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Biomedical subjects

M Duda

Publications and source records attributed to M Duda.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

The role of a surgeon in a palliative treatment of tumours.

The aim of the presented study is to determine a surgeon's part in diagnostics, therapy and dispensary treatment of patients suffering from tumour disease. We carried out an analysis of our own clinical experience and stated the surgeon's participation in the individual stages of diagnostics and treatment of oncological patients with the emphasis on the share in the palliative treatment.

General Surgery↗
PubMed1999

Determination of norgestimate and its metabolites in human serum using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection.

A rapid and reliable analytical method is described for the simultaneous determination of a synthetic progestin norgestimate (NGM), and its metabolites, 17-deacetylnorgestimate (17-DA-NGM), 3-ketonorgestimate (3-keto-NGM) and norgestrel (NGL) in human serum using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometric (MS-MS) detection. The assay was linear over the concentration ranges of 0.1-5.0 ng/ml for 17-DA-NGM and NGL and 0.5-5.0 ng/ml for NGM and 3-keto-NGM. The inter-assay reproducibility was consistently less than 10%. The overall recovery of the analytes ranged from 72 to 92%. Serum profiles following oral administration of norgestimate to female volunteers are presented.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1999

Flow cytometric cell cycle analysis of two subpopulations of porcine granulosa cells.

Two types of granulosa cells from 120 individual follicles (forty follicles in particular stages of development) were analysed by DNA flow cytometry to determine the percentage of cells with degraded DNA (apoptosis) and the cell cycle analysis. The distribution of cells in the cell cycle (G1, S, G2/M) was studied to show relation to location within a follicle and follicular development. Isolated granulosa cells were scraped from the vesicle walls with rounded-tip ophthalmological tweezers and separated into weakly-associated (AGc) and tightly-bound (MGc) according to Ford (1991) and Duda (1997). Granulosa cells after fixation in 70% ethanol and staining with propidium iodide (PI) were analysed. At least 20,000 events were collected in each specimen. The S-phase fraction (SPF) and apoptosis were calculated using the ModFit LT programme for the cell cycle analysis (Verity Software House Inc., USA). In AGc a population with degraded DNA was found, containing less fluorescence than the G1/G0 peak as shown in the DNA histograms. The percentage of apoptotic AGc ranged from 39.29 in small, to 58.9 in medium and was significantly higher than in large follicles (26.13%; p < 0.05). The percentage of apoptotic MGc was significantly lower than in the AGc (p < 0.05) and was equal to 3.78 in small, 0.10 in medium and 0.08% in large follicles. There are no significant statistical differences between the mean percentage of SPF in MGc of small and medium follicles (4.94, 7.25%). However, SPF was significantly lower in large follicles (1.31%). The number of SPF in AGc decreased during follicular development (35.92, 26.98, and 19.62%). Our data indicate lack of apoptotic cell death in MGc which seem to be more differentiated, and lose their mitotic potential. In AGc however, which are undifferentiated and undergo numerous mitosis, apoptosis was observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Present status of minimally invasive surgery in the Czech Republic].

OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluate the contemporary state of miniinvasive surgery in the Czech Republic. METHOD: The authors made a questionnaire survey in surgical departments of the Czech Republic. Some 58% of the addressed departments (118 departments) replied. They evaluated the prevalence and use of miniinvasive techniques in 1997 in the following areas: flexible endoscopy, sonography, intervention radiology and endoscopic surgery. RESULTS: 40% of the surgical departments possess flexible endoscopes and 14% surgeons use endoscopy. Interdisciplinary collaboration is being enforced. In 54% departments endoscopy is ensured in collaboration by surgeons and gastroenterologists. Single-handed sonography was recorded among 3.2% surgeons, but 80% feel that surgeons should do sonography single-handed. Intervention radiology as an alternative to surgery is indicated by 88% surgeons. However only 1.2% surgeons participate actively in these examinations. The era of endoscopic surgery was started in the Czech Republic in 1991. At present these operations are made at all departments. The number of operations increases steadily. Thoracoscopy is used in 21% departments. In addition to cholecystectomy (100%) most frequently the following operations are made: appendenctomy--81%, inguinal hernia--67%, acute abdomen--55% and in a smaller number of departments (cca 10%) some more pretentious operations are made in the region of the oesophageal hiatus, intestinal resection etc. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic surgery replaced in some areas classical surgery. The importance of flexible endoscopy and sonography induced an ever increasing numbers of surgeons to use these methods actively. Intervention radiology is also of increasing importance and in many cases it is the preferred alternative of classical operations.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed1999

[Endoscopic mobilization of the proximal portion of the great saphenous vein].

The authors describe a mini-invasive procedure in surgery of varicosities of the lower extremities. The objective is to reduce surgical trauma and improve the resulting cosmetic effect after extirpation of the great saphenous vein. The method was used in 9 patients of 35 operated between September and December 1998. The initial experience with endoscopic dissection of the proximal portion of the saphenous vein is favourable. The tissue traumatization is smaller, haematoma of the thigh is less common.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Miniinvasive approach to the treatment of liver cysts.

During the period from 1995 to 1997 we followed and treated six patients for liver cysts. Diagnostics was based not only on clinical examination but also on ultrasonography and computational tomography (CT). Surgery is applied in solving larger cysts damaging liver parenchyma and causing pressure symptomatology. Nowadays most cysts can be solved by means of laparoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Miniinvasive approaches in varicose vein surgery.

Authors present their own experience with the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. Between August 1995 and November 1998 they operated on 318 patients for the disease of venous system. In 28 patients (i.e. 9%) they performed 30 miniinvasive interventions--8x retroperitoneoscopic lumbar sympathectomy and 22x endoscopic subfascial dissection of vein perforators. The rest of patients (91%) were treated by means of classical operations on superficial venous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[The changing clinical picture of gastroduodenal ulcer disease].

OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluate the changing clinical picture of gastroduodenal ulceration in recent years. METHOD: They analysed their own clinical material from January 1994 till April 1998 when at the Second Surgical Clinic in Olomouc 188 patients were hospitalised on account of gastroduodenal ulceration. RESULTS: The group of patients comprised a high proportion of patients above 60 years of age (102, i.e. 55%) and twice as many cases of duodenal ulcers as compared with gastric ones. In 4% ulcers were present at both sites. In 92% (173 patients) acute admissions were involved and only in 8% (15 patients a planned admission for elective treatment was involved. As to complications haemorrhage was most frequent (84%), perforations in 13% and pylorostenosis in 3%. Of the acute admissions 56 patients were operated, i.e. 32%, the rest were treated by conservative methods. The surgical lethality was 12%, the lethality of the conservatively treated patients 5%. CONCLUSION: Gastroduodenal ulceration is at present characterised by a predominance of conservative treatment, a decline of elective operations, a high percentage of complications in particular in advanced age, more frequent affection of the duodenum and late indication for surgery, when conservative treatment is not very successful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Palliative treatment of inoperable esophageal stenoses using stents: long-term results, complications].

The authors evaluate the effectiveness of palliative treatment of inoperable oesophageal stenoses by means of self-expandable stents in a group of 102 patients and discuss complications. In all patients after implantation of the stent dysphagia improved by at least two degrees. Eighty nine patients of the group died, the mean period of survival was 107 days. At the time of evaluation 13 patients survive, the mean survival period being 175 days. As to complications the authors recorded incomplete expansion of the stent (n = 1), fissuring of the tumour (n = 1), migration of the stent (n = 8), oesophagorespiratory decubital fistula (n = 4), ingrowth of the tumour into the stent (n = 4), obstruction of the stent by food (n = 7) and arterial haemorrhage (n = 1). The effectiveness of palliative treatment of inoperable oesophageal stenoses by self-expanding stents is high and prompt. The total number of complications is 22%, the mortality after surgery is zero. The majority of complications is easily resolved by methods of interventional radiology.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

[Chronic venous insufficiency--a mini-invasive therapeutic approach].

The authors describe their own experience assembled with treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. During the period from VII/95 to III/98 they operated 257 patients with diseases of the venous system. In 22 patients (8%) they operated 24 times by miniinvasive procedures. Eight times retroperitoneoscopic lumbar sympathectomy and sixteen times endoscopic subfascial dissection of the perforators was performed. The remaining patients (92%) were treated by classical operations of the superficial venous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The influence of FSH, LH and testosterone on steroidsecretion by two subpopulations of porcine granulosa cells.

The first objective of this research was to define the capacity of two types granulosa cells (mural MGs and antral AGc) to secrete estradiol (E2) in the presence of an androgen substrate (testosterone). The second objective was to identify the synergism between gonadotropic hormones such as LH and FSH and testosterone (T) as measured by E2 secretion by MGc and AGc. MGc were separated from AGc by filtration through a 32.5 microns nylon filter. In the first experiment, control cultures were grown in M199 medium supplemented with 10% calf serum while the other cultures were supplemented with either T alone at a concentration of 1 x 10(-7) M or with 1.0 x 10(-3) M, 0.5 x 10(-3) M, or 0.1 x 10(-3) M aromatase inhibitor CGS 16949A plus T. In the second experiment, cultures were enriched either with 1 x 10(-7) M T or with 100 ng LH plus T or 100 ng FSH plus T. After 24 hours of cultivation all cultures were terminated and the media were frozen at -20 degree C for further steroid analysis. Basal E2 secretion was always higher in MGc than in AGc. Adding testosterone to the culture medium decreased E2 secretion by MGc but significantly increased E2 secretion by AGc. LH in the absence of T was without effect on E2 secretion by both Gc types. FSH alone stimulated E2 secretion by MGc and decreased E2 secretion by AGc. Synergistic action of FSH and LH with T on E2 secretion by both types of granulosa cells was observed. These findings provide the basis for further analysis of the differences in aromatizing ability of the two subpopulations of Gc during follicular development.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Surgery of gastroduodenal ulcers in the Czech Republic].

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of surgical treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers during the past 20 years and its importance at the present time. METHOD: During the past 20 years three questionnaire surveys were implemented in surgical departments in the Czechoslovak Republic (1975-57 departments, 1989-80 departments) and in the Czech Republic (1994-80 departments) focused on surgery of gastroduodenal ulcers. The authors analysed also a group of patients from their own department covering a five-year period (1990-89 operations and 1995-27 operations). RESULTS: In surgical departments of the Czechoslovak and Czech Republic the ratios of different operations during the mentioned years were as follows: 1975: resections 85%, vagotomy 9%, suture of perforation 6%. 1989: 71%, 10%, 19% and 1995: 48%, 8%, 31% and other operations 13%. In the authors department the ratio of these operations in 1990 was as follows: 23%, 23%, 10% and in 1995: 59%, 7%, 23%, 11%. The surgical approach declined in the course of five years by 70%. During the last two years in the Czech Republic and in the authors department first experience was assembled with laparoscopic suture of perforated ulcers and with superselective vagotomy. The initial results are very encouraging. CONCLUSION: The basis of treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers is modern medicamentous treatment, surgery is indicated most frequently if conservative treatment fails or in case of haemorrhage (78% of haemorrhages are controlled endoscopically). In gastric ulcers resection is indicated most frequently, similarly as in complications of duodenal ulcers. In non-complicated duodenal ulcers superselective vagotomy is an equivalent alternative of long-term conservative treatment.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed1997

[Conservative surgery in breast carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluate recent trends in the treatment of breast cancer, i.e. trends manifested in this country more markedly since the beginning of the nineties. METHOD: In 1993 the authors were able to perform local surgery of breast cancer in 36% of the operated patients, in 1994 in 38% and in 1995 in as many as 48%. During this period they operated 39 patients stereotactically for an non-palpable breast lesion. The ratio of non-palpable lesions which proved to be carcinomas was 5% in 1994 and 9% in 1995. The increasing number of local operations is due to earlier diagnosis and the fact that at the beginning of the nineties investigations were published which provided evidence that in selected indications local surgery along with further oncological treatment have after a five- to ten-year interval comparable results as patients after radical operations. CONCLUSION: In not advanced breast tumours in the 1st and 2nd clinical stage, i.e. tumours not larger than 2 to 4 cm, local extirpation of the tumour along with axillary lymphadenectomy and irradiation or possibly other oncological treatment achieves comparable patient survival as mastectomy.

Adult↗