PubMed · 12718149
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E Grosshans, J Revuz, M Faure, J C Roujeau, C Bedane. 2002. [Acne].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12718149/
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For treating signs of androgenisation (seborrhoea, acne, hirsutism, alopecia) ethinylestradiol in combination with an antiandrogenic progestin is the treatment of choice in adolescents and females throughout the reproductive years, since these combinations are also highly suitable for contraception. Under long-term treatment a favourable effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism can be seen due to the antiandrogenic properties of the progestins. These combinations also correct menstrual cycle disturbances and thus reduce the incidence of anaemia. In addition, the frequency of dysmenorrhoea and pelvic inflammatory disease will be lowered and there is a reduction in the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer.
A twenty year old, foreign-born sportsman visited the Out-patient Clinic of our Hospital with complaints of progressive arthralgia, hepatomegaly and increasingly abnormal liver function tests of six months duration. Tests for virus hepatitis were negative, alcohol abuse or drug addiction could be excluded. An open needle biopsy of the liver was performed and the tissue was examined with the light and electron microscope. On routine light microscopy no abnormality was recognized. Electron microscopic examination revealed changes characteristic of vitamin A toxicity: hyperplasia of the perisinusoidal (Ito) cells with evidence of their activation and transformation, increased storage of lipids and vitamin A, perisinusoidal fibrosis, damage of the sinusoidal wall, partial necrosis in hepatocytes and an increased number of lysosomes, megalysosomes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), the signs of cholestasis as well as an increased number of Kupffer cells in the lobules etc. Histochemical examination showed a high content of vitamin A in the transitional (Ito) cells and in hepatocytes. These data led to further questioning of the patient who disclosed that he had acne conglobata which had been treated with Isotretionin, 20 mg/day, for more than half a year. After the therapy was stopped, the symptoms of polyarthralgia improved and after a few months they ceased entirely, however, the laboratory data returned to normal only after a long period of time. This case indicates that electron microscopic examination of the liver biopsy may play an important role in the recognition of vitamin A intoxication. It also illustrates that symptoms of joint disease may be caused by long-term retinoid treatment. The authors have presented the latest clinical and experimental data concerning the changes in the liver, joints and skeleton caused by retinoid intoxication.
First reports about the use of the excimer laser in dermatology date back to 1997. It is seen as an improvement on conventional phototherapy and photochemotherapy because of the lower cumulative UV-dose involved, the shorter time frame required for treatment and the option of targeting individual lesions without affecting the surrounding healthy skin. In addition to the indications of psoriasis vulgaris, vitiligo and atopic eczema (for which there is now FDA approval in the US), the spectrum of possible uses for the excimer laser is growing rapidly, especially in the field of light-sensitive dermatoses. Case studies so far have ranged from post-operative hypopigmentation to acne vulgaris and from alopecia areata to parapsoriasis en plaque. The foremost priorities in the future will be to evaluate reproducible therapeutic regimens with realistic prospects of success in large-scale studies; assess potential iatrogenic risks in treatment; develop pathogenetic models for the mechanism of action; and define therapeutic approaches to new indications. This paper summarizes the publications to date and discusses our observations and experiences.