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Biomedical subjects

M Crade

Publications and source records attributed to M Crade.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Ultrasound findings in pregnancies complicated by fetal triploidy.

Antepartum ultrasound scans of seven pregnancies complicated by fetal triploidy were reviewed. Estimated gestational age (EGA) by ultrasound lagged EGA by last menstrual period in six of seven patients. Normal interval growth of biparietal diameter in the second trimester was demonstrated in all fetuses that had serial scans. Sonographic features commonly associated with fetal triploidy; such as oligohydramnios and cephalocorporal disproportion, were seen in only two cases. Fetal anomalies were evident by ultrasound in five of seven patients. Six of seven patients had partial moles. All of these patients had placentas that appeared abnormal. The ultrasound appearance of the placenta, however, was not the same with each case. Therefore, sonographic features of pregnancies complicated by fetal triploidy are not uniform and the diagnosis cannot be made by ultrasound alone.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1989

Ultrasound with graded compression in the evaluation of acute appendicitis.

Acute appendicitis is the most common diagnosis made (in the Western world) in patients with an "acute abdomen." Although the mortality rate has been vastly reduced, the diagnostic inaccuracy rate of 15% to 20% has remained unchanged in the past 100 years. In this article, the authors report the ultrasonographic findings in 80 patients examined using a small linear-array transducer, which enables direct visualization of the inflamed appendix. During 22 months, 80 patients (28 males and 52 females; age range, 3 to 81 years; mean, 32.3 years) with equivocal clinical signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis were examined sonographically. Of the 29 patients whose appendicitis was verified at surgery, ultrasonography was positive in 26, with an overall sensitivity of 90%. Of the 51 patients who did not have appendicitis, ultrasonography was negative in all, with a specificity of 100%. The authors concur with reports in the literature that ultrasonography is helpful in diagnosing appendicitis.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1988

Fetal response to sound stimulation: preliminary report exploring use of sound stimulation in routine obstetrical ultrasound examinations.

An artificial larynx was used to sound-stimulate 693 human fetuses with gestational age ranging from 21 to 42 weeks. Fetuses were monitored, with simultaneous ultrasound, for immediate, increased motor activity after the stimulus. Each was scored as either demonstrating for startle response or having no visible response to the stimulus. Four zones of gestational development were determined: nonstartle zone (gestation age below 24 weeks), in which none reacted; transitional zone A (24 to 27 weeks), in which 30% reacted, transitional zone B (27 to 30 weeks), in which 86% reacted; and startle zone (above 31 weeks), in which 96% reacted. A review of the 17 patients not responding to sound in the startle zone, revealed a wide spectrum of complications of pregnancy in eight, including sepsis, meconium aspiration, short umbilical cord, abruption of the placenta, bradycardia, and death, while nine were without recorded abnormalities. Sound stimulation designed to elicit a startle response on ultrasound may have some potential benefit in identifying fetuses at risk or needing closer physiologic evaluation. Adding sound stimulation to the routine ultrasound study may warrant further study.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1988

Renal calcification incidence in very low birth weight infants.

Serial ultrasound examinations were performed on 31 neonates with birth weights of less than 1,500 g for the detection of renal calcifications. Renal calcifications occurred in 20 (64%) of the infants at a mean age of 39.3 +/- 26.7 days of life. Infants with renal calcifications had shorter gestations (28.2 +/- 1.8 v 31 +/- 1.4 weeks, P less than .004) and lighter birth weights (924 +/- 195 v 1,338 +/- 100 g, P less than .004) than those infants without renal calcifications (n = 11). Furosemide administration was more common in the infants with renal calcifications (65% v 9.1%, P less than .001). The mean total dose of furosemide administered before renal calcifications were noted was 9.59 +/- 7.25 mg/kg. The 20 neonates with renal calcifications had a mean urine calcium level of 12.0 +/- 6.8 mg/kg/24 hours, mean urine calcium to creatinine ratio of 1.32 +/- 1.03 (range 0.3 to 4.45), and a mean alkaline phosphatase concentration of 961 +/- 327 IU. Initial parathyroid hormone levels were not different between the two groups, and subsequent determinations in infants with renal calcifications did not differ significantly from initial values. Renal calcifications are fairly common among very low birth weight infants, particularly in those receiving supplemental calcium and furosemide therapy. Although long-term implications of such findings are not known, close monitoring of renal function by serial determinations of urine calcium and urine calcium to creatinine ratios may identify those infants at risk for renal calcifications.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1981

Sonographic imaging of the glycogen stage of the fetal choroid plexus.

At 8-22 weeks gestation, the lateral ventricular choroid plexus swells with glycogen deposits, which are thought to be an important source of anaerobic energy for a relatively hypovascular stage of brain development. Sonographic images during this phase demonstrate enlarged and echogenic ventricles, accounting for up to 80%-90% of the cerebral axial dimension in the earliest gestations studied. This increased echogenicity may be due to these glycogen stores. Because a rapid but sonographically definable decrease in the relative size of these structures occurs, routine imaging for the presence and character of the choroid plexus might prove to be a useful parameter in fetal examination.

Choroid Plexus↗
PubMed1981

The ultrasonically enhanced abdominal examination.

Ultrasound is a unique diagnostic imaging tool that enhances the physical examination of the abdomen, without the hazards of radiation. The physician can instantly visualize palpated masses or areas of tenderness during ultrasound examination, and immediate correlation of tissue texture and clinical findings is possible. This combined approach aids in identifying inflammatory, neoplastic and degenerative pathology, as well as normal anatomic variations mimicking disease.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

Ultrasonic evaluation of hepatic and splenic trauma.

Blunt abdominal trauma comprises a major portion of surgical emergencies. These patients require imaging modalities that are rapid and accurate. In two patients with upper abdominal trauma, gray scale ultrasound was successfully used both for initial diagnosis and for monitoring the postoperative course.

Accidents, Traffic↗