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Biomedical subjects

M Easterbrook

Publications and source records attributed to M Easterbrook.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Value of Humphrey perimetry in the detection of early chloroquine retinopathy.

Various forms of perimetry are used to confirm Chloroquine retinopathy diagnosed by Amsler grid testing. Little is known about the value of using a red target generated statically. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of both red and white perimetry using program 10-2 on the Humphrey automated perimeter. Sixty-nine eyes were tested in total. Fifty eyes were from patients with known early Chloroquine retinopathy with abnormal Amslers. Red perimetry was 91.3% sensitive and 57.8% specific for Chloroquine retinopathy. White perimetry was 78% sensitive and 84% specific for this condition. In conclusion, red Humphrey perimetry was highly sensitive but not highly specific for Chloroquine retinopathy.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Ocular effects and safety of antimalarial agents.

The clinical experiences with 1,500 patients receiving chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine over a 15-year period are reviewed. Forty-six patients with confirmed irreversible, bilateral, early chloroquine retinopathy have been followed prospectively since 1980. Patients presenting with normal color vision and relative paracentral scotomas appear not to progress over short-term follow-up of five years. Retinopathy in patients presenting with less than 20/20 vision, abnormal color vision, and positive fluorescein angiography may progress even if treatment with the medication is discontinued. The Amsler grid is an effective method of screening patients taking antimalarial agents for early relative paracentral scotomas. Color vision testing and fluorescein angiography are useful in elderly patients with age-related macular disease when visual field testing is unreliable.

Antimalarials↗
PubMed1988

Lupus retinopathy. Patterns, associations, and prognosis.

In a prospective study of 550 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 41 were found to have retinopathy. Lupus retinopathy in the majority of cases consisted of a microangiopathy, with an excellent prognosis for vision. Five patients developed other complications that resulted in loss of visual acuity. Lupus retinopathy was associated with active SLE in 88% of patients and with lupus cerebritis in 73% of cases. Retinopathy in SLE was a marker of poor prognosis for survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Eye protection in racquet sports.

This article summarizes the clinical and experimental data leading to the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) certification of six eyeguards for racquet sports in Canada in November 1986. A parallel approach involving the American Standard of Testing and Materials (ASTM) is discussed and eyeguards meeting specifications are illustrated.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1987

Dose relationships in patients with early chloroquine retinopathy.

Thirty-five patients with bilateral irreversible chloroquine retinopathy have been identified prospectively since 1980. The dose relationships of chloroquine were examined specifically in these patients with particular reference to daily and total dose of chloroquine. Thirty of the 35 patients received 250 mg of chloroquine/day or less.

Chloroquine↗
PubMed1986

Lymphoma simulating uveitis (masquerade syndrome).

The authors present three recent cases of intraocular lymphoma. All three patients presented with apparent hypopyon and uveitis. Although the diagnosis was a difficult one to make, an aspiration of the anterior chamber with appropriate cytologic studies was conclusive in one case. The neoplasm may masquerade as any type of intraocular inflammation, anterior or posterior. We discuss the management and prognosis of these patients and review 68 cases from the world literature. Radiation therapy plays an important palliative role in this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Eye injuries associated with war games.

War games, an outdoor activity combining recreation, military maneuvers and fantasy, are becoming a popular recreational sport. Increasing numbers of players are suffering eye injuries. In the last year 26 cases of serious eye injuries were reported to Canadian ophthalmologists; in 15 eyes vision was reduced to 6/24 or less. Although eyeguards are provided, all the injuries had occurred when the participants were not wearing them. Methods of preventing eye injuries in war games are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The sensitivity of Amsler grid testing in early chloroquine retinopathy.

Amsler field testing of patients treated with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine is simple, rapid, reproducible and sensitive. Amsler testing will readily detect small relative paracentral scotomas. Four cases of irreversible bilateral scotomas were detected in 8 eyes of 4 patients with normal static and kinetic fields in 7 of the 8 eyes. Kinetic and static fields on a subsequent examination demonstrated the bilateral paracentral scotomas first detected with the Amsler grid.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Floppy eyelid syndrome.

Papillary conjunctivitis has many causes. In chronic cases unresponsive to topical medications a diagnosis of floppy eyelid syndrome may be missed if careful examination for lid laxity is not performed. Of the 27 previously reported cases of this syndrome 26 were in men. This report presents two cases in women and reviews the syndrome's management.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The use of Amsler grids in early chloroquine retinopathy.

A survey of Canadian ophthalmologists and rheumatologists suggests that there is a significant incidence of definite chloroquine retinopathy in their patients. As hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine appear to be better tolerated and less toxic than some other drugs used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, there is a need for a simple, patient-administered test for early diagnosis of chloroquine retinopathy. The Amsler grid and smaller Yannuzzi modified Amsler grid are simple, inexpensive, and correlate well with scotomas found with static and kinetic perimetry.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Ophthalmologic injuries.

The types of eye injuries that occur in various sports are discussed, with an emphasis on racquet sports and ice hockey. Both field management and treatment by a specialist are considered. Physicians should encourage players to wear polycarbonate or industrial safety-thickness lenses or protective face cages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Critical flicker fusion frequency in early chloroquine retinopathy.

Since increasing numbers of patients with connective tissue diseases are taking chloroquine and its derivatives, there is an urgent need for a simple, reasonably fast method of screening for toxic effects on the retina. Measurement of the critical flicker fusion frequency is one technique for assessing retinal function. Its screening value was assessed in a study of nine patients with bilateral visual field defects and visual acuity of 6/12 or better after various periods of chloroquine therapy and nine healthy subjects matched for age and sex who had never taken chloroquine. The control subjects' eyes consistently demonstrated the normal pattern previously described, whereas 16 of the 17 eyes tested in the patients showed one of two abnormal patterns of response.

Chloroquine↗
PubMed1982

Ophthalmologic injuries.

Increasing numbers of young people are being attracted to organized sports. Racquet sports, as they are individual sports, will give a lifetime of continual pleasure. Increasing numbers of eye injuries are being seen, however. Now that adequate eye protection is available, it behooves all physicians who are interested in prevention of eye injury to encourage players to wear polycarbonate or industrial safety thickness lenses, or protective face cages in suitable sports frames, to prevent any of the catastrophic, serious, and blinding eye injuries seen in the past.

Adolescent↗