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Biomedical subjects

M Crade

Publications and source records attributed to M Crade.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Ultrasound examination of the sigmoid colon: possible new diagnostic tool for irritable bowel syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects about 10% of the population, and is primarily a disease of women. It may cause chronic pelvic pain. As yet there is no imaging test to aid in diagnosis, which relies upon history. We aimed to determine whether transvaginal sonographic investigation of the sigmoid colon could aid in the diagnosis of IBS. METHOD: Transvaginal ultrasound was used in 175 female patients undergoing pelvic ultrasound studies for a variety of reasons, none specifically for bowel complaints. We measured the wall of the sigmoid colon and then obtained the history of positive or negative for IBS. RESULTS: The majority of those 27 reporting a history of IBS had thickening of the wall of the sigmoid colon. A cut-off of 3.0 mm gave a sensitivity for this group of patients of 70%, specificity of 95%, positive predictive value of 73% and negative predictive value of 95%. CONCLUSION: Transvaginal ultrasound may be useful in identifying patients at risk for IBS. Consideration of colon wall measurement during pelvic ultrasound should be studied, as IBS may be a cause of chronic pelvic pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Carotid blood-flow velocity changes detected by Doppler ultrasound in determination of brain death in children. A preliminary report.

To investigate the value of Doppler ultrasonography of the carotid arteries as a diagnostic test for the determination of brain death in children, we enrolled 17 patients in a blinded fashion in the pediatric intensive care unit of Memorial Miller Children's Hospital of Long Beach between the period of December 1990 and October 1992. After institutional review board approval and parental consent, children who sustained severe brain injury underwent Doppler ultrasonography study of their carotid arteries. Seven of 17 patients were diagnosed as having brain death by clinical criteria (complete loss of cerebral and brainstem functions) and electroencephalogram (EEG). Five of seven (71%) patients with the diagnosis of brain death had bilateral reverse flow (characteristic of increased cerebrovascular resistance and absent cerebral circulation) on their Doppler ultrasonography, yielding a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 71.4% (P = 0.01). All surviving patients (five) and the five who did not fulfill the brain-death criteria at the time of Doppler ultrasonography and were later taken off life supportive measures had normal Doppler findings. These data indicate that Doppler ultrasonography of the carotid arteries is a very specific test and can be used as an adjunctive modality for determination of brain death in children.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1992

The acardiac twin: a case report using color Doppler ultrasonography.

The use of color Doppler sonography has expanded our understanding of the normal and abnormal pregnancy. A case is presented here in which color Doppler imaging was utilized to confirm a long-held theory concerning the strikingly abnormal dynamics of arterial flow to an acardiac twin and observations are also presented concerning the possible route of venous return contrary to presumed theories established within the literature.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

In utero appearance of idiopathic infantile arterial calcification: ultrasound study of a 28-week fetus.

An ultrasound study of a 28-week gestation demonstrated changes of poor cardiac function associated with calcifications of the wall of major arteries. Sudden in utero deterioration into hydrops prompted the delivery of a female infant who was diagnosed at autopsy of having a rare disease entity, idiopathic infantile arterial calcification. When a hydropic fetus is defined by ultrasound, this rare diagnosis should be included in the diagnostic considerations. Recent reports suggest successful therapy regimens for an otherwise fatal disease, making accurate diagnosis especially important.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Does amniotic fluid index affect the accuracy of estimated fetal weight in preterm premature rupture of membranes?

Estimated fetal weights play a critical role in the management scheme of patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes but are often technically difficult to obtain in these patients because of low amniotic fluid volume. Previous studies have had conflicting data as to the accuracy of estimated fetal weights in preterm premature rupture of membranes. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of amniotic fluid index on the accuracy of estimated fetal weights in pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes. Over a 2-year period at Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, 98 patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes who had an ultrasonographic examination with estimated fetal weights and amniotic fluid index performed within 48 hours of delivery were identified and compared with a control group of 55 patients in preterm labor with normal amniotic fluid index for gestational age, also obtained within 48 hours of delivery. Shepard and Hadlock formulas were used to estimate fetal weight. Results were measured in percent error from the actual birth weight. All birth weights were less than 2000 gm. No statistical differences were identified. The value of amniotic fluid index did not affect the accuracy of predicted estimated fetal weight in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Predicted estimated fetal weight of patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes appears to be as accurate as predicted estimated fetal weight in pregnancies with normal amniotic fluid volumes.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1990

Color flow Doppler--a useful instrument in the diagnosis of vasa previa.

Vasa previa is associated with an increased perinatal mortality rate and rarely is diagnosed in the antepartum period. We present a case in which vasa previa was correctly diagnosed by use of color flow Doppler imaging. This modality is a valuable adjunct in the evaluation of patients suspected to have vasa previa.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMed1990

Reliability of ultrasonographic formulary in the prediction of fetal weight and survival of very-low-birth-weight infants.

Antenatal management of very-low-birth-weight infants often requires difficult obstetric decisions. This study was designed to evaluate the predictive value for neonatal outcome of antenatally acquired estimation of gestational age and ultrasonographically estimated fetal weight or a combination of both in very-low-birth-weight infants. Sixty-seven fetuses with estimated gestational ages between 22 0/7 and 28 6/7 weeks were studied ultrasonographically to estimate fetal weight. A comparison of accuracy of estimated fetal weight with actual birth weight showed good correlation (r = 0.93). Neonatal outcome of these infants was analyzed by estimated gestational age and estimated fetal weight. Estimated gestational age and estimated fetal weight greater than 25 weeks and greater than 750 gm were associated with 50% survival, respectively. However, when both of these conditions were met survival reached 85%. This information may be useful to guide antepartum management decisions in this very-low-birth-weight group.

Birth Weight↗