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Biomedical subjects

M Easterbrook

Publications and source records attributed to M Easterbrook.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Ophthalmologic injuries.

Increasing numbers of young people are being attracted to organized sports. Racquet sports, as they are individual sports, will give a lifetime of continual pleasure. Increasing numbers of eye injuries are being seen, however. Now that adequate eye protection is available, it behooves all physicians who are interested in prevention of eye injury to encourage players to wear polycarbonate or industrial safety thickness lenses, or protective face cages in suitable sports frames, to prevent any of the catastrophic, serious, and blinding eye injuries seen in the past.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Eye injuries in squash: a preventable disease.

As more Canadians are taking up squash the incidence of eye injuries is increasing dramatically. Over 2-1/2 years, 23 cases from one urban practice were examined. Almost half of the group required inhospital treatment. Five patients sustained a permanent decrease in vision; these cases involved three corneal scars, one cataract and one macular cyst. Patients wearing glasses or hard contact lenses appear to be more susceptible to serious eye injury. Experience does not appear to reduce the likelihood of eye injuries; the patients in this study had played squash for 5.6 years on the average. Consequently the medical profession must take the lead by encouraging squash players to use protective equipment now available to reduce the incidence of these injuries that pose so much personal hazard.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Anomalies of the human hyaloid system.

We describe two asymptomatic cases of persistent anomalies of the human hyaloid system. Fluorescein angiography of a cyst of the hyaloid system shows leakage from the hyaloid vessels.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMed1977

An experimental model of candida endophthalmitis.

With the more widespread use of hyperalimentation, systemic steroids and broad spectrum antibiotics, particularly in immunologically suppressed patients, Candida endophthalmitis is becoming more common. The drugs that are used to treat it are very toxic; treatment should be stopped as soon as possible. We wished to know if the clinical appearance of a lesion could be related to the number of organisms in it. We injected 16 rabbits intravenously with a suspension of Candida Albicans and produced typical ocular lesions in all of them. The fundi were observed by indirect ophthamoscopy and periodically groups of rabbits were killed and quantitative cultures of their eyes were made. Our results show that this experimental model gives reproducible results. We found that when the lesions are beginning to regress, culture shows either no or very little growth. If, in the human, the ophthalmoscopic appearance of a lesion is similarly related, it could be a guide in deciding the need to continue treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The use of bank sclera to correct lid retraction.

Twenty-two scleral grafts were inserted in patients with retracted lids, the youngest patient was two years old at time of surgery. Two patients were operated on under local anaesthesia and the remainder under general anaesthesia. In the patients with thyroid disease larger grafts were required, the temporal side of the graft being 3 mm greater vertically than the nasal. Our first cases were undercorrected, so we used grafts of a size at least twice that required to lower the lid. Other complications were rare. For ptosis overcorrections, and congenital lid retraction, the graft should be 2 mm bigger horizontally and vertically than the amount required to lower the lid.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eye injuries in athletics and recreation.

Sports-related eye injuries represent a significant eye health hazard worldwide. In the USA, it is estimated that eye injuries from sports account for more than 100,000 physician visits per year at the cost of greater than $175 million. The sports responsible for the greatest number of injuries are baseball, ice hockey, and racquet sports. In the USA there are over 189 million participants in these sports with a disproportionate number (one-third) of injuries involving the pediatric population. The most common injuries are abrasions and contusions, followed by more serious injuries, including hyphema. Substantial reduction in the incidence of eye injuries through prevention has been demonstrated in the sport of hockey which can serve as a model for other sports. Specific criteria for protective eyewear must be developed. Polycarbonate plastic lenses and frames which are sturdy and impact resistant provide optimal protection. Lensless goggles, street wear and spectacle correction glasses do not provide adequate eye protection. The ophthalmologist's role in preventing sports-related eye injuries includes addressing particular sports participants needs, identifying one-eyed athletes, and informing patients of the need for protective eyewear.

Athletic Injuries↗