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Biomedical subjects

M Gerard

Publications and source records attributed to M Gerard.

85 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative trial of single-dose versus twice-daily sisomicin in bacteriuric patients.

Sisomicin was administered as a single daily intramuscular injection (160 mg) or as two daily injections (80 mg) to 50 patients with bacteriuria superimposed on chronic urologic diseases in a randomized controlled fashion. The administration of two daily doses was significantly more effective (P less than 0.01) in achieving cure than the injection of a single daily dose. The renal function, as expressed by creatinine clearance, became impaired significantly more often (P less than 0.05) in the patients receiving the single daily dose of sisomicin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Therapy for oropharyngeal candidiasis in the immunocompromised host: a randomized double-blind study of fluconazole vs. ketoconazole.

Optimal therapy for oropharyngeal candidiasis, a common infection in immunocompromised patients, has yet to be clearly defined. Topical therapy is usually poorly tolerated; ketoconazole is effective but absorption is highly variable. New antifungal agents have been developed to increase the therapeutic options. Fluconazole is active against yeasts, is available in both oral and intravenous formulations, and has a pharmacokinetic profile different from that of ketoconazole. This randomized double-blind study evaluates systemic antifungal therapy with fluconazole (100 mg daily) or ketoconazole (400-mg daily) for oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients with cancer. Clinical cure was observed in 15 of 19 and 14 of 18 patients treated with fluconazole and ketoconazole, respectively. Eradication of pathogenic yeasts ws documented for 10 patients in both groups. The rates of relapse were similar, but relapse occurred earlier in patients in the ketoconazole group. Overall, this study demonstrates the value of a dosage of 100 mg of fluconazole or of 400 mg of ketoconazole daily for the management of oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients with cancer.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synthesis and characterization of fluoro-substituted polyaniline.

Poly(2-fluoroaniline) was prepared by both chemical and electrochemical polymerization in acidic medium. Characterization of poly(2-fluoroaniline) was accomplished experimentally using ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction techniques, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed globular morphology of chemically synthesized poly(2-fluoroaniline). The cyclic voltammetric studies revealed diffusion-controlled phenomenon in electrochemically synthesized poly(2-fluoroaniline).

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Coimmobilization of urease and glutamate dehydrogenase in electrochemically prepared polypyrrole-polyvinyl sulfonate films.

Immobilization of urease and glutamate dehydrogenase enzymes in electrochemically prepared polypyrrole-polyvinyl sulfonate films (PPY-PVS) was carried out using physical adsorption and electrochemical entrapment techniques. Detailed studies on optimum pH, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and scanning electron microscopy of the enzymes in the immobilized state were conducted. The value of the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was experimentally determined to be 2.5 and 2.7 for physically adsorbed and electrochemically entrapped urease in PPY-PVS films, respectively.

Biosensing Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of DNA immobilized on electrochemically prepared conducting polypyrrole-polyvinyl sulfonate films.

The article describes the adsorption characteristics of DNA onto electrochemically generated polypyrrole-polyvinyl sulfonate (PPY-PVS) films obtained as a function of pH. Adsorption on PPY doped with an anion proceeds by anion exchange, and since DNA possesses a fixed negative charge owing to PO4-, it favors a very strong binding displacing PVS with favorable energetic interactions. Characterization of adsorbed DNA onto the PPY-PVS films was carried out by ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetric studies.

Adsorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immobilization of lactate dehydrogenase on tetraethylorthosilicate-derived sol-gel films for application to lactate biosensor.

Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS)-derived sol-gel films were utilized for the immobilization of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) by physical adsorption and sol-gel/LDH/sol-gel sandwich configuration. An attempt was made to ascertain the optimum pH and temperature for the immobilized LDH. It was shown that TEOS-derived sol-gel films containing physically adsorbed LDH exhibited linearity from 0.5 to 4 mM, whereas those containing LDH in sandwich configuration showed linearity from 0.5 to 3 mM L-lactate. These sol-gel films, immobilized with LDH, were found to be stable for about 4 weeks at 4-10 degrees C.

Adsorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block revisited. A nerve stimulator technique.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Regional block of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) often has disappointing success rates despite the large volumes of local anesthetic used. This study was undertaken to investigate the utility of using a nerve stimulator (NS) to localize and block the LFCN. METHODS: After obtaining institutional approval and informed consent, the authors proceeded with a two-stage study. In stage 1, 20 ASA 1 volunteers underwent LFCN block by both a fan and a NS technique in a prospective, randomized, crossover study utilizing strict criteria for success and extent of block. To predict clinical utility, 20 patients underwent LFCN block by the NS technique using the same assessment criteria (stage 2). Statistical analysis for the comparisons was completed employing the Fisher's exact or paired t-test as appropriate. P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The NS technique significantly improved the success of LFCN block over the fan technique (100% vs. 40%, P = .00002). The extent of successful blocks was no different with the two techniques. Success in stage 2 was similar to that in stage 1 (85%) predicting clinical utility. CONCLUSIONS: A NS can be used to localize a purely sensory nerve; such as the LFCN, and improve success rates in regional anesthesia.

Adult↗