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Biomedical subjects

M Flynn

Publications and source records attributed to M Flynn.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Differentiation between benign and malignant disease of the breast using digital subtraction angiography of the breast.

The authors have investigated digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions detected initially by mammography. Eighteen patients scheduled for biopsy first underwent digital subtraction angiography of the breast (DSAB). Criteria for malignancy included the presence of abnormal vessels and a "blush" in the area of the lesion. A total of 17 lesions are currently available for histopathologic correlation. Although this is a small series, the initial results of DSAB suggest its potential utility for differentiating between benign and malignant lesions.

Angiography↗
PubMed1984

Primary and familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia.

Our specific aim was to assess within-family clustering of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels in kindreds identified through probands with primary hypoalphalipoproteinemia, and to determine whether, and to what degree, familial aggregation of HDLC less than or equal to the tenth percentile represents a heritable trait, familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia. Our probands were selected arbitrarily by virtue of HDLC less than or equal to the age-sex-race-specific tenth percentile as the sole dyslipoproteinemia, with an additional requirement that they be normotriglyceridemic (triglyceride levels less than the 90th percentile). The probands were also required to have primary hypoalphalipoproteinemia, not secondary to diseases and/or drugs. Fifteen of the 16 probands were men; 12 were referred because of premature myocardial infarction, angina, or stroke, 2 because of family history of premature myocardial infarction or stroke, and 2 because of low HDLC observed on routine health examinations. Two of the 16 kindreds exhibited three-generation vertical transmission of bottom decile HDLC. In three kindreds, there was also three-generation vertical transmission of bottom decile HDLC, but top decile triglycerides accompanied bottom decile HDLC in one or more generations. Eight kindreds displayed two-generation vertical transmission of bottom decile HDLC. After excluding probands, there were 11 critical matings (bottom decile HDLC by normal), with 30 living offspring, all of whom were sampled. Of these 30 offspring, 13 had bottom decile HDLC, 17 had HDLC greater than tenth percentile. The ratio of offspring with bottom decile HDLC to those of HDLC greater than tenth percentile was 13:17 (0.76/1), not significantly different from the ratio of 1/1, the ratio predictive of a dominant trait, X2(1) = 0.53, P greater than 0.4. The nearly 1:1 segregation ratio for the group of offspring was not due to the aggregation of sibships with, in general, most of the sibs, or none of the sibs affected; within-family expression of low HDLC was also not sex-linked. The 13 hypoalphalipoproteinemic offspring of 11 critical matings included only two subjects whose bottom decile HDLC was accompanied by top decile triglyceride. Our data suggests that not only (by selection) was low HDLC in the probands the sole dyslipoproteinemia, but that the segregation of low HDLC in offspring of critical matings was primarily accounted for by isolated low HDLC, not by hypoalphalipoproteinemia secondary to hypertriglyceridemia. Familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia is a heritable disorder with a pattern of transmission not significantly different from that expected by a hypothesis of mendel

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Bile acid receptors in colorectal cancer.

Bile acids are thought to be involved in both the aetiology and development of colorectal cancer. In this study the existence of specific bile acid receptor proteins has been postulated. A receptor assay which involved labelling with 14C-deoxycholic acid was performed as well as autoradiography using 3H-deoxycholic acid. In an initial study resected colorectal cancer and adjacent histologically normal colorectal mucosa from 39 patients were studied, as were samples of normal gastric mucosa, cancers and benign colorectal tumours. Specific receptors to deoxycholic acid were detected in 12 (30.8 per cent) of the colorectal cancers, but in only 1 (2.6 per cent) of the samples from normal colorectal mucosa (X2 = 11.16, P less than 0.005). No deoxycholic acid receptors were detected in any other tissue studied. Autoradiographs of colorectal cancers showed binding of 3H-deoxycholic acid in receptor-positive tumour tissue. These findings might provide some explanation for the evidence linking bile acids with the disease.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1982

Effects of bile acids on human colonic motor function in vitro.

The effect of bile acid perfusion on colonic motor function in vitro has been studied. It was found that bile acid perfusion and carbachol perfusion had no effect on the frequency or incidence of slow wave activity. However, the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (15 mmol/l) was shown to cause a statistically significant increase in percentage motility of the isolated colon (control 24.2 + 5.5%, deoxycholic acid 64.9 + 7.3%, p less than 0.01). The magnitude of this increase was similar to the increased colonic motility recorded during carbachol (2.5 micrograms/cm3) infusion. Chenodeoxycholic and cholic acids did not increase colonic motility in vitro.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1981

Faecal bile acids and the irritable colon syndrome.

Faecal bile acid excretion and rectosigmoid myoelectrical activity were measured on three separate occasions over a 12-month period in 21 patients with the irritable colon syndrome. The results were compared with those of a group of normal subjects. Deoxycholic acid excretion was statistically significantly lower in patients with the irritable colon syndrome. In addition, these patients had a persistently high incidence of 0.03-0.06 Hz (2-4 c/m) rectosigmoid slow-wave electrical activity. These abnormal values persisted throughout the period of the study.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1980

Faecal bile acid excretion in diverticular disease.

Faecal bile acid excretion and sigmoid myoelectrical activity were measured on three separate occasions over a 12-month period in 21 patients with diverticular disease and the result were compared with those of 17 age-matched normal subjects. Statistically significantly lower faecal concentrations of both deoxycholic and lithocholic acid were found in patients with diverticular disease (96.7 +/- 11.3 mg/100 g, 59.6 +/- 6.0 mg/100 g respectively) when compared with normal subjects (219 +/- 32.0 mg/100 g and 117.6 +/- 14.6 mg/100 g respectively, P < 0.001). These values persisted throughout the period of study. Patients with diverticular disease were found to have an abnormally rapid myoelectrical rhythm (frequency 0.2-0.3 Hz [12-18 c/min] which returned towards normal after 1 year's bran treatment. Significant correlations were found between lithocholic acid concentrations and activity of 0.2-0.3 Hz (r = 0.67) and deoxycholic acid concentrations and activity of 0.1-015 Hz (6-9 c/min) (r = 0.62). It is suggested that increased colonic absorption of bile acids may occur in diverticular disease which may influence the myoelectrical activity.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1980

Effect of bile acid perfusion on colonic motor function in patients with the irritable colon syndrome.

A study was performed to determine the effect of bile acid perfusion on motility in the sigmoid colon of patients with the irritable colon syndrome compared with normal subjects. Deoxycholic acid (15 mM) statistically significantly increased motility in normal subjects (control 25.0 +/- 6.4%, perfusion 71.4 +/- 7.2%, P < 0.05) but neither chenodeoxycholic acid nor cholic acid had any apparent effect. In patients with the irritable colon syndrome, however, deoxycholic acid at 5 mM concentration (control 29.8 +/- 4.2%, during perfusion 57.4 +/- 6.5%, P < 0.05) as well as at 15 mM concentration (control 19.4 +/- 5.7+, perfusion 57.8 +/- 9.6%, P < 0.05) statistically significantly increased rectosigmoid motility. Patients with the irritable colon syndrome had a high resting 0.033-0.066 Hz (2-4 c/m) electrical activity, whereas in normal subjects 0.1-0.15 Hz (6-9 c/m) activity was greater. However, there was no statistically significant alteration in either electrical rhythm during the period of bile acid perfusion. In conclusion, additional evidence is presented to suggest that deoxycholic acid is the only bile acid likely to be implicated in the motor disorder of the irritable colon syndrome.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1979

The effect of bile acids on colonic myoelectrical activity.

The effect of different concentrations of sodium cholate, sodium chenodeoxycholate and sodium deoxycholate on colonic myoelectrical activity was studied in 4 dogs. There was no statistically significant difference in percentage motility, motility index, basal pressure or mean slow wave frequency with either cholic or chenodeoxycholic acid (5--15 mM). Deoxycholic acid (15 mM), however, caused a marked increase in percentage motility (median control value 4.1, range 0--23; after installation, median value 27--0, range 20.6--45.0, P less than 0.001). This was accompanied by an increase in spike activity, but no alteration in mean slow wave frequency or basal pressure was seen. Cholestyramine inhibited the motor response. It appears that only deoxycholic acid affects both motility and absorption, presumably by different pathways, and may thus assume importance in disorders of colonic motility.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1979

Design and evaluation of a low cost columnar flow ventilation scheme in an operating theatre.

A plenum chamber type ventilating system which produces a column of clean filtered air in an orthopaedic operating theatre has been designed using conventional air conditioning equipment. Its performance has been evaluated by carrying out smoke studies, and air velocity studies, and its cleanliness evaluated by bacteriological sampling. Two hundred and fifty operations involving implants have been conducted since this system has been installed, and the infection has been zero. This paper reports on the performance of this low cost ventilating system.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1978

Scanning electron microscope investigation of in vivo performance of eight composite resins.

Retention. At 6 months, five restorations were lost due to retention failure. The remaining restorations were retained to 24 months and/or 30 months. The study of one material was discontinued because of numerous retention failures. Marginal wear. Facial wear along the margin in the center portion of the restoration was appreciably greater than lingual, proximal, and incisal wear. In general, most composite resins began to display evidence of wear during the first 6 months of service. Over the study period, three restorations were lost because of excessive marginal wear. Surface texture. Most materials were clinically acceptable with regard to surface texture over the course of the study. Extended studies of greater durations are indicated.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1978

Intra-articular implant of filamentous carbon fibre in the experimental animal.

The effects of filling drilled holes and articular cartilage grooves in rabbit femora with 9 micrometer diameter filamentous carbon fibre in vivo were studied. The animals were killed at four weeks and five months and the medial and lateral femoral condyles removed and studied morphologically by gross and scanning electron microscopic examination, and histologically using hematoxylin and eosin, van Gieson, toluidine blue and safranin O staining techniques. Fibrous tissue appeared to surround the carbon fibre bundle and emerge at the surface in large organised bundles, overflowing to cover the surface adjacent to the hole defects. Fibrous tissue surrounds the carbon fibre bundle, and forms a new surface over grooves made in the articular cartilage of rabbits that were kept alive for five months, the tissue within the control grooves filled with disorganised fibrous tissue. There was very little foreign body reaction and the fibrous tissue appeared to grow parallel and surround the carbon fibre bundle.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Clinical evaluation of two pinless incisal edge repairs: a 24-month study.

Adhesive resin and composite resin were used to restore the central incisors in a 21-year-old woman at an emergency treatment. Two maxillary fractured incisors were restored (one after endodontic treatment) and reexamined over a period of 24 months (Fig 5). Some slight yellowing has been noted in the endodontically treated tooth, but it has not appreciably affected appearance. The patient did not object to the discoloration and no replacements or additions were done. The restorations showed no indications of excessive wear or physical damage during the examination period.

Adult↗