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Biomedical subjects

M G Glezer

Publications and source records attributed to M G Glezer.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Optimal treatment with quinidine based on a study of its pharmacokinetics].

Pharmacokinetic data obtained from 41 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were used to give quinidine therapy on an individual basis. The proposed approach made it possible to restore sinus rhythm in 80% of the patients and to identify patients having "true" resistance to the drug. To restore the rhythm, 24 and 48 hours were required for 24 and 9 patients, respectively. The application of the pharmacokinetic approach allows the total therapeutic dose of the agent to be reduced and, to a considerable extent, the risk of side and toxic effects to be lowered.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Hemodynamic shifts during physical exercise in patients with ischemic heart disease].

In 82 CHD male patients aged 35-54 years with well-preserved working capacity (threshold load, 600-750 kgm/min) who had underwent bicycle ergometer test, the time course of changes in the major hemodynamic parameters was found to be significantly similar to that of healthy individuals. The cases who stopped performing bicycle ergometer tests because of anginal attacks, and ST segment depression or either showed a more significant elevation in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the maximum load rate and lower increase in heart rate than in healthy subjects, which may be regarded as a compensatory mechanism that prevents a further decrease in coronary flow. Diminished increase in stroke index and cardiac index suggests reduced myocardial contractility.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical effectiveness of ethacizine in various methods of intravenous administration].

Intravenous jet injections of 50 mg ethacizine (10 mg/min) are effective in 100% of cases of ventricular extrasystoles, and paroxysms of supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia, and in 59.5% of cases of atrial fibrillation paroxysms. A relationship has been demonstrated between the magnitude of therapeutic effect and the duration of atrial fibrillation as well as the type of underlying disease. The use of the drug is not justified in paroxysmal auricular flutter. Ethacizine is effective in 82.4% of patients with acute myocardial infarction, and in 65% of patients with other diseases. A similar effect was obtained with intravenous drip injections at the rate of 1.7 mg/min, while the incidence of side effects was reduced essentially. Therefore, drip injections of ethacizine are preferable for the treatment of heart rhythm disorders, such as extrasystoles, particularly in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical significance of genetically determined polymodality of the distribution of quinidine elimination rates].

A population study of quinidine half-elimination time distribution has demonstrated a trimodality of distribution that is due to different rates of metabolic quinidine oxidation. The ratio of permanent serum concentrations of 3-oxyquinidine (metabolite) to quinidine in the rapid oxidation group was elevated significantly, as compared to slow oxidation groups. The values obtained in these phenotypic groups show good correspondence to the Hardy-Weinberg law, with a 0.755 frequency of the allele controlling high monooxygenase activity, and a 0.244 frequency of the gene for the low activity. Effective daily doses should be 1.5-2 times as high in high oxidants (57% of the population) as they are in slow oxidants (37%), and 2.5-3 times as high, as compared to very slow oxidants (6%).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Use of nifedipine for treating heart failure in the subacute period of myocardial infarct in patients over 60].

The efficiency of nifedipine (an average daily dose of 34.7 +/- 0.2 mg) was examined in 19 patients between 60 and 81 years of age, with myocardial infarction aggravated by heart failure. Single and repeated nifedipine doses taken for 2 weeks produced a 7% drop in arterial BP, a 25% drop in peripheral resistance and a 18% rise in the cardiac index, mostly due to a 17% increase in the stroke index. A significant prolongation of left-ventricular ejection time and an improvement of myocardial contractility were due to smaller poststress and easier left-ventricular blood ejection. Nifedipine improved hemodynamic response to isometric handgrip exercise: peripheral resistance was lower, and the stroke and cardiac indices were higher at the peak of exercise after nifedipine administration, as compared to pretreatment values. Nifedipine is an effective agent for the treatment of postinfarction heart failure accompanied with high peripheral resistance.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Problems of the relationship of the therapeutic effect and the concentration of drugs in the blood].

Certain approaches to analysis of the drug concentration-response relationship based on the mechanism of the effect realization and the results of their clinical trials are discussed. The studies are exemplified by a model for quantitative analysis of the concentration-response relationship developed for diuretics and by the results of the clinical trial of the principle of the maximum providing prediction of the steady-state level of the drugs in blood and estimation of the drug effect.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Pharmacokinetics of digoxin in middle-aged and elderly patients in the subacute period of myocardial infarction].

Elderly and old patients with subacute myocardial infarction showed elevated gastrointestinal digoxin absorption rates and a tendency to increased bioavailability of the drug, as compared to similar parameters in infarction-free patients of the same age, so that blood digoxin peaks were higher in the former. The demonstrated absorption changes may be related to limited physical activity of the myocardial infarction patients examined. Digoxin pharmacokinetic patterns are analysed with reference to baseline myocardial contractility.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

[Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic approaches to optimization of the use of digoxin in the subacute period of myocardial infarction in late middle-age and elderly patients].

The efficiency of digoxin in elderly and old patients with subacute myocardial infarction is dependent on the original disorders of left-ventricular systolic phase structure. Changes in systolic phase structural parameters in the presence of supporting digoxin therapy show correspondence to changes of these parameters in response to a single digoxin dose. Digoxin's positive inotropic effect was similar in patients with the sinus rhythm and those with atrial fibrillation. The positive inotropic action of digoxin is not associated with a negative chronotropic effect in patients with sinus rhythm and normal heart rate.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of hemodialysis on digoxin pharmacokinetics in heart failure in patients with chronic kidney failure].

The authors have estimated the effect of hemodialysis on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin instilled intravenously to patients with the terminal stage of chronic renal insufficiency. It has been shown that dialysis was associated with an almost double increase in the clearance constant of digoxin due to its additional elimination through the membrane of the dialyzer. Over five h of dialysis the body excretes 12.5% of the administered dose of digoxin which is only 3.8% more (by 19 micrograms) than the average amount eliminated without dialysis. The contribution of dialysis to the elimination of digoxin is insignificant and, therefore, the regimen of its administration on days when dialysis is performed should be left unchanged.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Sex and age-dependent differences in the circulatory response to the exercise test].

The testing of normal males and females of different age revealed no intersexual differences in circulatory response to the orthostatic test. During exercise, female subjects showed lower systolic arterial pressure, cardiac and stroke indices, and greater diastolic arterial pressure, heart rate and peripheral resistance to blood flow, irrespective of their age. Parameters of physical efficiency are higher in males as compared to females. Exercise tolerance decreases with age in subjects of both sexes, the decrease, however, being more pronounced in males.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Orthostatic changes in renal function in diabetic patients with normal arterial pressure and with hypertension].

Glomerular filtration (GF) and renal flow (RF) were measured in 65 patients with compensated diabetes, 38 of them hypertensive. Renal function was normal in normotensive patients with normal urinary findings, when tested in resting supine position. RF and GF were moderately decreased in cases of transitory proteinuria, whereas the decrease was more pronounced in permanent proteinuria. In patients with arterial hypertension, RF and GF were lower, as compared to matched cases with normal blood pressure. Diabetic patients showed a greater RF and GF decrease in orthostatic position, as compared to normal controls. Hypertensive and nephropathic patients showed a still greater orthostatic decrease. In some patients with normal urinary results and normal renal function, the orthostatic RF and GF decrease exceeded the average group one, a fact suggestive of some latent renal changes.

Diabetes Complications↗