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Biomedical subjects

M Gerard

Publications and source records attributed to M Gerard.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Home positive pressure ventilation via nasal mask for patients with neuromusculoskeletal disorders.

29 patients with chronic respiratory failure due to neuromuscular deficits and restrictive chest wall disorders were treated with nocturnal ventilation via nasal mask at home for at least one year. Home ventilation was provided by a volume cycled positive pressure ventilator attached to a nasal mask which was made to measure by modelling silicon paste onto the patient's face. This method was well tolerated. The majority of the symptoms of hypoventilation rapidly disappeared with nocturnal ventilation and the daytime PaO2 and PaCO2 improved significantly allowing the patients to perform more daily activities. Nocturnal nasal ventilation is efficient but needs strict supervision. The nasal mask can replace or postpone tracheostomy which, if needed, remains a possible and efficient method.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1988

Antimicrobial prophylaxis for major head and neck surgery in cancer patients.

A total of 113 patients were randomly allocated to receive either ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid (total dose, 20.8 g) or clindamycin (total dose, 2.4 g) plus amikacin (total dose, 1 g) as perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis for major head and neck surgery. The two groups were similar in age, prior antineoplastic treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) or tracheostomy, and the various types of surgery including radical neck dissection. The wound infection rate was 10% in the group of patients receiving clindamycin plus amikacin and 36% in the group receiving ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid (P less than 0.05). Initiation of systemic antibiotic therapy within 15 days of surgery was necessary for 20 and 45% of these patients, respectively (P less than 0.05). The distribution of microorganisms causing wound infections was comparable in both groups, except for anaerobes, which were isolated predominantly from patients who had received ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Catecholamines within the rabbit oviduct at fertilization time.

Dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine levels of rabbit oviductal fluids were measured in order to establish whether the ampullary segment contained higher concentrations correlating with the sperm hyperactivity observed in the ampulla of different mammals. In this study, we found no statistically significant differences between flushings from the ampulla or the isthmus at oestrus, ovulation or 72 h post-coitum (p.c.). However, after correcting for the volume secreted, the concentrations of catecholamines are always lower in the ampulla than in the isthmus. In all cases the levels of biogenic amines were highest at oestrus then fell at ovulation. Individual variation of these levels at the time of ovulation was observed only in the ampulla, probably due to some contribution from follicular fluid. During the early luteal phase (72 h p.c.) the catecholamine levels again increase slightly, especially in the isthmus. We conclude that whiplash motility cannot be explained by a higher level of catecholamines in the ampulla.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Differential diagnosis of intranasal masses in children. Apropos of a case of meningoencephalocele with glioma].

The authors reviewed the different etiologic possibilities of nasal mass occurring in pediatric population. The report of one of their own case of meningoencephalocele gives them the opportunity to insist on the necessity of atraumatic investigations and the absence of significant correlation between clinical characteristics of the tumor and histological diagnose. Surgical exploration and external extirpation of the tumor is the treatment of choice in young patients. Current management will first consist in biopsies by olders, usually followed by multidisciplinary approach.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1982

[Tumor of the nasal cavity unusual in our region. Apropos of a case of rhinosporidiosis].

Rhinosporidiosis is an ailment of the mucous membranes provoked by a microorganism described by Seeber in 1900. It is found in Africa, South America, India, Ceylan, Phillipines and Iran. Rhinosporidium Seeberi provokes the appearance of sessile polyps, friable on the mucous membranes. The nasal mucous membrane is affected in 72% of the cases. The symptoms in otorhinolaryngology are in most cases mucous or mucopurulent rhinorrhea, chronic epistaxis and a progressive nasal obstruction. The etiologic diagnosis is based on clinic, on the examination of rhinorrhea and especially on histopathological examination. In case of lesion at nasopharynx level rhinosporidiosis must be differentiated from inflammatory or parasitic lesions, from embryonic or malignant tumour. Prognosis is generally favourable, the treatment is mainly surgical.

Adult↗