Biomedical subjects

M Gili

Publications and source records attributed to M Gili.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Age-period-cohort analysis of breast cancer mortality rates in Andalucia (Spain).

BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper is to analyse breast cancer mortality in Andalucia (Spain) between 1975 and 1999 based on age-period-cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Mortality data were obtained from the Mortality Registry of Andalucia. Deaths and population were divided into 13 age groups and five 5-year periods. From this, age-specific mortality rates for 17 birth cohorts were computed. These were plotted and fitted to Poisson regression models to assess age, period and cohort effects. RESULTS: The best fit was found for the complete model, which simultaneously considered the effects of age-period-cohort. Cohort effects were found to be more important than period effects in terms of model fit. CONCLUSION: These effects were manifest as a seemingly consistent increase in the relative risk of breast cancer mortality with a three-fold increase in women born in the 1950s relative to those born in the 1890s.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Pressure support ventilation in patients with acute lung injury.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the success rate of pressure support ventilation (PSV) in acute lung injury patients undergoing continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV), to study physiologic changes after the transition from CPPV to PSV, and to investigate differences between patients who succeed and patients who fail PSV according to predetermined criteria. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: General intensive care unit in a teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: We studied 48 patients having acute lung injury, as defined by a PaO2/F(IO2) <300 mm Hg and the presence of bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph, and ventilated with CPPV. We included patients with PaO2 >80 mm Hg, at positive end-expiratory pressure of <15 cm H2O and with F(IO2) up to 1.0. INTERVENTIONS: After enrollment, PSV was instituted and patients were strictly monitored during the following 48 hrs. Subjects who met any of the predefined PSV failure criteria during this period were returned to CPPV (Group F). PSV was continued in the remaining patients (Group S). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Gas exchange, respiratory mechanics, and hemodynamics measurements were collected before switching from CPPV to PSV and were repeated at 24 hrs after beginning PSV, or immediately before return to CPPV in Group F patients. The physiologic deadspace volume to tidal volume ratio (V(D)/V(T)) was obtained by the Enghoff's equation from the measurement of the mixed expired CO2 fraction. PSV resulted in a significant PaCO2 decrease (49.2+/-10.9 mm Hg to 44.4+/-7.2 mm Hg) and significant increases in minute volume (V(E))(9.0+/-2.3 L/min to 12.0+/-4.0 L/min) and arterial blood pH (7.405+/-0.054 to 7.435+/-0.064), with stable oxygenation and hemodynamics. In patients who were hypercapnic (PaCO2 >50 mm Hg) during CPPV, the V(E) increase was higher than in normocapnic patients. In the latter patients, PaCO2 and pH did not change significantly going from CPPV to PSV. A total of 38 patients (79%) were allocated to Group S and the remaining 10 patients were included in Group F. In Group S, positive endexpiratory pressure of 9.4+/-2.9 cm H2O (range, 3-14 cm H2O) and a PSV level of 14.9+/-3.8 cm H2O (range, 9-22 cm H2O) were applied. In Group F, positive end-expiratory pressure of 8.9+/-3.1 cm H2O (range, 5-15 cm H2O) and a PSV level of 21.6+/-4.6 cm H2O (range, 16-31 cm H2O) were adopted. Compared with Group S, Group F had a longer duration of intubation (20.2+/-19.2 days vs. 9.2+/-13.5 days), a lower static compliance of the respiratory system (30.4+/-16.5 mL/cm H2O vs. 41.7+/-15.0 mL/cm H2O), and a higher V(D)/V(T) (0.70+/-0.09 vs. 0.52+/-0.10), but similar oxygenation and positive end-expiratory pressure. V(E) was higher in Group F during both CPPV and PSV. CONCLUSIONS: In a relatively high proportion of the investigated patients, PSV was successful. The institution of PSV led to no major changes in oxygenation or in hemodynamics. PSV was associated with increases in V(E) and respiratory frequency. In patients who had been hypercapnic during CPPV, PaCO2 decreased despite a compensated pH. Compared with PSV success patients, patients who failed PSV appeared to be sicker, as shown by the higher duration of respiratory support, increased ventilatory needs, and decreased respiratory system compliance, despite similar arterial oxygenation and positive end-expiratory pressure.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗

PubMed1999

Mental disorders on the island of Formentera: prevalence in general population using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN).

BACKGROUND: The aims of this two-stage epidemiological study were: to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the general population of the island of Formentera (Balearic Isles, Spain); to provide reference data for subsequent health care planning; and to test a relatively new assessment instrument, the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), in a community study. METHOD: It was designed as a cross-sectional two-stage community study using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) at stage one (N = 697), and the SCAN at stage two (N = 242). RESULTS: Estimated prevalence of disorders was 21.4% according to the ICD-10 classification system. Neurotic and somatoform disorders were the most prevalent, followed by substance-related, sleep and mood disorders. Total prevalence of mental disorders showed no significant differences according to sex. As regards age, mood and anxiety disorders were most prevalent in the 30- to 50-year age group, and sleep disorders were more prevalent in the older group. CONCLUSION: Prevalences of mental disorders in Formentera are higher than those found in two-stage studies in other countries and similar to those found in most studies in Spain, despite the variety of the instruments used.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Continuous intravenous intradialysis versus intravenous postdialysis erythropoietin therapy in chronic haemodialysis patients: a randomized, controlled, crossover study.

BACKGROUND: Subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin seems to be more effective than intravenous administration. Local pain, however, may diminish patient compliance with the subcutaneous route. Recently continuous intravenous intradialysis administration of rHuEpo has been reported to be more efficacious in stimulating erythropoiesis than the usual postdialysis intravenous bolus. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, controlled, crossover study on stable chronic haemodialysis patients to compare the efficacy of continuous intradialysis rHuEpo therapy with intravenous postdialysis administration. Twenty patients were selected and randomly assigned to receive rHuEpo either postdialysis (control phase) or by continuous intradialysis perfusion (slow Epo phase) for 12 weeks. After this period, patients were switched to the alternative method for 12 additional weeks. The erythropoietin dose remained unchanged during the study. Haematocrit was monitored weekly and iron metabolism, serum Epo, and vitamins were measured monthly. Urea kinetics and iPTH measurements were performed every 3 months. RESULTS: Three patients were excluded because of unrelated problems. The final mean haematocrit was unchanged from previous basal values in both phases and no statistical differences were found for any parameter between the groups. No differences were found in iron metabolism nor in urea kinetic parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous intravenous intradialysis administration of rHuEpo is not more effective than an intravenous postdialysis bolus as rHuEpo maintenance therapy in stable chronic haemodialysis patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Genotype-phenotype relationship in 12 patients carrying cystic fibrosis mutation R334W.

We present a phenotype-genotype correlation analysis in 12 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) carrying the mutation R334W in the CFTR gene. The clinical data obtained for this group were compared with the clinical data of deltaF508/deltaF508 patients. Current age and age at diagnosis were significantly higher in the R334W mutation group (p=0.028 and p=0.0001). We found a lower rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation in patients carrying the R334W mutation, although the difference was not found to be statistically significant. However, we found a statistically significant higher age of onset of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation (p=0.0036) in the group of patients with the R334W mutation. Thirty three percent of R334W patients were pancreatic insufficient, significantly lower than the deltaF508/deltaF508 patients (p=0.004). We also found that the weight expressed as a percentage of ideal weight for height was significantly higher in patients with the R334W mutation (p=0.0028).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Human papillomavirus DNA and antibodies to human papillomaviruses 16 E2, L2, and E7 peptides as predictors of survival in patients with squamous cell cervical cancer.

PURPOSE: To assess whether human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection in cervical cancer specimens, or antibodies to selected HPV 16 peptides are predictors of tumor recurrence and long-term survival in patients with squamous cell invasive cervical cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Four hundred seventy-one cases included in two population-based case-control studies underwent follow-up evaluation. The survival and cause of death were ascertained for 410 cases (87%), with a median follow-up time of 4.6 years after diagnosis. HPV DNA was assessed using an L1 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based system and Southern hybridization (SH) on scraped cytologic specimens or biopsies. HPV 16 antibodies to E2, L2, and E7 peptides were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Clinical stage was the only independent prognostic factor for recurrence or survival. Although seropositivity to HPV 16 E7/3 peptide predicted a twofold excess risk of mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [HRa] = 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 3.3), the association was restricted to stage I (HRa = 6.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 37.6) and II (HRa = 5.9; 95% CI, 2.1 to 16.5) patients. The presence of HPV DNA (HRa = 0.9; 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.5), different estimates of the HPV viral load and the HPV type identified were not predictors of tumor recurrence or survival. CONCLUSION: The presence of antibodies to HPV 16 E7 proteins is of prognostic value in early-stage cervical cancer. Our results provide strong evidence that detection and typing of HPV DNA in cervical cells or tissues is not a prognostic factor for recurrence or survival.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Male sexual behavior and human papillomavirus DNA: key risk factors for cervical cancer in Spain.

BACKGROUND: It is now established that certain types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the sexually transmitted agents etiologically linked to cervical cancer. Studies assessing the contribution of the male's sexual behavior and genital HPV DNA status to the risk of development of cervical neoplasia in sexual partners have yielded inconsistent results. PURPOSE: This study evaluates the role of men's sexual behavior and the presence of HPV DNA in the penis on the development of cervical cancer in their sexual partners in Spain, a low-risk area for cervical neoplasia. METHODS: Husbands (n = 633) of women participating in two case-control studies of cervical neoplasia were interviewed to obtain information on lifestyle habits, including sexual practices. Cytologic samples were taken from the distal urethra and the surface of the glans penis of 183 husbands of case women and of 171 husbands of control women. These samples were analyzed by a polymerase chain reaction-based system using a generic probe and 25 type-specific probes for the detection and typing of HPV DNA. Serologic specimens were also obtained and analyzed for antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, herpes simplex virus type II, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. RESULTS: The presence of HPV DNA in the husbands' penis conveyed a fivefold risk of cervical cancer to their wives (adjusted odds ratio [OR] for HPV DNA positivity = 4.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9-12.6). The risk of cervical cancer was strongly related to HPV type (adjusted OR for HPV type 16 = 9.0; 95% CI = 1.1-77.5), to the husbands' number of extramarital partners (adjusted OR = 11.0; 95% CI = 3.0-40.0; for > or = 21 women versus one), and to the number of prostitutes as extramarital sexual partners (adjusted OR = 8.0; 95% CI = 2.9-22.2; for > or = 10 women versus none). Presence of antibodies to C. trachomatis (adjusted OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.4-4.6) and an early age at first sexual intercourse of the husband (adjusted OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.7-5.9; for < or = 15 years versus > or = 21 years) were also associated with cervical neoplasia in the wife. After adjustment for these variables and for the wife's pack-years of smoking, the husband's smoking was moderately associated with cervical cancer in his wife (adjusted OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.4-4.4; for > or = 26.2 pack-years versus none). CONCLUSIONS: The study supports the role of men as vectors of the HPV types that are related to cervical cancer. Life-time number of female sexual partners, number of female prostitutes as sexual partners, and detection of HPV DNA in the penis of husbands are all surrogate markers of exposure to HPV during marriage. IMPLICATIONS: Men who report multiple sexual partners or who are carriers of HPV DNA may be vectors of high-risk HPV types and may place their wives at high risk of developing cervical cancer. Prostitutes are an important reservoir of high-risk HPVs.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed1996

Serological response to HPV16 in CIN-III and cervical cancer patients. Case-control studies in Spain and Colombia.

This study evaluates the association of antibodies against HPV-16-derived peptides with cervical cancer and estimates the sensitivity and specificity of the serological assays in relation to HPV DNA detection in cervical cells by PCR. Study subjects were derived from 4 case-control studies carried out in Spain and Colombia. Sera from 544 cases of CIN III and invasive cancer and of 543 age-matched controls were tested for antibodies to 5 peptides derived from E2, E7 (3 partially overlapping frames of HPV 16 denoted E7/ 1, E7/2, E7/3) and L2 open reading frames of HPV 16. HPV DNA was detected using a L1-PCR based method. Among cancer controls, antibody response to E2 and E7/1, E7/2, E7/3 was higher in Colombia (22.5%,7.2%,11.7%,12.6% respectively) than in Spain (17.1 %, 4.7%, 5.9%, 5.9%). E7 antibodies were related to stage, particularly in CIN III vs. invasive stages and less markedly within invasive stages. Detection of antibodies to the E7/1 was associated to CIN III (OR = 1.8). The risk of invasive cervical cancer was increased among those with antibodies to E2 (OR = 2.2), to E7/1 (OR = 4.2), to E7/2 (OR = 4.3), and to E7/3 (OR = 2.5). Presence of antibodies to all the 3 E7 peptides increased the risk of CIN III (OR = 5.6) and that of invasive cancer (OR = 17.5). High levels of antibodies to E7/1 or E7/2 or E7/3 increased the risk of invasive cervical cancer (OR for high levels of antibodies vs. negatives to E7/1 OR = 22.6; E7/2 OR = 7.5, E7/3 OR = 3.4). In the present analysis, antibodies to L2 were not associated with either CIN III or cervical cancer. Serological markers of HPV 16 detected less than half of the HPV-16-DNA-positive cases. It is concluded that antibodies to E2 and particularly E7 antigens are strongly associated with cervical cancer. Antibodies to E7 seem to be a moderate marker of tumor burden.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Socioeconomic differences in cervical cancer: two case-control studies in Colombia and Spain.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the causes of socioeconomic differences in invasive cervical cancer in two countries that differ substantially in cervical cancer incidence and economic development. METHODS: Data were derived from two case-control studies carried out in Spain and Colombia; there were 373 case subjects, 387 control subjects, and 425 husbands interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Exfoliated cells were obtained from cervical or penile scrapes and tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. RESULTS: Relative to better educated women, women with low educational levels in both countries reported fewer Pap smears and had a higher prevalence of HPV DNA. The prevalence ratio of HPV DNA across educational strata was twofold in Spain and fourfold in Colombia. In both countries, husbands of poorly educated women reported higher use of prostitutes than husbands of better educated women. In Colombia, 30% of husbands of poorly educated women harbored HPV DNA, compared with 10% of husbands of better educated women. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic differences in invasive cervical cancer could be partly explained by differences in the prevalence of HPV DNA and by a lower use of preventive care.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Cervical cancer and herpes simplex virus type 2: case-control studies in Spain and Colombia, with special reference to immunoglobulin-G sub-classes.

Two case-control studies, including 449 histologically confirmed cases of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) III and 425 controls, and 2 studies on invasive cervical cancer, involving 316 histologically confirmed cases and 330 population controls, were conducted in Colombia and Spain to assess the role of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in cervical neoplasia. Antibodies to this virus were also measured in the sera of 931 husbands of cases and controls. A serological assay using type-specific antigens, glycoprotein C for type I (gC-I) and glycoprotein G for type 2 (gG-2) was employed. Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) sub-classes, IgG1 and IgG3, were measured in women positive for HSV-2 antibodies. No increase in risk of CIN III or invasive cancer was found in women whose sera or whose husbands' sera were positive to HSV-2. However, compared with women negative to HSV-2, the risk of CIN III progressively increased with increasing levels of IgG1. The trend was statistically significant in Colombia. There was also a statistically significant increasing trend in risk of invasive cancer with levels of IgG1 in Spain. The levels of IgG3 and its ratio to IgG1, which may indicate recurrent infections, were not associated with the risk of either type of cancer. When the association with IgG1 was analyzed by human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA status, as determined by polymerase chain reaction, the trend was clearer in women whose HPV status was not determined or in those with negative HPV DNA. These results suggest that the role of HSV-2 is merely marginal and do not support the hypothesis that recurrent HSV-2 infections are of importance for cervical neoplasia.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Abulia and impulsiveness revisited: a conceptual history.

Historical analysis suggests that the decline and fall of the will was due not to any major piece of empirical work demonstrating that the concept was unsound but to general changes in philosophical fashion, and to the temporary influence of the anti-mentalistic tenets of behaviorism and the anti-volitional assumptions of psychoanalysis. Clinical disorders like abulia and impulsiveness share conceptual features that 19th-century alienists captured well in their clinical category of disorder of the will. Current accounts, which include semi-explanatory concepts such as "drive", "motivation" or frontal lobe "executive" are not conceptually better than the old notion of will nor are they superior as correlational variables for neurobiological studies. It is suggested that the will, updated according to modern work in the philosophy of action, be re-adopted as a research category in current psychiatry.

Drive↗

PubMed1994

Sexually transmitted agents and cervical neoplasia in Colombia and Spain.

Case-control studies of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia grade III (CIN III) and of invasive cervical cancer were carried out in Spain and Colombia to assess the relationship between cervical cancer and 6 common sexually transmitted agents (STAs). The CIN-III studies included 525 cases and 512 controls matched for age and for the place of recruitment; the invasive-cancer studies included 373 histologically confirmed cases of squamous-cell carcinoma and 387 age-stratified controls selected randomly from the populations that generated the cases. Antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-2) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) were tested in 88% of the women. Cervical scrapes were examined for HPV DNA in 63% of the women using a polymerase-chain-reaction assay (PCR). Among controls, the highest antibody prevalence was to CMV (96.5%), followed by HSV-2 (31.4%) and C. trachomatis (23.3%). For all STAs, the sero-prevalence was markedly higher in Colombia than in Spain both for cases and for controls. After adjustment for the presence of HPV DNA, C. trachomatis was the only STA associated with CIN III in both countries; Spain and Colombia. In both countries, the risk of CIN III increased with increasing of C. trachomatis antibody titers. Among Spanish women, an increase in risk of invasive carcinoma was found for those with antibodies to N. gonorrhoeae; those with antibodies to HSV-2 and those with antibodies to C. trachomatis. These associations were present only in HPV-DNA-negative women. Among HPV-DNA-positive women, none of the STAs considered were associated with cervical neoplasia. Our findings could be interpreted as indicating that past infections with HSV-2, N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis are surrogate markers of HPV, but because HPV DNA may have escaped detection, we cannot exclude that these STAs are also of separate etiological significance.

Case-Control Studies↗

PubMed1993

[Human papilloma virus in the etiology of cervicouterine cancer].

The objectives of this study were to confirm the hypothesis that invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix and the precursors of that condition are most often caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infections, and to determine whether or not other risk factors are involved in the neoplastic process. For this purpose, four concurrent case-control studies were carried out. Two included cases of invasive cervical cancer and population-based controls. The other two included cases of in situ carcinoma and controls. Research was carried out in nine provinces of Spain and in Cali, Colombia. The identification of cases took place between June 1985 and June 1988. The studies included 436 incident cases of invasive carcinoma and 387 controls, selected at random from the corresponding populations, and 525 cases of in situ carcinoma and 512 controls paired by age, place of recruitment, and date that cytological specimens were taken from the women participating in cytological screening programs. Exposure to HPV was detected through hybridization tests after amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in exfoliated cervical cells from cases and controls. Exposure to HPV was the principal risk factor in the four studies. For invasive carcinoma, the relative risk and 95% confidence interval were 46.2 (18.5-115.1) in Spain and 15.6 (6.9-34.7) in Colombia. For in situ carcinoma, the figures were 56.9 (24.8-130.6) in Spain and 15.5 (8.2-29.4) in Colombia. This strong association was specific for types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35 as well as still-unclassified HPV types.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Carcinoma in Situ↗

PubMed1992

The causal link between human papillomavirus and invasive cervical cancer: a population-based case-control study in Colombia and Spain.

To evaluate the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer, we performed a population-based case-control study in Columbia and Spain, the former country having an incidence rate of cervical cancer about 8 times higher than the latter. It included 436 cases of histologically confirmed invasive cervical cancer and 387 randomly selected population controls. Information on demographic variables, sexual behaviour and other risk factors was obtained by interview. HPV-DNA was measured in cervical-swab specimens with 3 hybridization assays: ViraPap, Southern hybridization (SH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of HPV-DNA and detection of types 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35 were strongly associated with cervical cancer in each country regardless of the assay used. For both countries combined the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were: ViraPap OR = 25.9 (10.0-66.7); SH OR = 6.8 (3.4-13.4); and PCR OR = 28.8 (15.7-52.6). HPV-16 was the most common type detected in both cases and controls. Our results indicate that there is a very strong association between HPV 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35 and invasive cervical cancer and that this association is probably causal.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed1992

Risk factors for cervical cancer in Colombia and Spain.

A population-based case-control study of cervical cancer was conducted in Spain and Colombia to assess the relationship between cervical cancer and exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV), selected aspects of sexual and reproductive behaviour, use of oral contraceptives, screening practices and smoking. The study included 436 cases of histologically confirmed squamous-cell carcinoma and 387 age-stratified controls randomly selected from the general population that generated the cases. The presence of HPV DNA in cervical scrapes was assessed by PCR-based methods and was the strongest risk factor (OR = 23.8; 13.4-42.0). Risk estimates for any other factor were only slightly modified after adjusting for HPV status. Among women found positive for HPV DNA, only the use of oral contraceptives was a risk factor for cervical cancer (OR = 6.5; 1.3-31.4 for ever vs. never use). Patients with cervical cancer who were HPV DNA-negative retained most of the established epidemiological features of this disease. This suggests that some instances of HPV infection went undetected or that other sexually transmitted factor(s) contribute to the causation of cervical cancer. Early age at first intercourse (OR = 4.3; 2.1-9.0 for age < 16 vs. 24+) and early age at first birth (OR = 5.0; 1.8-14.2 for age < 16 vs. 24+) were associated with increased risk of cervical cancer; these effects were independent of one another. Low educational level was a risk factor (OR = 2.5; 1.6-3.9). Number of sexual partners was in our study a surrogate for HPV infection. Smoking and parity after age 24 were weakly and inconsistently associated with the risk of cervical cancer. Previous screening (OR = 0.7; 0.5-1.0) and ever having undergone a Caesarean section (OR = 0.4; 0.2-0.8) were protective factors.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1992

Comparison of ViraPap, Southern hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction methods for human papillomavirus identification in an epidemiological investigation of cervical cancer.

In order to provide a reliable diagnosis for the presence and type of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in a case-control study of cervical cancer in Colombia and Spain, 926 cervical scrapes from female subjects were examined by ViraPap (VP) and Southern hybridization (SH), and 510 of these (263 cases and 247 controls) were also tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the HPV L1 consensus primers. HPV DNA prevalence was much higher in cases than in controls by each of the three tests. There was complete agreement between the results of the three tests for 64.9% of the 510 specimens; 53.5% were negative and 11.4% were positive (regardless of type) by all tests. An additional 29.0% of the specimens were positive by PCR: 19.4% by PCR alone, 6.7% by PCR and VP, and 2.9% by PCR and SH. SH and/or VP gave positive results for 6.0% of the specimens for which the PCR finding was negative: 2.7% by SH alone, 2.5% by VP alone, and 0.8% by both VP and SH. When specimens which were positive by VP alone or only by SH at low-stringency conditions were excluded, PCR confirmed all but four specimens which were positive by other tests. The concordance between type-specific diagnosis by SH and PCR was 86% when HPVs were typed in both tests. HPV-16 accounted for over 80% of the typed HPVs in each test. The presence of blood in case specimens did not appear to inhibit HPV positivity by VP or by PCR at the dilution tested. Low amounts of cellular DNA of specimens resulted in some underestimation of HPV positivity by VP and SH but not by PCR. Compared with that of PCR, the sensitivities for case specimens were 38% by SH and 50% by VP; the sensitivity for control specimens, although it could not be measured precisely because there were few positive specimens, appeared to be lower than for case specimens. It was concluded that PCR-based tests are best suited for epidemiological investigation of HPVs.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Furan and thiophene analogues of omeprazole.

Synthesis and structure of some analogs of the omeprazole containing furan and thiophene rings are reported. Their effects on the basal and the histamine-stimulated secretion were evaluated on the isolated rat stomach.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Synthesis and H2-antagonist properties of some 1,2,5-thiadiazole-1-oxide derivatives.

A series of 1,2,5-thiadiazole-1-oxide derivatives has been synthesized and studied for its H2-antagonist properties. These derivatives can be considered derived from classical H2-antagonists in which the structure was deeply modified in order to evidence the minimal structural requirements for the activity. It was found that it is sufficient to have the 1,2,5-thiadiazole-1-oxide ring substituted with an alkylamino moiety and with an aliphatic chain linked to the hydroxy or ether group to achieve compounds as active as cimetidine. A few considerations on the binding on guinea-pig cerebral cortex of a series of H2-antagonists with more and more simplified structures are also reported.

Animals↗