Biomedical subjects

M G el-Badawi

Publications and source records attributed to M G el-Badawi.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1996

Nephrotoxicity of low-dose methotrexate in guinea pigs: an ultrastructural study.

The nephrotoxicity of low-dose methotrexate (MTX) and the rescue effect of leucovorin were studied by electron-microscopic examination of the kidney of guinea pigs. One group received MTX as a single weekly dose of 10 mg/kg, i.p.; a second group received a similar dose divided into three equal fractions. The third group received MTX rescued with an equal dose of leucovorin. The distal convoluted tubule showed cell swelling, fragmentation of the endoplasmic reticulum and loss of mitochondrial cristae and matrix. Leucovorin minimized these changes. The proximal tubule and the glomerulus were not affected. Low-dose MTX induced a nephrotoxicity in the distal convoluted tubule which could be minimized by leucovorin. Mild myelosuppression was also observed.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Anomalous origins of colic arteries.

The topography of the celiac trunk and superior and inferior mesenteric arteries was studied by dissection in 27 embalmed cadavers. Variant vascular patterns were noted in four subjects. These consisted of: (1) an accessory right hepatic artery from the superior mesenteric artery, (2) an anomalous middle colic artery from the proximal segment of the splenic artery, and (3) two instances of an accessory left colic artery originating from the superior mesenteric artery. The precarious course of the middle colic artery (coming from the splenic artery) and its dominance in the formation of the marginal artery were thought to predispose the ascending and transverse colon to an increased risk of vascular damage. These cases also illustrate two variant patterns of formation of the marginal artery. In the case of the anomalous middle colic artery, the only contribution of the superior mesenteric artery to the marginal artery was through the anastomosis of its ileocolic branch with the right branch of the aberrant middle colic artery. In subjects with accessory left colic arteries, the superior mesenteric artery played a dominant role in the formation of the marginal artery by contributing the accessory left colic artery, which supplied the splenic flexure and the proximal part of the descending colon. These arterial variations underscore the importance of doing vascular studies prior to major abdominal surgery.

Arteries↗

PubMed1995

Extensor tendons of the fingers: arrangement and variations--II.

One hundred eighty-one dissected hands were examined to study the pattern of extensor tendons on the dorsum of the hand. Extensor digitorum often had multiple tendons for the middle and ring fingers. Its contribution to the little finger was usually by a bifurcating tendon common with that of the ring finger. The index finger always received a single tendon. Intertendinous connections between the various tendons of the extensor digitorum were variable but were most frequent between ring and middle fingers. Extensor indicis had one tendon in most of the specimens and it was always on the ulnar side of the extensor digitorum tendon. This remained true even when there were multiple tendons. Extensor digiti minimi had two tendons in most cases. It was always linked to extensor digitorum either by receiving one or part of its tendon or by an intertendinous connection. Two accessory muscles were seen, one was extensor indicis brevis replacing the proper muscle. The other, the extensor medii brevis, was distributed to the middle finger.

Cadaver↗

PubMed1990

Light and electron microscopic observations on the cerebellum of guinea pigs following low-dose methotrexate.

The neurotoxicity of single and divided low-dose methotrexate (MTX) and the rescue effect of leucovorin (folic acid) were investigated by light and electron microscopic examination of the cerebellum of Guinea pigs. One group of animals received a single weekly intraperitoneal MTX in a dose of 10 mg/kg, a second received a similar dose divided into three equal fractions, and the third group received MTX rescued with an equal dose of leucovorin. The results showed degeneration of Purkinje cells indicated by shrinkage and distortion of perikarya, dissolution of mitochondrial cristae, and nuclear and nucleolar changes in all groups which received MTX. There was also astrocytic proliferation and perivascular edema. Lesser changes were found in the group which was rescued with leucovorin. The degenerative changes in the cerebellum particularly those of the Purkinje cells explain the neurological signs reported in cancer patients treated with MTX.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Partial degeneration of autonomic nerves of the heart of methotrexate-treated guinea pigs.

In the present investigation partial degeneration of adrenergic and cholinergic nerves of the heart of guinea pigs following methotrexate treatment has been reported. No appreciable change was observed in the autonomic nerve fibres after 3 days of treatment. However, after prolonged treatment some nerve fibres showed signs of degeneration and a few adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibres had disappeared.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Ligaments associated with lumbar intervertebral foramina. 2. The fifth lumbar level.

The lumbosacral spines of two fetal and twelve adult cadavers have been studied by dissection. Evidence shows that the fifth lumbar intervertebral foramen is crossed on its external aspect by a strong, cord-like corporotransverse ligament passing obliquely downwards, forwards and medially from the inferior aspect of the accessory process of the fifth lumbar vertebra to the lateral surface of the intervertebral disc and the adjacent parts of the bodies of the fifth and first sacral vertebrae. Superficially, the ligament is related to another flat band--the lumbosacral hood. Together these ligaments separate and provide openings for the sympathetic ramus, the ventral ramus and blood vessels related to the intervertebral foramen. On the dorsal aspect, a tripartite ligament, the mamillo-transverso-accessory ligament, bears important relationships to the subdivisions of the dorsal ramus and also the zygapophyseal joint. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Ligaments associated with lumbar intervertebral foramina. 1. L1 to L4.

Lumbar intervertebral foramina have been studied by dissection of fetal and adult cadaveric spines. The results show that these foramina are crossed by ligaments which subdivide the opening into smaller compartments for the structures traversing it. At L1-L4, there appears to be a basic pattern of arrangement of the ligaments. The bands are tougher in the upper lumbar region and become steadily thinner caudally. Evidence from the study suggests that these ligaments are probably normal components of the intervertebral foramen. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Intrinsic innervation of the uterus in guinea pig and rat.

The pattern of distribution of cholinergic and adrenergic nerves in the uterus of albino rats and guinea pigs was examined histochemically. In the albino rat, the uterus was found well-innervated by both adrenergic and cholinergic nerves with a clear regional variation. Dense innervation was demonstrated at the tubal and cervical ends of the uterus and in the cervix. Cholinergic nerves supplying the glands were more numerous than the adrenergic nerves which were relatively few. In the guinea-pigs, the uterus was richly innervated by adrenergic nerves with a clear regional variation. No cholinesterase-positive nerves or nerve cells were demonstrated.

Adrenergic Fibers↗

PubMed1987

Histological changes following high-dose methotrexate and cisplatinum administration and the influence of dosage scheduling.

Histological changes were studied in experimental animals following the intraperitoneal administration of high-dose cisplatin with or without high-dose methotrexate and citrovorum factor. There were pronounced renal toxicities with high-dose (10 mg/kg) cisplatin, particularly involving distal tubules with glomerular congestion. However, lower toxicities were noted with reduced dosage of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) and especially if given once as a single bolus injection instead of a 5-day regimen. Renal and hepatic toxicities were marked with concomitant methotrexate administration leading to hemorrhagic diathesis and shorter survival. However, toxicities were relatively reduced when cisplatin was given as a single bolus injection instead of a 5-day divided course. Such information may prove helpful in future planning of combination chemotherapy in patients with malignancies using these two agents.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

An anomalous bifurcation of the sartorius muscle.

The sartorius muscle on one side of the body of an 60 years old man was found to be divided into 2 parts at its distal end. The lateral part was inserted into the medial condyle of the femur. The medial part was inserted as the classically described insertion of the muscle into the medial surface of the tibia. This is a significant nonrecorded variation of the muscle to both clinicians and gross anatomists.

Humans↗

PubMed1987

Methotrexate neuroenteropathy--a histochemical study.

10 mg/kg Methotrexate was injected daily for 5 d a week for a total period of 3 weeks and its effect on autonomic nerve profiles of jejunum was studied using histochemical methods. Initially (after 5 doses in a week) partial degeneration of adrenergic and cholinergic nerve supply was observed. Prolonged treatment (15 does in 3 weeks) was responsible for disappearance of about 30% of adrenergic and 50% of cholinergic nerve profiles. Early degenerative changes in the cholinergic nerve cells of the intestinal plexuses was also noted.

Acetylcholinesterase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Myelographic study of the spinal cord ascent during fetal development.

To assess the length of the spinal cord relative to the vertebral column during fetal development, we performed translumbar myelograms on 340 spontaneously aborted fetuses. Of these, 146 were selected for study. There were 76 males and 70 females, with fetal age ranging from 7 to 33 weeks. Significant variation in the level of spinal cord termination was found in fetuses between 12 and 25 weeks gestational age. In fetuses between 25 and 33 weeks gestational age, the cord ended at or above the third lumbar vertebra.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗