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Biomedical subjects

M Faure

Publications and source records attributed to M Faure.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Hormonal assessment in a woman with acne and alopecia].

Acne, androgenogenetic alopecia, hyperseborrhea and hirsutism may result from hyperandrogenism in women. This may be peripheral "idiopathic" hyperandrogenism due to cutaneous metabolism of steroids, but in some cases hyperandrogenism is due to abnormal production or input of steroids with androgenic activity (hyperplasia, endocrine tumors, cysts, consumption of progestogens or other hormones with androgenic activity, menopause...). An assessment is useful only in cases of acne or alopecia if they are accompanied by other signs of peripheral hyperandrogenism and/or disturbed menstruation. The treatment is based on the administration of an anti-androgen (in France, usually cyproterone acetate), combined with other local or systemic treatments for the problem, depending on the age, dermatological signs and context.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1991

Reactivity of indole derivatives towards oxygenated radicals.

The reactivity of a series of indole derivatives was assessed in the following systems: (i) oxidation of the indole derivatives induced by the thermolysis of 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) (ABAP); (ii) oxidation of cumene induced by the thermolysis of 2,2'-azobis-(2-methyl propionitrile) (AIBN); (iii) lysozyme inactivation induced by the thermolysis of ABAP and (iv) brain homogenate autoxidation. In systems (ii) to (iv), addition of the indole derivatives decreases the rate of the process. The data obtained indicate that common factors (i.e., oxidation potential and presence of N-H bonds) control the reactivity of the indole derivatives in the four systems considered. However, in the brain homogenate autoxidation, hydrophobicity is an additional factor that affects the efficiency of antioxidants, as illustrated by Q1/2 values (the concentration of additive required to decrease the autoxidation rate to one half that observed in the absence of additive) of 0.1 mM and much greater than 8 mM for 3-methylindole and tryptophan, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of additives on the inactivation of lysozyme mediated by free radicals produced in the thermolysis of 2,2'-azo-bis-(2-amidinopropane).

The inactivation of lysozyme caused by the radicals produced by thermolysis of 2,2'-azo-bis-2-amidinopropane can be prevented by the addition of different compounds that can react with the damaging free radicals. Compounds of high reactivity (propyl gallate, Trolox, cysteine, albumin, ascorbate, and NADH) afford almost total protection until their consumption, resulting in well-defined induction times. The number of radicals trapped by each additive molecule consumed ranges from 3 (propyl gallate) to 0.12 (cysteine). This last value is indicative of chain oxidation of the inhibitor. Uric acid is able to trap nearly 2.2 radicals per added molecule, but even at large (200 microM) concentrations, a residual inactivation of the enzyme is observed, which may be caused by urate-derived radicals. Compounds of lower reactivity (tryptophan, Tempol, hydroquinone, desferrioxamine, diethylhydroxylamine, methionine, histidine, NAD+ and tyrosine) only partially decrease the lysozyme inactivation rates. For these compounds, we calculated the concentration necessary to reduce the enzyme inactivation rate to one half of that observed in the absence of additives. These concentrations range from 9 microM (tryptophan and Tempol) to 5 mM (NAD+).

Amidines↗
PubMed1990

Action of staphylococcal exfoliative toxins on epidermal cell cultures and organotypic skin.

In the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, spontaneous intraepithelial cleavages are due to the exfoliative toxins A or B (ETA or ETB). Until now, these toxins have been studied either on epidermis or on organotypic skin cultures. In the present study, we compare the effects of these toxins on human keratinocyte cell cultures to those on human and mouse organotypic skin cultures. With concentrations of ETA or ETB of 1 mg/ml for 3 hours, spontaneous intraepithelial cleavages were noted in both cell and organotypic cultures. Keratinocyte cell cultures were as sensitive as organotypic skin cultures to these toxins. Since keratohyaline granules may represent a possible binding site for ETA or ETB, we tried to correlate the expression of keratohyaline granules with the appearance of intraepithelial clefts due to the toxins. However, when cultured in liquid medium, epithelia were not differentiated enough to allow the detection of the binding site of ETA-ETB.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of cyclosporin A on cultured human epidermal keratinocytes. Growth and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation.

We have studied the in vitro effect of CsA at various doses (0.5, 1, 5, 10 micrograms/ml) on the growth and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation by cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (EK). CsA was found to reduce the growth of EK at all doses used after 24, 48 and 72 h in culture, but the difference with appropriate controls became statistically significant for the dose of 10 micrograms/ml after a 48- and 72-h culture. On the other hand, CsA-treated EK comprised a reduced fraction of BrdU + (S-phase) cells, the difference being statistically significant for the dose of 10 micrograms/ml at 24, 48 and 72 h. Ultrastructural examination of CsA-treated EK, despite the presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles also observed in control EK did not show signs of severe cytoplasmic or nuclear damage. These results confirm the antiproliferative effect of CsA on cultured EK and suggest that at the concentration used, CsA acts through a cytostatic rather than a cytotoxic mechanism, most likely by blocking EK in an early phase (G0/G1) of the cell cycle.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical application of grafts of cultured epidermis in burn patients. Apropos of 16 patients].

The authors report a series of 16 patients with extensive burns partially treated by epidermal culture between May 1985 and July 1988. This series consisted of 9 males and 7 females between the ages of 6 and 88 years (mean age: 34 years). The mean surface area of the burns was 66% (range: 30% to 92%). The technique of epidermis culture used was derived from that developed by Green and Rheinwald. A fragment of full-thickness skin taken from the patient was subjected to the action of trypsin. The keratinocytes were cultured on nutrient layers of 3T3 cells. After 10 days, the secondary cultures corresponded to stratified squamous epithelium with a differentiation similar to that of normal human epithelium. This cultured epithelium was used for autografts as well as allografts. Three deaths were related to septic or metabolic complications of the burn. The take rate of the initial graft was greater than 50% in 9 patients. In 3 patients the graft take rate was less than 50% and in 4 patients it was nil. The long-term evaluation of 12 patients revealed partial lysis of the grafts in 3 patients, a stable result in 6 patients and a healed surface greater than the grafted surface in three cases. The best results were obtained with autografts. The initial evaluation of taking of the graft is difficult, as the fine and shiny texture of the grafts is sometimes difficult to distinguish from non-covered zones. The good tolerance of cultured epidermis allografts is due to the fact that they are devoid of Langerhans cells. Although controversial, the reality of the taking of these allografts opens the way to establishing epidermis culture banks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Phospholipid antigens acquired by the young forms of Schistosoma mansoni].

Immunofluorescence studies provide evidence of cardiolipin fixation at the schistosomulum's surface, following incubation with liposomes (cardiolipin-lecithin or cardiolipin-lecithin added with cholesterol). Fixation occurs at 37 degrees C as well as at 0 degree C whether proteins were present or not. Several washes do not remove cardiolipin fixation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Dermal duct tumor.

A dermal duct tumor which clinically resembled an intradermal nevus and developed on the lower back of a 59-year-old woman is described. The diagnosis could only be reached by microscopic examination. The dermal duct tumor appears to originate from cells with differentiation towards the intradermal portion of the eccrine sweat duct.

Female↗
PubMed1979

[Cutaneous reactions to propranolol (author's transl)].

A 17-year-old male patient with eczematous and psoriasiform eruption that developed during long-term therapy with Propanolol (Avlocardyl) has been studied. This eruption disappeared after removal of the drug; oral challenge was soon followed by a vesiculous and bullous eruption of face and extremities; five months later, sun exposure was followed by a severe eczematous eruption in these areas; nails changes were then observed. Most of side-effects of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs have been reported with Practolol: lichenoid, exanthematous, eczematous, psoriasiform rashes; exfoliative dermatitis; oculo-muco-cutaneous reactions; fibrosing polyseritis and drug induced systemic lupus erythematosus manifestations. Adverse effects of other beta-adrenergic blocking agents are less frequent. The pathogenetic mechanism responsible for these adverse reactions is still obscur: these changes might be caused by blockade of the epidermal cells (and T-lymphocytes) beta-receptors, more than by a direct immunologic, allergic or toxic mechanism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Shulman's syndrome: eosinophilic fasciitis (author's transl)].

A detailed report is made of the clinical, histological, biological manifestations of eosinophilic fasciitis, i. e. the Shulman's syndrome, about a 53-year-old man. An extreme induration of sub-cutaneous tissues from arms, legs and trunk, without involvement of the face and extremities, was associated with severe thickening of deep peri-muscular fascias. Raynaud's phenomenon was absent, as were morpheas and visceral involvement. Results of biopsies studied by standard, electron and I. F. microscopy, revealed sclerosis and cellular infiltrates (lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes and eosinophils) in fascia and muscular septa; no changes were seen in epidermis, dermis or sub-cutaneous fat tissue. An elevated ESR, eosinophilia and hyperimmunoglobulinaemia with high levels of circulating immune complexes were the only biological abnormalities. A good response to systemic corticosteroid therapy was observed. These features were similar to those seen in other cases of eosinophilic fasciitis. The etiology and pathogenesis of the Shulman's syndrome remain unclear. A critical review of the literature suggests that eosinophilic fasciitis should be separated from scleroderma and pseudoscleroderma, although this opinion has been discussed.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1978

Defective leukocytotaxia and recurrent staphylococcal infecion: deficiency of leukocytotaxia and abnormal granulocytes associated with increase serum IgE levels in an adult with recurrent staphylococcal infection.

A man who was suffering from recurrent staphylococcal infection had antecedent symptoms of severe pruritus. Laboratory investigations showed leukocytosis with eosinophilia, hyperimmunoglobulinemia of all fractions, but particularly of IgE, and a deficiency of cell-mediated immunity on in vivo testing. Phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were normal, but a cellular and serum-associated defect in leukocytotaxia was present. Ultrastructural changes were observed in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Association of impaired leukocytotaxia and elevated levels of IgE is not uncommon. Recurrent bacterial infections in the patient described are probably related to defective chemotaxis.

Aged↗