPA) per kidney, and compared to PAH and inulin clearances measured in the same patients. There was a close positive correlation between clearances calculated by means of renal scintigraphy and those measured by standard procedure for studying renal function. This study showed that a simple calculation allowed to express scintigraphical findings in terms of clearance.
From a series of 117 neurological patients presenting a pathological periventricular white matter signal on NMR, the authors discuss the differential diagnosis possibilities based on the configuration of the lesions, on their localization in the brain, and on the calculated apparent T2 (T2**) values achieved with the single multi-echos technique.
The distribution of HLA antigens A, B, C and DR was studied in 69 native Alsatian multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Antigen DR2 was high in MS compared to healthy control subjects, as is known. Given antigens were more frequently, and, above all, more closely linked with certain clinical and organic parameters. Antigens A3, B7 and B40 were preferentially associated with progressive forms, and A32 with remitting forms. B7 may be predictive of the prognosis, as it was correlated with disease severity. B7 and DR2 were more frequent in MS patients presenting intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis. Sex appeared to be a fundamental factor in the clinical expression of MS, interacting closely with the HLA system. These findings confirm the multi-factor etiology of MS. Several MS susceptibility genes may exist near the HLA complex, and their expression may modulate the clinical and organic signs of MS. Studies of this sort should be carried out on ethnically and geographically homogeneous populations.
Single or multiple parenchymatous anomalies were detected in 48 of 49 patients with multiple sclerosis by proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with a spin-echo sequence in the 4 planes of the section passing through the ventricular bodies. Lesions were identified in the frontal, orbital and particularly juxta-ventricular white substance, and were of variable appearance, the most common being spots in the parenchyma and juxta-ventricular bands. A limited number of sections is sufficient for the MRI study of anomalies in clinically defined multiple sclerosis, the diagnostic value of this examination suggested by these findings requiring confirmation by prospective studies.
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The authors propose using a Venturi tube as a model of stenosed renal artery; they can thus calculate blood velocity and pressure in the stenosed part from estimated renal flow, systemic pressure and the hydraulic characteristics of the model.
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The syndrome described by M. Fisher in 1956 includes ophtalmoplegia, ataxia, and generalized loss of reflexes. It is classically considered to be of peripheral origin and its relation to Guillain and Barre's syndrome in its mesencephalic form is debatable. The authors review 5 cases and discuss the question of a probable central origin. They base their opinion on the pathognomonic features of these cases and those in the literature, as well as the results of their oculographic and electromyographic studies. They stress the importance of the nature of the ataxia; the severe equilibrium disturbances noted in these patients could result, contrary to usual thinking, more from a central vestibular syndrome than from a cerebellar lesion.
Combined angiography and renal scintiscans were used by the authors in an attempt to determine the signification of the images and vascular tracings obtained after intravenous injection of technetium (99mTc). They conclude that the scintiscan images are essentially the reflection of cortical vascularization and that its duration, as determined by the scintiscan, is roughly equal to the mean transit time of the indicator employed (Tc). Arterial stenosis cannot be demonstrated by scintiscans using technetium.
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