Biomedical subjects

M Gharaibeh

Publications and source records attributed to M Gharaibeh.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Photoionization of metastable O+ ions: experiment and theory.

High-resolution absolute experimental measurements and two independent theoretical calculations were performed for photoionization of O+ ions from the 2P(o) and 2D(o) metastable levels and from the 4S(o) ground state in the photon energy range 30-35.5 eV. This is believed to be the first comparison of experiment and theory to be reported for photoionization from metastable states of ions. While there is correspondence between the predicted and measured positions and relative strengths of the resonances, the cross-section magnitudes and fine structure are sensitive to the choice of basis states.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

Unexpected dynamics for self-interstitial clusters in silicon.

Ab initio molecular-dynamics simulations of self-interstitial clusters in Si show that I2 and the most stable of the I3 (" I(a)(3)") clusters diffuse extremely fast. In these clusters, the I's share a single bond-centered (BC) site. The metastable I(b)(3) cluster involves three adjacent BC sites. Simulations show that the three I's exchange sites with each other, but the center of the defect remains at the same place. Simulations with I1 and I4 show no diffusion on the same time scale.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2000

Developing a programme-review process for a baccalaureate nursing programme in Jordan.

Programme review is one way of monitoring the quality of a programme of study and promoting the growth of nursing education. The Faculty of Nursing at the Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) demonstrated its professional maturity by participating in an international collaborative project with the University of Windsor in Canada, to review its baccalaureate programmes. This article outlines the rationale for undertaking a programme review and discusses key principles for inclusion in the development of such a process. It highlights some strategies for success, and suggests ways in which programmes can benefit from reviews and evaluations. This process has the potential to be used as a prototype for future reviews.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗

PubMed1999

Clinical evaluation of a new A.S. mouth wash 881010 as an antismoking agent: a placebo-controlled double-blind trial.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a new antismoking (A.S.) preparation manufactured by the Arab Pharmaceutical Manufacturing (APM) Company as an aid to smoking cessation. SUBJECTS, MATERIAL AND METHODS: The design of this clinical study involved 137 Jordanian healthy male smokers. Seventy-four male smokers were given the A.S. mouth wash (active ingredient 0.5% silver nitrate) and 63 male smokers received the placebo solution in a double-blind fashion. Mouth wash solutions were administered three times daily by gargling for one minute and for a period of two weeks. The daily number of cigarettes smoked by volunteers, nicotine, and cotinine concentrations in saliva, plasma, and urine were considered in this study as markers of smoking cessation. RESULTS: Means +/- SD of the number of cigarettes smoked before treatment (zero time) were 21.45 +/- 8.21, and 22.49 +/- 9.50 cigarettes in A.S. mouth wash- and placebo-treated groups, respectively. As compared to placebo, the A.S. mouth wash resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the number of daily cigarettes smoked by volunteers during and after treatment. Means +/- SD of the number of cigarettes smoked by A.S. mouth wash-treated volunteers were 8.68 +/- 7.55, 7.87 +/- 6.80, and 10.14 +/- 8.29 cigarettes, and in placebo-treated individuals were 15.91 +/- 8.21, 15.70 +/- 9.58 and 17.03 +/- 9.06 cigarettes, one week, two weeks after treatment, and four weeks after stopping treatment, respectively. Furthermore, a significant number of volunteers either totally stopped or reduced smoking cigarettes after treatment with the A.S. mouth wash. Concerning nicotine and cotinine levels in biological fluids, a trend of a decrease in their levels was observed but it was found not statistically significant. Apart from reversible brownish to blackish discoloration of teeth and gums, no other side-effects were observed after treatment with the A.S. mouth wash. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the A.S. mouth wash 881010 is generally safe, easy to administer, and effective as an aid to smoking cessation.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Drug-induced admissions to medical wards at Jordan University Hospital.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of drug-induced disease necessitating hospital admission to Jordan University Hospital. This study also attempted to identify the most commonly involved drugs as well as the vulnerable groups of patients and the potential causes which favor the problem. All admissions to Internal Medicine Department were screened for drug-induced causality by detailed drug history and appropriate examination. The prevalence rate of drug-induced admissions was 3.6%, 52% of them were females. Many of the cases were of severe nature. Most of the cases were due to predictable effects of the drugs used, which were mainly chemotherapeutic agents. The bone marrow was the most affected body organ. Results are in agreement with reports published elsewhere and can be explained by the fact that Jordan University Hospital is the main teaching hospital in Jordan, has an intermediate location and is a referral hospital for oncology-hematology service.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Exercise at low altitude (Jordan Valley) causes changes in serum levels of ACTH, insulin, cortisol and lactate.

This study was designed to examine the effects of exercise on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol at low altitude (350 meters below sea level) and to compare these effects with those at a moderate level altitude (620 meters above sea level). Ten male trained athletes participated in a 21-K(m) non-competitive race. Serum levels of ACTH, luteinizing hormone (LH), growth hormone and cortisol were measured before and after the race at each of the altitudes. A significant increase in serum levels of ACTH was observed in response to this exercise only at low altitude. Serum levels of growth hormone were increased at both altitudes. Those of LH were not affected. Serum cortisol levels were increased following exercise at both altitudes. It is proposed here that ACTH may play a role in acclimatization to exercise at low altitudes. The role of growth hormone and LH in this conditioning process seems to be insignificant. Additionally, serum levels of insulin and lactate were also measured in these experiments. Exercise caused a decrease in serum insulin levels at both altitudes. Serum levels of lactate were decreased only at low altitude. These changes of serum levels of insulin and lactate suggest a type of metabolic adjustment to meet energy requirements. Changes in energy metabolism can be correlated by changes in the ratio of insulin to serum cortisol levels and those of other counter-regulatory hormones in response to exercise at both altitudes.

Acclimatization↗

PubMed1996

The prevalence of hemoglobin S and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Jordanian newborn.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of HbS and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in Jordanian newborn. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 181 male and female babies born at Princess Basma Teaching Hospital, randomly selected, and cord blood samples were collected, and the erythrocyte G6PD activity was measured, and the hemoglobin electrophoresis for blood lysate was conducted and scanned for HbS scanning. RESULTS: The frequencies of two major red cell genetic defects, sickle hemoglobin (HbS) and deficiency G6PD was determined, of the studied subjects 10 (11%) females and 11 (12%) males were found to be deficient in the G6PD gene. The frequency of HbS carriers among the females was 4% while it was 6% among males. The coincidence of both G6PD deficiency and sickle cell hemoglobin in the samples was 1%. No coincidence was found between G6PD deficiency and hyperbilirubinemia. CONCLUSION: A better understanding of the distributions of these genetic disorders has the potential to aid in the more efficient utilization of health care resources and improved planning.

Erythrocyte Count↗

PubMed1996

Acute effects of exercise at low altitude (350 meters below sea level) on hormones of the anterior pituitary & cortisol in athletes.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise on anterior pituitary hormones (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), leutinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone) as well as on cortisol at low altitude (350 meters below the sea level) and to compare these effects with those at a moderate level altitude (620 meters above the sea level). Ten male athletes with running experience participated in a 21-Km competitive race. Serum levels of ACTH, LH, growth hormone and cortisol were measured before and after the race at each of the altitudes. A significant increase in the serum levels of ACTH and growth hormone were observed in response to this exercise at low altitude. Similar exercise at 620 meters above the sea level resulted in a significant increase only in the serum levels of growth hormone. Serum levels of LH were not affected by this kind of exercise at both altitudes. Serum cortisol levels were increased following exercise at both altitudes. Altogether, these observations show a differential response of the anterior pituitary to exercise at low and normal altitudes. These data suggest that ACTH may have a role in the acclimatization to exercise at low altitudes. The role of growth hormone and LH in this conditioning process seems to be insignificant. The changes in serum cortisol levels in response to exercise at both altitudes correlate well with the effect of exercise on energy metabolism.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗

PubMed1992

A bioequivalence study of two products of furosemide tablets.

Twenty healthy male volunteers participated in a balanced crossover comparison of diusemide versus lasix. Each treatment was given as a single 40 mg tablet following an overnight fast. Furosemide concentration in plasma were determined up to 8 h after treatment. Urine output and urinary sodium excretion was also measured. At the 5% confidence level, no significant difference was found between the area under the plasma concentration-time curves of the two products. The Cmax, tmax, cumulative urine volume, cumulative sodium and potassium electrolytes were found not significantly different for both products. Quality control data including assay, content uniformity, disintegration and dissolution indicated that both products passed the pharmacopoeial requirements, U.S.P. XXII and B.P. 1988. In conclusion, diusemide 40 mg is bioequivalent to the brand name lasix.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

A bioequivalence study of two dipyridamole products.

Bioequivalence of Antiplate 75 mg was assessed versus Persantine 75 mg in a two-way crossover study. At the 5% confidence level, no significant difference was found between the area under the plasma concentration-time curves of the two products. The Cmax were comparable for both products. Quality control data including assay, content uniformity, disintegration and dissolution indicated that both products passed the pharmacopoeial requirements, USP XXI and BP 1980, Addendum 1983. It is concluded that Antiplate-75 is bioequivalent to Persantine.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

The effect of diltiazem, a calcium channel blocking agent, on vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine, serotonin and potassium depolarization in canine coronary and femoral arteries.

1. Diltiazem produced a dose-dependent inhibition of contractions due to norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5HT) and high potassium depolarization in both coronary and femoral artery rings. 2. Diltiazem was a more potent and efficacious blocker of all 3 agonists in the coronary arteries. 3. Dose response curves to NE and 5HT indicated that diltiazem produced a noncompetitive type of blockade. 4. Diltiazem blocked contractions produced by 5HT more easily than those produced by NE in both coronary and femoral artery rings. 5. That diltiazem was more potent in coronary than femoral arteries suggests a basic difference in calcium regulation in the two vessels.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Effect of molsidomine on coronary collateral blood flow in acute myocardial ischemia.

The actions of molsidomine, a new antianginal agent, on coronary collateral blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption were studied in anesthetized dogs with acute ligation of the distal third of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Molsidomine (50 and 100 microgram/kg, i.v.) produced a significant decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption, however no change occurred in collateral blood flow. These results suggest that the beneficial actions of molsidomine in myocardial ischemia are primarily due to a decrease in oxygen demand.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Perceptions of Jordanian children about nurses.

Although children's drawings have been widely studied, a few have identified children's perceptions about nurses. Through interviews and drawings, Jordanian children were studied to examine their perceptions of nurses. These children had positive images of nurses and viewed the profession as being an attractive career choice.

Art↗