Biomedical subjects

M F Cisse

Publications and source records attributed to M F Cisse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

[Antibiotic resistance of the most frequently isolated germs at the Fann University Teaching Hospital between January 1999 and December 2000].

Bacterial infections take up an important place in tropical pathology and have an increased death-rate. Among the causes of this strong mortality, the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics keeps a dominant part. We carried out, between January 1999 and December 2000 a study aiming to establish the distribution of the most frequently isolated germs at the Laboratory of Bacteriology of Fann Hospital, their sensibility to antibiotics and the different phenotypes of resistance. We noticed a predominance of enterobacteria (69.30%), notably Escherichia coli (56.76%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (47.69%), but also Staphylococcus aureus (13.91%). Enterobacteria present 39.7% of resistant phenotypes to beta-lactams (E. coli: 61.75% and K. pneumoniae: 47.69%). Only the third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolons are constantly actives on enterobacteria, and 69% of S. aureus strains are resistant to methicillin, and so to all beta-lactams. Pseudomonas aeruginosa become difficult to overcome: 51.13% of the strains produce beta-lactamase. The quinolons are the most active antibiotics on this germ. It is very important to settle network that will be in charge to survey the evolution of these bacterial resistances.

Bacteria↗

PubMed2000

Molecular characteristics and susceptibility to antibiotics of serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated in Senegal in 1999.

A total of 22 strains of Neisseria meningitidis isolated from cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients in Dakar, Senegal, in the course of an epidemic of meningococcal meningitis in 1999 were studied. All the strains were serogroup A, serotype 21:P1.9 and belonged to clonal subgroup III-1. The strains were resistant to sulphonamide, but were susceptible to ampicillin, ceftriaxone and chloramphenicol, which are used in the treatment of cerebrospinal meningitis in Senegal.

Alleles↗

PubMed2000

[Urinary tract infections in Dakar: etiologies, therapeutic basis].

This prospective study, performed in Fann University Teaching Hospital from January 1st to December 31st 1998, concern 1446 samples of urine. Enterobacteria (87.56%) were the most frequent aetiology, and Escherichia coli (48.7%) was the leading species in this family. The strains of E. coli present more resistant profil to beta-lactams (70.27%). Fluoroquinolons are active on more than 80% of the strains responsible of urinary tract infection in Dakar.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗

PubMed1999

Characterization of M. tuberculosis strains from west African patients by spoligotyping.

Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains was carried out using isolates collected from 69 Senegalese and 20 Ivory Coast tuberculosis patients. These 89 isolates were typed by means of the spoligotyping technique, showing clusterized populations of bacterial strains. In the Senegalese patients, 35 genetic profiles were observed with 10 clusters of spoligotypes from 44 isolates. Among Ivory Coast patients, 11 spoligotypes were found for 20 isolates. A particular cluster of isolates was evident both in Senegalese (10) and Ivory Coast (11) patients. These results show the existence of polymorphism of the direct repeat region for African M. tuberculosis strains. However they suggest that additionnal markers are needed for accurate epidemiological studies in areas that are highly endemic for tuberculosis.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗

PubMed1999

[Sensitivity to cotrimoxazole of bacteria isolated at the Central University Hospital of Fann, Dakar].

This study concern a survey of bacterial resistance to cotrimoxazole; 510 strains of Enterobacteria (167), Vibrio cholerae(206) and Staphylococcus aureus(137) were tested by disc diffusion and agar dilution methods. An interview was conducted with 86 health personals to appreciate the influence of prescription. Staphylococcus aureus were the most susceptible bacteria (13% of resistance), and Vibrio cholerae the most resistant (95%). Related to the gender, Enterobacteria present 43 to 72% of resistance. The data of interview show a very frequent use of cotrimoxazole, related to the disponibility and the accessibility of this drug.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1998

[Burkholderia cepacia isolation and characterization from hospital infections].

The evolution of reanimation and functional exploration techniques has led to and explosion of nosocomial infections. They are prevailing in Intensive Care and Neonatal Units. This study deals with B. cepacia strains isolated in 1996 in a pediatric hospital of the Dakar University Hospital Center, following the installation of tracheo-bronchial exhausters which are used for obstruction removal among children. The 44 B. cepacia strains examined come from 42 blood cultures done among 29 boys and 13 girls aged between 5 days and 7 years, and from 2 exhausters. After identification by API20 NE (bio Merieux), a standard antibiogram, a 3 characters biotyping (O.N.P.G., esculin, nitrate reductase) and a study of the polymorphism of the DNA enzymatic restriction profile obtained by an pulsed field electrophoresis are performed on the isolates. The contamination come from the exhausters. All the strains produce an orange-colored yellow pigment. Only an O.N.P.G. (+), nitrate reductase (+) biotype was identified. The antibiotic susceptibility profile is almost pathognomonic for the 44 tested strains: sensitivity (100%) to ceftriaxone, to ceftazidime, to aztreonam: to contrimoxazole (96%) and to chloramphenicol (91%). Search for widen spectrum beta-lactamses and antibiotics resistance plasmids was negative. However, those strains that are multiples resistant, discharge others 8.1. isofocal point beta-lactamases. The R.F.L.P. study demonstrated a unique profile. The B. cepacia transmission is the result of the installation of medical reanimation equipment that are not well taken care of. The nosocomial infections ascertained so far are ordinary bacteremias. Strain's phenotypical and genotypical identification shows the presence of only one clone. To overcome there nosocomial infections, hygienic measures have to be reinforced.

Burkholderia Infections↗

PubMed1998

[Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dakar].

This study was carried out at the Fann University Hospital Center in Dakar, Senegal between 1994 and 1996. The purpose was to assess the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and to propose alternative treatments. A total of 149 stains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from a variety of clinical specimens. Sensitivity to various antibiotics was tested by the disc diffusion technique (anti-biogram). Resistance to methicillin was evaluated by the oxacillin disc diffusion technique on Mueller-Hinton agar containing 5% NaCl. The prevalence of methicillin resistance was 66.4%. All strains of Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to vancomycin. Other highly effective antibiotics included fucidic acid (94%), aminoglycosides (91%), cotrimoxazol (89.6%), and norfloxacin (84.5%). Most strains (70.6%) presented a wide profile against macrolides and related groups. The LSa phenotype (resistance to lincosamines and streptogramines) was the predominant resistant phenotype. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is increasing in Senegal. Since these strains respond well to chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole, clinicians are advised to use these drugs as an alternative first-line treatment.

Methicillin Resistance↗

PubMed1997

[Nosocomial Klebsiella pneumoniae infections at the Fann University Hospital Center, Dakar].

Twenty one (21) strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae are isolated from patients hospitalized since 48 hours for neurological affections, and from medical staff hands. Eighteen (18) other strains isolated from other clinics were studied for comparison. The identification used API20 E system (BioMérieux), and the susceptibility to antibiotics was tested by disc diffusion test (antibiogram). Production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase was studied by synergy test method. Arbitrarily primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR) was used to compare the electrophoretic profiles of the strains. Nosocomial strains are more resistant than the other: 57.14% vs 16.67% (p = 0.02) and 28.57% among them are extended-spectrum beta-lactamase positive. Amikacin (87.5%) and Ciprofloxacin (100%) are the most efficient antibiotics, when Cotrimoxazole inhibits 31.25% of the strains. The electrophoretic profiles show an important diversity of strains and suggest an external contamination.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[A baobab solution for the prevention and treatment of acute dehydration in infantile diarrhea].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of a local solution based on "pain de singe", fruit of baobab (Adansonia digitata), and the WHO standard solution in the treatment of children with acute diarrhea and resulting mild to moderate dehydration. METHODOLOGY: A prospective clinical trial comparing the local solution to the standard WHO solution was conducted; in children of 6 months or older (mean age = 16.6 +/- 8.8 months), 79 received the WHO solution and 82 the local solution, and were followed for a period ranging from 4 to 48 hours. Evolution of diarrhea and weight gain were evaluated as variables of interest. RESULTS: WHO solution was found to be superior, but not statistically significant in term of duration of diarrhea and weight gain. DISCUSSION: The pain de singe based solution presents additional advantages: nutritional, economic and cultural; we recommend it to promote use of TRO at home.

Bicarbonates↗

PubMed1997

[Sensitivity profiles of enterobacteria isolated at th Fann University Hospital Center, Dakar].

This study concerns 180 strains of Enterobacteria isolated at Fann University Teaching Hospital (Dakar, Senegal). The susceptibility to antibiotics was tested by disc diffusion test (antibiogram) and by dilution method determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). All of the species present more resistant profile to beta-lactams (> 55%); however ceftriaxon and aztreonam present the lower MIC 50 (< 0.06 microgram/ml). Fluoroquinolon inhibits more than 90% of the strains of E. Coli and Proteus. Chloramphenicol is active on Salmonella, but ceftriaxon, aztreonam and the fluoroquinolon present good alternatives. Cotrimoxazole is active only on 54% of Shigella strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1996

[Bacteriology of vulvo-vaginitis in pediatrics].

Fifty (50) samples of genital secretions are collected from young girls between 1983 and 1994 at Albert Royer Hospital (Dakar, Senegal), to research pathogenic strains. Each sample were studied by microscopic examination and culture in several media after enrichment. 70% of the samples are positive of specific agents (37.25%), particularly Candida albicans (19.6%). Neisseria gonorrhoeae was found among the elders. This retrospective study shows the rarity of specific agents of genital infections generally isolated among the adults. The authors were not able to research other agents as Chlamydia trachomatis or viruses.

Child↗

PubMed1995

[Bacteriological study of purulent otitis media in children in CHU in the tropical zone].

BACKGROUND: Haemophilus influenzae and S pneumoniae are the most common causative agents of acute otitis media in Europe and the USA. This work aimed to identify the agents in Senegal and to study their sensitivity to antibiotics. POPULATION AND METHODS: Two hundred and one patients, aged 0 to 15 years, with persistent middle-ear effusion, were included in this study from 1983 to 1993. Purulent samples aspirated from the external canal were analysed for bacteriology and sensitivity testing. RESULTS: Eighty two percent of cultures were positive for Staphylococcus aureus (37%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25%), Proteus (18%) and Klebsiella (8%). Positive cultures were found mainly in children aged between 1 and 5 years. Amikacin and cefotaxim were the most active antibiotics against the majority of strains. Staphylococcus aureus was always resistant to penicillin. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus as the causative agent of persistent middle-ear effusion may be explained by late examination. Its resistance to penicillin favors early administration of third generation cephalosporins or pristanimycin.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Purulent pleurisy in the child].

We studied 122 cases of empyema in children. The mean age was 3 years. We found malnutrition in 33% of the patients. 60% of them had large pleural effusion and 56% associated pneumonia. Staphylococcus aureus (51%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (18%) were the most frequently isolated bacterias in pleural fluid. The mortality rate was 6.5%. 53% of the children had closed chest tube drainage. There were minor abnormalities in pulmonary function tests. The best treatment of empyema in children is closed chest tube drainage and an antimicrobial therapy with antistaphylococcus antibiotic.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Urinary bacteriology in the elderly in the tropical zone: results of 5 years of activities at the CHU of Fann in Dakar].

The authors report a retrospective account on 5 years (1987-1991) studied on 300 specimen of urine, coming from subjects aged 65 or more and having been submitted to bacteriologic examination in Dakar, Senegal (microscopic examination, counting, isolation, identification of bacteria, antibiotic tests). On the whole, 8150 samples of urine were recorded during the same period in the Laboratory of Bacteriology (CHU de Fann). The results obtained show a particular exposure of the old subjects to urinary tract infection (37%, against 23% in subjects aged less 65 years). The isolation of bacteria was not attached to sex. E. coli and Klebsiella sp. are the most frequently isolated in urine. The most efficacy antibiotics on these agents are the Cepholosporins, the Aminosids, Nitroxolin and Oxolonic Acid.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1992

[Evaluation of Vibrio cholerae isolation over 10 years in CHU Fann].

A retrospective study, concerning ten thousand five hundred and sixty five (10,565) stool samples examined from 1981 to 1990, was done at the Bacteriology Laboratory of Fann University Hospital, Dakar (Sénégal). One thousand and six hundred and eighty (1680) enteropathogen agents were detected (15.9%), five hundred ninety two (592) of which were vibrio cholerae. The quasi totality strains of the vibrio cholerae (99.8%) belonged to the Ogawa serotype; they were isolated mainly during the hot and raining season. Young male adults were the most infected. Most of the strains revealed sensitive to Sulfamids and Tetracycline.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Bacteriology of shigella isolated in a tropical zone CHU].

From 1981 to 1991, five hundred eighty one Shigella's strains were isolated in the Laboratories of the CHU Fann of Dakar. They represent 24.8 per cent of enteropathogen agents and 4.3 per cent of diarrhoeae causative agents. Shigella flexneri was predominant (71%), following by Shigella dysenteriae (14.5%), Shigella sonnei (11.4%) and Shigella boydii (2.5%). In pediatric hospital 90 per cent of strains were isolated between 1 and 5 years age; in adults, the pic was found from 20 to 30 years. Five of the 13 tested antibiotics had inhibited 89 to 96 per cent of strains. The isolation of multiresistant strains will be in rapport with the antibiotic resistant plasmide portage.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Seroprevalence of anti-Delta antibodies in hospital workers in Dakar].

708 hospital workers in CHU of Dakar were tested to HBs antigen: among them 128 were positive and tested to Delta antibody by ELISA Abbott kit. Seven men and one woman were positive; however the positivity to Delta antibody is neither linked to sex, nor to age. 87% of the Delta antibody carriers were found among the trainees, and 50% of them studied in the Odonto-Stomatology Institute.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Salmonellosis: evaluation of 606 strains isolated in Dakar].

From 1979 to 1982, 606 strains of Salmonella have been isolated in the Laboratories of the CHU of Dakar, Senegal. The endemics serotypes are S. typhi (73%), S. enteritidis (5% and S. typhimurium (5%). Among the epidemics serotypes of Salmonella, the more commonly isolated is S. ordonnez (10%). These four serotypes represented 93% of the strains of Salmonella. Seventy per cent of the strains had been isolated from patients aged under less than twenty years. The epidemic serotypes provide essentially from infant. Five antibiotics among the eighteen tested, have inhibited 100% of Salmonella. A multiresistance to more than five antibiotics have been observed for sixty four strains (11%). Some strains of S. typhi (4%) are resistant to the chloramphenicol and three of them were multiresistants; this may result from the transfer of plasmidic's resistance of multiresistant epidemics serotypes Salmonella circulating in Dakar. In Sénégal, periodics studies of the epidemiology of Salmonella are justified.

Adolescent↗