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Biomedical subjects

M Eibl

Publications and source records attributed to M Eibl.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[The importance of immune deficiency for the prognosis of purulent meningitis (author's transl)].

Morbidity and mortality of suppurative bacterial meningitis show a very constant behavior over many decades. The introduction of antibiotics certainly lowered the lethality considerably, but since then it has remained fairly unchanged at about 15-20%. However, in the principal groups of pathogens--meningococci, pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae--antibiotic resistence plays no special role. The significance of disorders of defense against infections for the course of the disease has not yet been investigated. Of 92 children examined with purulent meningitis, 49 showed a selective antibody deficiency syndrome against bacterial antigens, 38 of 48 children investigated showed further disorders of bactericidal activity. The proportion of these disorders is particularly high in children with defective healing of a meningitis.

Austria↗
PubMed1976

[Splenectomy for traumatic rupture of the spleen in childhood and its sequaelae].

This study was undertaken in order to assess the clinical and immunological consequences of splenectomy for traumatic reasons in childhood. Immunological testing of 22 persons 1 to 20 years subsequent to removal of the spleen for traumatic rupture between the ages of 3 and 6 revealed diminished or absent agglutinins in 10 cases and diminished or absent opsonins to E. coli in 16 cases. All patients were in good health and no clinical evidence of increased susceptibility to severe infections was found postoperatively. It is, therefore, assumed that the diagnosed defects had been compensated for by other immunological mechanisms. In contrast to the opinions of other authors, it is concluded that splenectomy in childhood between the ages of 3 and 6 does not appear to carry greater risks than in later years.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1976

[Migration inhibition of mononuclear cells in idiopathic adrenal insufficiency. Inhibition of migration of mononuclear cells with adrenal microsomes and blocking of the reaction by adrenal antibodies (author's transl)].

In 19 patients with idiopathic adrenal insufficiency and in 19 controls, cellular (as measured by the migration inhibition test) and humoral (by means of immunoflourescence) immune reaction to adrenal antigens were investigated. Significant inhibition of migration was observed in 12 patients with adrenal microsomes; migration of mononuclear cells was however within normal range in 18 out of 19 controls. Adrenal antibodies could be detected in 11 (53%) of the patients. In a further series of investigations adrenal microsomes have been preincubated with specific antibody and used in migration inhibition tests. The migration indices observed with microsomes were compared to those obtained with microsomes preincubated with adrenal antibody. Migration inhibition with microsomes could be blocked by antibody in almost all antibody-positive patients. No uniform trend on the migration of mononuclear cells was found in the antibody-negative patients. A blocking of the cellular immune reaction by specific antibody seems likely. Possible mechanisms which could lead to such phenomena as well as the biologic significance of adrenal antibodies are discussed.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1976

[HL-A system and diabetes mellitus].

In 19 families of juvenile diabetes patients intravenous glucose tolerance was tested and HLA antigens were determined. A total of 68 first degree blood relations (siblings, parents, children) was studied. Taking the age dependent variabilities of the glucose assimilation coefficient (k-value) into consideration, glucose intolerance was found in 35.5% of the blood relations. Particularly in blood relations (above all in siblings) aged under 35 and with glucose intolerance, a trend to increased frequencies of those HLA antigens (B8, BW15, CW3) associated with juvenile diabetes was found, but it is not yet clear whether this association will be of practical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Humoral immunodeficiency to bacterial antigens in patients with juvenile onset diabetes mellitus.

Humoral immunity to bacterial antigens was tested in 49 tissue typed patients with juvenile onset diabetes mellitus (JOD) and in 50 healthy controls. The number of patients with agglutinins to E. coli and staphylococci was significantly lower compared to controls (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.01 respectively). Missing antibody formation to pertussis and diphtheria toxoid could also be detected in a higher percentage of JOD patients than of controls (p less than 0.05; p congruent to 0.05, respectively). By contrast heteroagglutinins to sheep and rabbit erythrocytes were found in similar proportion in both groups and the values of immunoglobulin serum concentrations showed no difference between patients and controls. In addition no correlation between antibody formation and genes of the HLA complex was found. It is suggested that the severely reduced agglutinin formation to bacteria antigens might be partly responsible for susceptibility to bacterial infections in juvenile diabetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Cellular and humoral immunity to adrenal antigens in patients with idiopathic Addison's disease.

Cell-mediated immunity to various adrenal antigen preparations--crude extract, mitochondria and microsomes--has been investigated by means of the migration inhibition of mononuclear cells in 19 patients with established diagnosis of idiopathic Addison's disease (IAD), in 1 patient with suspected Addison's disease and in 20 controls. Adrenal antibodies were determined by immunofluorescence technique. In 13 of the IAD patients significant migration inhibition (MI) could be observed with mitochondria and in 12 patients with crude extract. In addition, MI, although less pronounced, could be detected with microsomes in 12 IAD patients. In one of the controls slight inhibition was observed with all the antigens used and in another stimulation of lymphocyte migration with crude extract could be observed. Adrenal antibodies were detected in 11 of the patients investigated. No correlation could be found between duration of the disease and humoral or cellular immune reactions to adrenal antigens.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1976

Immunological follow-up of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

In different treatment groups of children with acute lymphatic leukaemia and undifferentiated leukaemia, the lymphocyte count and a number of immunologic parameters were examined during the various stages of treatment. These parameters were related to the type of chemotherapy as well as the stages of treatment. This paper deals with the values of lymphocyte counts, of gamma globulin, IgG, IgM and IgA and the results of the DNCB skin tests, as a parameter for cellular immunity. IgG determined by acetate sheet electrophoresis showed no significnat change, while its significant reduction was shown during the periods of prophylactic reinduction with vincristine in the Pinkel VII scheme, The IgM level was significantly raised in the initial stage before treatment and in all periods of treatment both in the Pinkel VII group and in an earlier therapeutic group treated with methotrexate every two weeks and vincristine pulses every six weeks. IgA was raised in both groups before treatment but significantly reduced during the phases of maintenance and reinduction. About 50% of the P VII cases had negative DNCB skin tests during maintenance therapy, while all long-term survivors in the earlier methotrexate group had a positive skin test.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1976

[Blood and cerebrospinal fluid B and T lymphocytes in mumps-meningitis (author's transl)].

20 children, 12 boys and 8 girls, with mumps-meningitis have been investigated during the acute stage of illness. Immunoglobulin-concentration, B and T cell ratios were determined in venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid. In the blood no correlation between the percentage of B cells and immunoglobulin-levels, or the course of illness could be observed. Total protein level as well as cell count, the concentration of glucose and chloride were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid at the same time. No correlation between the percentage of B cells and immunoglobulin-levels could be observed in cerebrospinal fluid. No difference in the number of B and T cells was observed between blood and cerebrospinal fluid. These results demonstrate, that the lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid in meningitis possess the same surface markers and show about the same B to T cell ratio as it is found on the lymphocytes of blood.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1976

[BCG-septicemia and mucocutaneous candidiasis due to familial combined immunodeficiency (authors transl)].

The history of a patient with mucocutaneous candidiasis and BCG-septicemia is reported. Combined immunodeficiency has been diagnosed as the underlying cause. A sister of the patient died at seven months of age under similar circumstances. The importance of the immunological diagnosis in severe bacterial and mycotic infection during early infancy has been emphasized. In such cases vaccinations with life vaccine are strongly contraindicated.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1975

[Incomplete, combined hereditary immunodeficiency with generalized tuberculosis after BCG-vaccination from bacille Calmette Guérin (author's transl)].

A case of hereditary incomplete, combined immunodeficiency is reported. The patient, a 20-week-old boy, suffered from severe, generalized tuberculosis after BCG-vaccination. A conspicuous discrepancy was found between the normal number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and the severe morphological changes in the organs of the lymphoreticular system (deficient development of thymic structures; absence of lymphocytes in the thymus and the thymus-dependent areas of the periphery as well as in the bursa-dependent structures). A partial primary defect of the stem cells and a secondary insufficiency of the functions with incomplete differentiation due to an insufficiency of the primary lymphatic organs are discussed as possible causative factors. The inability to develop epitheloid cells in connection with the tuberculous infection is interpreted in part as a sequence of a T-cell insufficiency.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1975

[Immunologic types of lymphocytes in acute lymphatic leukemia during remission (author's transl)].

The rates of B and T-cell-subpopulations of lymphocytes were examined on 15 children with acute lymphatic leukemia during the first complete remission under maintenance in the Pinkel VII scheme and in 6 further cases with modification of this scheme of treatment compared to normal children in the same age groups. Further on 4 children during a relapse, on 1 during the second remission, and on 3 during long-term remissions. The most important result was a significant reduction of B cells during intensive maintenance therapy of the Pinkel scheme. In the few cases of long-term remissions a reduction of B cells was no longer observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

HL-A antigens in idiopathic Addison's disease.

The frequencies of 36 HL-A antigens of the SD-1, SD-2 and SD-3 locus have been determined in 20 patients with idiopathic Addison's disease and compared with those of 450 controls. No significantly different HL-A antigen frequencies could be observed in both groups. These findings are in contradiction to data reported by a Copenhagen group. Possible mechanisms which might have led to this discrepancy are discussed.

Addison Disease↗