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Biomedical subjects

M Gabrielli

Publications and source records attributed to M Gabrielli.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Post-heparin plasma lipolytic activity in acute hepatitis.

Post-heparin plasma lipolytic activity (PHLA) was measured in 21 patients with acute viral hepatitis. PHLA was significantly reduced in all patients (p less than 0.0005), whose mean activity was only 32% of the control subjects. An inverse correlation (p less than 0.05) was found between PHLA values and serum triglycerides levels. During recovery, the normalization of PHLA was much slower than that of the usual tests of liver function. PHLA measurement may represent a new and sensitive test of liver function.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Serum galactose determination with centrifugal analyzers.

I describe a rapid quantitative centrifugal analysis for galactose in blood. The technique involves galactose dehydrogenase. As compared to the manual (o-toluidine) method for galactose determination, analysis time (4 min 45 s on the GEMSAEC, 4 min 10 s on the CentificCHEM) and sample volume (5 microliter) were considerably reduced. Sample deproteinization is eliminated. A modified commercial kit was also tested. Results by the procedure correlate well with those by the more classical methods and analytical recovery is about 100%. The method is applied to the determination of galactose in intravenous galactose tolerance tests. Results of actual tests are reported.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1977

Correlation between pituitary gonadotropin response to GnRH and testicular histology in subjects suffering from dyspermia.

No significant changes of LH in basal conditions and in response to GnRH stimulation were found in any of the subjects studied; the same applies to basal testosterone and testosterone after HCG stimulation. On the other hand, the pituitary response for FSH gonadotropin showed significant variations in the different groups of subjects examined. These variations were closely correlated to the stages at which spermatogenesis was arrested. The earlier the stage of spermatogenetic arrest, the more strongly enhanced the FSH response to GnRH stimulation. Further, the most significant change, and the one most liable to be suited for purposes of diagnosis, was the one observed when passing from the 1st to the 2nd degree arrest (spermatids-spermatocytes). This FSH pattern is a constant finding; so much so that in the view of some authors testicular biopsy can now be avoided in cases with strongly increased pituitary FSH reserve since in these conditions the seminal line has been shown not to go beyond the stage of the spermatocyte.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Histiocytofibroma. Spontaneous regression, leaving skin atrophy].

Three cases of histiocytoma with atypical course are described by the authors. Two of them dissappeared completely or almost completely leaving a scar where some remnants of the original tumor were present. In the third patient the tumor grew deeply in the dermis leaving the same atrophic scaring on the surface. By palpation the original tumor was also detectable.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lymphocyte subpopulations in Lynch syndrome II: an immunocytochemical study on gastrointestinal biopsies. Preliminary report.

Gastrointestinal biopsies from 18 members of a family with Lynch Syndrome II were evaluated and immunocytochemical studies were made to characterize the phenotypic expression of the tissue's immune populations. The intestinal findings suggest polyclonal B-cell activation related to the T-helper distribution. Our evaluation provides no specific information so far on the management of patients with Lynch Syndrome II.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin (Merkel cell carcinoma): immunocytochemical study of a case.

The immunocytochemical phenotype was evaluated in a case of Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin. Intermediate filaments, i.e. neurofilament, glial fibrillary acid protein, cytokeratins, keratin and panfilament as well as S-100 protein, calcitonin and epithelial membrane antigen were detected by immunoperoxidase methods. Nodular positivity for neurofilament was observed. The remaining intermediate filaments and other markers were negative. Thus the origin of Merkel cell carcinoma appears uncertain and this tumor probably has neuroendocrine activity.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Gastric stromal tumors. Findings with computerized tomography].

PURPOSE: Gastric stromal tumors are an ill-defined group of lesions arising from muscle wall cells and characterized by extremely variable biological patterns. Thanks to modern immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques, four main classes of these lesions have been identified, namely: 1) tumors with differentiation toward smooth muscle cells; 2) tumors with differentiation toward neural elements; 3) tumors with dual differentiation toward both cell types; 4) tumors lacking differentiation toward either cell type. We investigated the yield of CT in diagnosing and characterizing gastric stromal tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the CT findings of 38 patients (15 men and 23 women; mean age 51 years) with pathologically proven gastric stromal tumors, namely 31 of myoid origin, 4 of neural origin, 2 with both muscle and neural differentiation, 1 lacking differentiation with either cell type. Morphological (size, margins, growth pattern, enlarged lymph nodes, metastases) and structural (density, calcifications, necrosis, cystic changes, enhancement patterns) parameters were evaluated and compared with histopathologic diagnosis. RESULTS: The myoid tumors involved gastric fundus in 9/13 and 5/7 benign lesions and lesions with variable biological patterns, respectively, while the malignant tumors exhibited diffuse involvement in 7/11 of cases. Eleven of 13 benign lesions had regular shape and a diameter +/- 5 cm, while 5/7 intermediate tumors and 7/11 malignant ones were 6-10 cm and over 10 cm (1/7 and 3/11, respectively). Tumor growth was intramural (6/13) or mixed (5/13) in the benign lesions, mainly exophytic in the malignant ones, and finally variable (2/7 intramural, 3/7 exophytic and 2/7 mixed) in the tumors with intermediate patterns. Calcifications were identified only in 3 benign lesions. Structure was homogeneous in 11/13 of the benign lesions with regular contrast enhancement (10/12), heterogeneous due to necrotic areas in nearly all (10/11) or most (5/7) malignant and intermediate forms, respectively. Enlarged lymph nodes (4/11) or synchronous metastases (7/11) were found in the malignant lesions. Our two schwannomas had a pseudocystic structure with regular peripheral contrast enhancement; the neurofibroma was characterized by multiple, markedly hypodense and hypovascular lesions. Both the malignant neurogen form and the two tumors with dual differentiation showed a diffuse, aspecific and infiltrating pattern. The lesion without differentiation had a "benign" shape and structure even though it developed metastases two years after radical surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the lack of specificity of CT patterns of gastric stromal tumors, these parameters are useful in differentiating benign from overtly malignant forms. The definition "gastric stromal tumor with benign, variable, or malignant macroscopic appearance" should be used in the radiologic report.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinoma].

Among the suspected bacterial causes of cancer, H. pylori is the agent more consistently linked to malignancy. After its discovery in 1983 and the later confirmation as the leading cause of chronic gastritis, several studies were performed to prove an association between H. pylori infection and gastric carcinoma. The epidemiological data have been so strong that in 1994 the International Association for Research on Cancer stated that "there was sufficient evidence" to classify H. pylori as a group I carcinogen in humans. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the link between H. pylori infection and gastric carcinoma remain still to be elucidated. The natural history of H. pylori infection shows that, although roughly half of the world's human population bears the organism, only a minority of individuals develop clinically important outcomes (e.g. peptic ulcer, lymphoproliferative diseases, atrophic gastritis and gastric carcinoma): host's genetic make-up, duration of infection, diet and differences between H. pylori strains have been proposed as factors potentially able to influence the outcomes in different individuals. The damaging agents by which H. pylori could promote gastric carcinogenesis are produced either by the organism or as a consequence of the host inflammatory response to the infection. Gastric mucosal chronic damage may, therefore, lead to changes in the pattern of epithelial cell kinetic (increase in cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis) in gastric glands which may induce DNA injury with irreversible genetic lesions. Finally, a direct association between H. pylori infection and the induction of gastric carcinoma has been recently demonstrated in an animal model, giving further credence to the role of this organism in gastric carcinogenesis.

Helicobacter Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preliminary study on oncogene product immunohistochemistry (c-erbB-2, c-myc, ras p21, EGFR) in breast pathology.

The expression of oncogene products related to cell growth (c-erbB-2, c-myc, ras p21, EGFR) was investigated in benign (15 cases) and malignant breast lesions (20 cases) by means of immunohistochemistry using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the staining positivity and various morphological and biological features, such as tumour type, grading, hormone receptor status and cell kinetic parameters. In benign breast lesions, as expected, the kinetic parameters were low, both for Ki-67 and LI. All the specimens showed a diploid condition (the DI being equal to 1) and we found a limited degree of immunoreactivity for all the growth factors and oncogene products. In breast cancer we studied the distribution of immunohistochemical positivity for EGFR, c-erbB-2, c-myc, ras p21 and Ki-67, which was related to age, nodal status, ER and PgR receptor status, LI, DI and histopathological grading. A significant positive correlation was found both between ras p21 expression and nodal status and ER-ICA positivity. We observed a strong correlation between LI and Ki-67 and an inverse relation between Ki-67 and ER expression. These findings suggest the importance of studying the relationship between prognostic factors which may provide preoperative prediction in the biological behaviour of breast cancer, not only on biopsy specimens, but also on fine needle aspirates.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nose disease caused by occupational exposure to chromium in the electroplating industry: cytomorphological aspects].

Twenty-six workers were studied (9 chrome-platers exposed to chromium dioxide and 17 workers exposed to metallic chromium dust) in order to investigate the macroscopic and cytological changes of the nasal mucosa due to exposure to water-soluble hexavalent chromium or to metallic chromium dust in the electroplating industry and the role of different valencies in the onset of nasal disease. Experimental and epidemiological data have shown that hexavalent chromium, which has strong oxidative power, induces more noticeable toxic effects on tissues and mucous membranes than other compounds. The correlation between the degree of local toxic effects and the chemical state of chromium was demonstrated in both the macro- and the microscopic investigations and in particular in the cytological examinations: cases of atypia were found only in workers exposed to hexavalent chromium. Evidence of atypia raises the question of whether hexavalent chromium may act as a carcinogenic agent on the rhinosinusal mucosa. For this reason, the introduction of cytological nasal examination in health surveillance programmes for this category of workers acquires considerable importance. Sample collection from the nasal mucosa by brushing is the method of choice since it is simple, non-invasive and gives good diagnostic results.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple splanchnic artery aneurysms. Report of a case.

It is reported the case of a patient with multiple visceral aneurysms (seven). These aneurysms are more common than usually appreciated but their multiplicity is rarely reported in the literature. Angiography should always follow surgery when a splanchnic aneurysm is recognized by chance only at operation and when the surgeon is already aware of the multiple aneurysms. It is indicated a contemporary treatment of all of them to avoid the subsequent risk of rupture which has been suggested to increase after laparotomy.

Aneurysm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Induction of ovulation in normo-androgenic women, affected by primary hypothalamic amenorrhea, with chronic pulsatile administration of GnRH, using an automatic portable pump (Zyklomat).

Pulsatile administration of GnRH appears to be the most rational and physiological treatment of infertility in patients affected by hypothalamic amenorrhea. The authors conclude that the results obtained with this method of treatment in patients with severe hypothalamic amenorrhea suggest that the choice of pulsatile GnRH therapy is an effective and practical method for induction of ovulation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of the serum of patients with cholestasis on lymphocyte E rosette formation].

Sera from cholestatic patients have been found to interfere with lymphocyte rosette formation (E rosettes). Lymphocytes from patients with cholestasis showed a lower percentage (42.36%) of cells binding sheep red blood cells in comparison with a control group (62%). In the presence of cholestatic serum the number of E rosettes formed by lymphocytes from normal subjects declined to 44.16%. This behaviour, however, can reverse, since lymphocytes from cholestatic patients previously incubated with normal serum, showed a nearly normal capability of forming E rosettes (57.90%). Therefore, it is conceivable that among the several factors which are present in sera from patients with either chronic or acute hepatitis and which are able to interfere with T-lymphocyte function, there may be included also the factor which is present in sera from cholestatic patients. The possible role of bile salts and hyperlipoproteinaemia present in those patients requires further investigation.

Cholestasis↗