Biomedical subjects

M Furuse

Publications and source records attributed to M Furuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

Improvement of dietary protein utilisation in chicks by medium chain triglyceride.

1. To improve the influence of variation of ME intake, an experiment was carried out using equalized feeding to investigate the comparative effects on protein and energy utilisation in chicks of diets containing medium chain triglyceride (MCT) and long chain triglyceride (LCT). Experimental diets were given at 3 different food intakes, namely, 100, 120 or 147 g/bird/10 d. The diets contained MCT or LCT on an isoenergetic basis. Maize oil and caprylic acid triglyceride respectively, were used as LCT and MCT sources. 2. Body weight gain and food efficiency of chicks significantly increased with the supplement of dietary MCT compared with dietary LCT at all food intakes. Protein retention and the efficiency of protein utilisation (protein retained/protein intake) at all food intakes also significantly increased with dietary MCT, while body fat and fat retention were significantly reduced. Chicks fed the LCT-supplemented diet, on the other hand, had a lower protein retention, but significantly higher fat retention. The value for energy retention and the efficiency of energy utilisation (energy retained/ME intake) were not significantly different between MCT- and LCT-supplemented diets. 3. It was concluded that supplementing MCT to the chick diet would improve body weight gain and protein utilisation while regulating fat deposition compared to the LCT supplemented diet, under equalized feeding conditions.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1993

Feeding behaviour in chickens given diets containing medium chain triglyceride.

1. The effect of dietary medium chain triglyceride (MCT) on short-term food intake was compared with the effect of long chain triglyceride (LCT) in chickens. Maize oil was used as the LCT while glyceryl tricaprylate (C 8) and glyceryl tricaprate (C 10) were used as MCT. Cumulative food intake was determined during the 6 h after the start of feeding. 2. Chicks were given diets containing 200 g C 8/kg diet, 200 g C 10/kg diet or 200 g LCT/kg diet in experiment 1. As early as 30 min after feeding, cumulative food intake in both MCT-supplemented diets decreased significantly compared with the diet containing LCT. 3. To determine if endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) was responsible for the decrease in food intake caused by MCT, birds were injected with the CCK-A receptor antagonist devazepide (DVZ, 1 mg/kg BW) before diet presentation. DVZ had no effect on food intake with either LCT- or MCT-supplemented diets. 4. In experiment 3, chicks were given a choice between either diets containing LCT and C 8, LCT and C 10, or C 8 and C 10 to confirm whether or not the palatability of the diets was influenced by the dietary fat sources. There was no difference in food intake between C 8 and C 10-supplemented diets. However, chicks preferred the LCT-supplemented diet compared with either of the diets containing MCT.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1993

Occludin: a novel integral membrane protein localizing at tight junctions.

Recently, we found that ZO-1, a tight junction-associated protein, was concentrated in the so called isolated adherens junction fraction from the liver (Itoh, M., A. Nagafuchi, S. Yonemura, T. Kitani-Yasuda, Sa. Tsukita, and Sh. Tsukita. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 121:491-502). Using this fraction derived from chick liver as an antigen, we obtained three monoclonal antibodies specific for a approximately 65-kD protein in rats. This antigen was not extractable from plasma membranes without detergent, suggesting that it is an integral membrane protein. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy with these mAbs showed that this approximately 65-kD membrane protein was exclusively localized at tight junctions of both epithelial and endothelial cells: at the electron microscopic level, the labels were detected directly over the points of membrane contact in tight junctions. To further clarify the nature and structure of this membrane protein, we cloned and sequenced its cDNA. We found that the cDNA encoded a 504-amino acid polypeptide with 55.9 kDa. A search of the data base identified no proteins with significant homology to this membrane protein. A most striking feature of its primary structure was revealed by a hydrophilicity plot: four putative membrane-spanning segments were included in the NH2-terminal half. This hydrophilicity plot was very similar to that of connexin, an integral membrane protein in gap junctions. These findings revealed that an integral membrane protein localizing at tight junctions is now identified, which we designated as "occludin."

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1993

Dietary sorbose prevents and improves hyperglycemia in genetically diabetic mice.

The effect of dietary sorbose on the prevention (Experiment 1) and amelioration (Experiment 2) of diabetes was investigated in the genetically diabetic mouse [C57BL/KsJ (db/db)] for 6 wk. When sucrose (200 g/kg diet) in a control diet was replaced by sorbose, the blood glucose concentration was dramatically lower, but the serum insulin concentrations did not differ. When mice were fed the diets before the onset of diabetic symptoms, glucose excretion in urine was prevented in the mice fed the sorbose diet, but mice fed the control diet excreted glucose in the urine, and the concentration increased with age. When dietary treatment began after the development of diabetic symptoms, dietary sorbose greatly reduced the incidence of hyperglycemia and lowered urinary glucose excretion, compared with mice fed the sucrose-containing diet. These results suggest that dietary sorbose might be useful in patients with, or at risk of developing, noninsulin-dependent diabetes, both before and after exhibiting the syndrome.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of brainstem distortion associated with a supratentorial mass.

Quantitative measurements of brainstem distortion and neural dysfunction were obtained in 25 cases of chronic subdural haematoma. The horizontal and rotational brainstem displacements were measured on axial and coronal MRI in all patients pre-operatively, and brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) were obtained in 11 cases. Logarithmic relationships were noted on both horizontal and rotational displacements of the brainstem and cerebrum. The type of shift changed in the rostro-caudal direction. In the axial plane, the cerebral hemisphere shifts and rotates, the midbrain shifts laterally with no rotation, and the pons shifts minimally but rotates moderately. In the coronal plane, the marked rotation of the cerebral hemisphere and moderate rotation of the brainstem result in midbrain kinking, suggesting a downward displacement of the midbrain. The prolongation of BAER latencies and central conduction times correlated with septum shift. The results of peak-V latency indicated that brainstem rotation in the coronal plane reflects upper brainstem dysfunction most closely. This study presents objective measurements of brainstem displacement shown on MRI, and clarifies the relationships between anatomical and physiological changes in the brainstem that are associated with supratentorial lesions.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Fastigial pressor response observed during an operation on a patient with cerebellar bleeding--an anatomical review and clinical significance.

The fastigial pressor response (FPR) consists of an abrupt rise in blood pressure and tachycardia with hyperpneic response. The FPR is an important sign in posterior fossa surgery for respiration in postoperative patients. The authors experienced a distinct pressor, tachycardiac, and hyperpneic response elicited when controlling bleeding using a bipolar coagulator forceps at the subfastigial white matter in a 72-year-old man with cerebellar hemorrhage. This response was confirmed by bipolar electrodes, which produced a weak current under deeper anesthesia by increasing the concentration of enflurane. The postoperative course of this patient was uneventful. A FPR was suggested to be mediated by axons passing between the nucleus fastigii and the fourth ventricle. These commissural fibers mediating the FPR were suggested to be countercurrent efferent pathways from both sides of the nucleus parabrachialis lateralis, located at the dorsolateral corner of the rostral pons. The authors conclude that the partial destruction of the subfastigial commissural fiber bundle did not result in permanent respiratory deficit. Fatal respiratory disturbance might be anatomically suggested by completely cutting off this fiber bundle.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

CT visualization of the major pulmonary fissures: value of 25 degrees cranially tilted axial scans.

OBJECTIVE: CT visualization of the major (oblique) pulmonary fissures is often hampered by partial volume effects of adjacent lung parenchyma. We attempted to improve visualization of the fissures by using 25 degrees cranially tilted axial scans. An initial in vitro study also was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both conventional and 25 degrees tilted axial CT scans were obtained in 40 adult patients. After scans with 2-mm collimation were obtained at 1 cm and 6 cm below the carina, the gantry was tilted 25 degrees cranially to be perpendicular to the plane of the major fissures, and scans with 2-, 5-, and 10-mm collimation were obtained at the same two levels. The appearance of the fissures was classified as linear opacity, band-like opacity, or avascular area for each lung at each level. RESULTS: On 2-mm conventional axial scans, the major fissures were seen as linear opacities in three to 23 patients (8-58%), as band-like opacities in 13-31 (32-78%), and as avascular areas in one to seven (2-18%). (Ranges indicate lowest and highest values when data for the two levels in the two lungs are grouped separately.) On 2-mm tilted scans, the ranges were 32-38 patients (80-95%), one to eight (2-20%), and zero to one (0-2%), respectively. The 2-mm tilted scans were significantly superior to the 2-mm conventional axial scans for showing the fissures (p < .01). Direct visualization as linear or band-like opacities was possible even on 10-mm tilted scans in 15-32 cases (38-80%). CONCLUSION: Our results show that visualization of the major fissure is improved when tilted CT scans rather than conventional axial scans are used.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Clinical significance of pontine high signals identified on magnetic resonance imaging].

Spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was evaluated to 530 cases in order to investigate the clinical, significance of pontine high signals. The subjects comprised 109 cases of pontine infarction with high signal on T2-weighted image and low signal on T1-weighted image (PI group), 145 of pontine high signal with high signal on T2-weighted image but normal signal on T1-weighted image (PH group) and 276 of age-matched control without abnormality either on T1 or T2-weighted images (AC group). Subjective complaints such as vertigo-dizziness were more frequent in the PH group than in the PI group. In both PI and PH groups, periventricular hyperintensity as well as subcortical high signals in the supratentorium were more severe than in the AC group. These degrees were higher in the PI group than in the PH group. In conclusion, PH as well as PI may result from diffuse arteriosclerosis and PH is considered to be an early finding of pontine ischemia.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

C33 antigen recognized by monoclonal antibodies inhibitory to human T cell leukemia virus type 1-induced syncytium formation is a member of a new family of transmembrane proteins including CD9, CD37, CD53, and CD63.

C33 Ag was originally identified by mAb inhibitory to syncytium formation induced by human T cell leukemia virus type 1. The Ag was shown to be a highly heterogeneous glycoprotein consisting of a 28-kDa protein and N-linked oligosaccharides ranging from 10 to 50 kDa. In the present study, cDNA clones were isolated from a human T cell cDNA expression library in Escherichia coli by using mAb C33. The identity of cDNA was verified by immunostaining and immunoprecipitation of transfected NIH3T3 cells with mAb. The cDNA contained an open reading frame of a 267-amino acid sequence which was a type III integral membrane protein of 29.6 kDa with four putative transmembrane domains and three putative N-glycosylation sites. The C33 gene was found to belong to a newly defined family of genes for membrane proteins, such as CD9, CD37, CD53, CD63, and TAPA-1, and was identical to R2, a cDNA recently isolated because of its strong up-regulation after T cell activation. Availability of mAb for C33 Ag enabled us to define its distribution in human leukocytes. C33 Ag was expressed in CD4+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, CD14+ monocytes, and CD16+ granulocytes. Its expression was low in CD8+ T cells and mostly negative in CD16+ NK cells. PHA stimulation enhanced the expression of C33 Ag in CD4+ T cells by about 5-fold and in CD8+ T cells by about 20-fold. PHA stimulation also induced the dramatic size changes in the N-linked sugars previously shown to accompany human T cell leukemia virus type 1-induced transformation of CD4+ T cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Strong induction of ICAM-1 in human T cells transformed by human T-cell-leukemia virus type 1 and depression of ICAM-1 or LFA-1 in adult T-cell-leukemia-derived cell lines.

Sixteen human T-cell lines were studied for the expression of a cell-adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and its counter-receptor LFA-1. The cell lines included 3 human T-cell-leukemia-virus-type-I (HTLV-1)-negative cell lines derived from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 13 HTLV-1-positive cell lines, 7 of them established from cord- or peripheral-blood T cells by in vitro transformation with HTLV-1, 2 derived from HTLV-1 carriers, and 4 derived from patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). In sharp contrast to a basal level of ICAM-1 in 3 HTLV-1-negative ALL cell lines, strong induction of ICAM-1 was seen in all HTLV-1-positive T-cell lines except for MT-1, one of the 4 ATL cell lines used in the present study. On the other hand, the expression of LFA-1 (CD11a and CD18) was more or less similar among the cell lines with and without HTLV-1. Interestingly, however, 3 out of 4 ATL cell lines (TL-Om1, H582, HUT102) revealed striking depression of LFA-1 expression. Several lines of evidence strongly argued against direct involvement of the viral transactivator p40tax or some autocrine cytokines in the induction of ICAM-1 in HTLV-1-positive T-cell lines. It was also found that ICAM-1 and LFA-1 were involved in syncytium formation induced in the co-culture of HTLV-1-positive and HTLV-1-negative human T-cell lines. Implications of constitutive expression of ICAM-1 for certain clinical manifestations of ATL and of depression of either ICAM-1 or LFA-1 during progression of ATL are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Induction of strong homotypic adhesion in human T cell lines positive with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 by monoclonal antibodies to MHC class I and beta 2-microglobulin.

To identify the cellular receptors and other cell surface molecules playing essential roles in the transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), we have been isolating monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are capable of inhibiting HTLV-1-induced syncytium formation. In the present study, we isolated two mAbs, H11 (IgM) and H14 (IgG1), inhibitory to syncytium formation in the coculture of TOM-1 or C91/PL (both HTLV-1-positive human T-cell lines) and MOLT-4/8 (HTLV-1-negative human T-cell line) by immunizing the membrane fraction of human osteosarcoma line HOS. By immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, H11 and H14 were found to be specific for MHC class I heavy chain and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2 M), respectively. Among the four commercially obtained mAbs, two mAbs for MHC class I antigen and two mAbs to beta 2 M, one mAb to MHC class I antigen and one mAb to beta 2 M were also found to be inhibitory to the syncytium formation. The functional comparison of these mAbs revealed that the syncytium-inhibitory mAbs induced strong homotypic cell adhesion particularly in the HTLV-1-positive T-cell lines. This cell adhesion was dependent on temperature, energy metabolism, and microfilament function but not on the activity of protein kinase C or divalent cations. These results suggest a novel type of LFA-1-independent cell adhesion induced by signal transduction via MHC class I antigen.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1992

Influence of dietary sorbose on lipogenesis in gold thioglucose-injected obese mice.

1. The influence of dietary sorbose on food intake and fatty acid synthesis of the liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) was investigated in gold thioglucose (GTG)-injected obese mice from 12 to 14 weeks of age. 2. Sorbose was supplemented to a semi-purified diet at a level of 200 g/kg diet at the expense of sucrose. 3. On the last day of the experiment, fatty acids synthesis in the liver and EWAT was measured using an i.p. injection [1-14C]sodium acetate. 4. The decreases in body weight and food intake by dietary sorbose in GTG-injected obese mice were greater than those in control mice. 5. Lipid content and fatty acid synthesis in the liver and EWAT of control mice were not influenced by dietary sorbose. 6. In GTG-injected obese mice, the reduction of food intake by dietary sorbose suppressed fatty acid synthesis and lipid deposition in both liver and EWAT.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Mineral balance and bone histology in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

SHRs (9 weeks old) were fed diets with or without extra NaCl (2%) and were given water or saline (1%) for 7 weeks. Food and liquid intakes were measured weekly. Blood pressure was determined at 9, 11, 13, 15, and 16 weeks of age. The values for body weight gain and food intake were not influenced by any treatment. Liquid intake greatly increased with the surplus of dietary NaCl. The blood pressure increased with age in all treatments. The increase in blood pressure was enhanced by the addition of NaCl to diet and water. Urinary potassium and calcium excretions were enhanced by added dietary NaCl and saline. Calcium content in the femoral bone was not changed by any treatment, although the number of osteoclast and the area of bone marrow were increased by saline supplementation.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Feeding behavior in rats fed diets containing medium chain triglyceride.

The effect of dietary medium chain triglyceride (MCT) on short-term food intake was compared with the effect of long chain triglyceride (LCT) in rats. Corn oil and glyceryl tricaprylate were used as LCT and MCT sources, respectively. Rats were given diets containing 200 g MCT/kg diet (MCT diet), 100 g MCT + 100 g LCT/kg diet (ML diet), or 200 g LCT/kg diet (LCT diet) in Experiment 1. Cumulative food intake was determined every h for the first 12 h, then at 2-h intervals thereafter during the subsequent 12 h. As early as 1 h after feeding, cumulative food intake significantly decreased in MCT-fed animals in a dose-dependent fashion. In Experiment 2, rats were given a choice between MCT and LCT diets for 1 h to confirm whether or not the palatability of diets was influenced by dietary fat sources. There was no difference in food intake between the two diets. In Experiment 3, the responsibility of endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) for the difference in food intake between the two diets was investigated for 6 h by using a CCK-A receptor antagonist, Devazepide (DVZ, 1 mg/kg b. wt.). Food intake in the MCT diet and also in the LCT diet was improved by DVZ. It is concluded that the satiety, but not the palatability, is affected by carbon chain length in dietary triglyceride sources, although the responsibility of endogenous CCK is very small.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Influence of dietary protein concentrations or of duodenal amino acid infusion on cholecystokinin release in goats.

1. Whether dietary protein levels or duodenal infusion of amino acids alters the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) in blood plasma of goats was investigated in three experiments. The CCK determination was done by radioimmunoassay with specific CCK-8 antibody. The male adult Shiba goat, a miniature Japanese native goat, was used. 2. In Experiment 1, four goats were offered a diet containing 4.94 g crude protein (CP)/kg BW0.75 for the first 7 days. They were then given a diet containing 5.86 g CP/kg BW0.75 for 7 days and thereafter 6.79 g CP/kg BW0.75 for the following 7 days. On the last day of each experimental period, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein at zero (before feeding), 30, 60, 120, 240 or 360 min after the feeding of the diet. Plasma CCK levels were not affected by dietary protein levels and time after feeding. 3. Influence of phenylalanine or tryptophan (2 mmol/20 ml) infusion into the duodenum was investigated by a 3 x 3 latin square in Experiment 2. Plasma CCK level was determined at 15 min intervals for 1 hr. Both phenylalanine and tryptophan gradually enhanced plasma CCK concentrations with time after infusion. 4. Branched-chain amino acids such as leucine and isoleucine were supplemented intraduodenally in Experiment 3 as in Experiment 2. No significant change in plasma CCK levels was observed.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1992

Effect of gamma-linolenic acid on lipid metabolism in laying hens.

1. Single comb white leghorn laying hens were given diets with additional mould, Mucus circineloides, containing gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) at levels of 0, 2.59 and 5.06 g GLA/kg diet ad lib. for 2 weeks and serum lipid contents were determined in experiment 1. 2. Serum low density lipoprotein and chylomicron levels were significantly reduced with the increase of dietary GLA levels. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol tended to be lowered by dietary GLA, but not significantly different. 3. Effects of mould GLA and extracted oil GLA on the egg yolk cholesterol concentration and fatty acid composition were compared in experiment 2. Both mould GLA and extracted oil GLA diets containing 5.32 and 4.71 g GLA/kg diet were given ad lib. for 2 weeks. 4. Yolk cholesterol content was not affected by dietary GLA sources. Content of GLA in the yolk was not altered, although that of arachidonic acid was enhanced by dietary GLA supplementation, particularly by the extracted oil GLA. 5. It is suggested that GLA is rapidly metabolized to arachidonic acid in the body and incorporated into the yolk.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Effect of dietary medium chain triglyceride on protein and energy utilisation in growing chicks.

1. Protein, fat and energy retentions of chicks fed on diets containing medium chain triglyceride (MCT) and long chain triglyceride (LCT), at 100 and 200 g fat/kg diet, were investigated. Maize oil was used as the LCT source. The MCT used was glyceryl tricaprylate. 2. Body weight gain and food intake were decreased with the diets containing MCT and these effects were greater at the higher fat concentration. Protein retention was also reduced by dietary MCT, although the efficiency of protein utilisation (protein retained/protein intake) was not altered. 3. The values for fat and energy retentions were significantly lower in the chicks fed on the MCT-supplemented diets than in those receiving the LCT-containing diets. Dietary ME values and efficiencies for energy utilisation (energy retained/ME intake) were also reduced by dietary MCT.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1992

Energy utilisation of medium chain triglyceride in comparison with long chain triglyceride in growing chicks.

1. To evaluate the relative efficiency of energy utilisation of medium chain triglyceride (MCT) compared to long chain triglyceride (LCT), Single Comb White Leghorn 7-d-old male chicks were allocated into 4 experimental groups and one control of 5 birds per group. The chicks in the control group (Group 1) were given 5 g basal diet each day for 10 d. The birds in groups 2 and 3 received 5 g basal diet/d supplemented with MCT to provide 33.5 kJ GE/d and 67.0 kJ GE/d, and those in groups 4 and 5 were supplemented with LCT at 31.9 kJ GE/d and 63.8 kJ GE/d, respectively. Energy retained as protein and fat, and total energy retentions were measured. 2. No significant differences were found in energy retention as protein between the four energy supplemented groups but significant differences in fat and total energy retentions were found between the different dietary energy contents but not between energy source. Net energy of MCT for production was calculated as 16.0 kJ/g which corresponds to about 74% of that of LCT (22.8 kJ/g).

Animals↗