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Biomedical subjects

M Good

Publications and source records attributed to M Good.

44 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of hippocampal-area parahippocampalis lesions on discrimination learning in the pigeon.

Three experiments examined the behavioural effects of bilateral ablation of the avian hippocampus-area parahippocampalis (Hp-APH), a region which is considered to be the homologue of the mammalian hippocampal formation. Pigeons with lesions of the Hp-APH were impaired in learning the reversal (but not the acquisition) of a position (left/right) discrimination (Expt. 1). In contrast, lesion birds were unimpaired relative to controls in both the acquisition and reversal of a visual (pattern) discrimination (Expt. 2) in terms of errors to criterion; there was evidence, however, that the pattern of responding differed between groups during reversal. Finally, Hp-APH pigeons were impaired in the acquisition of a conditional discrimination (Expt. 3). The results are compared with the effects of hippocampal ablation in mammals, and their implications for a behavioural homology between the avian Hp-APH and the mammalian hippocampal formation are considered.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhanced DRL and impaired forced-choice alternation performance following hippocampal lesions in the pigeon.

In four experiments, pigeons with bilateral lesions of the hippocampus were compared to unoperated control birds and operated control subjects that received bilateral lesions of the neostriatum on tasks sensitive to hippocampal damage in mammals. Consistent with the mammalian literature, hippocampal birds were impaired on forced-choice alternation in the T-maze, although they were unimpaired on spatial alternation and reversal learning in an operant chamber. Furthermore, in contrast to hippocampal mammals, hippocampal pigeons showed enhanced performance on a differential reinforcement of low-rates of responding schedule of reinforcement. The results are discussed with respect to a behavioural homology between the avian and mammalian hippocampal formations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus learning biofeedback-assisted relaxation.

Psychological stress can have profound disruptive effects upon glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. Presented here is a case study in which biofeedback-assisted relaxation techniques were used to help a young woman with a 10-year history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus to more effectively manage stress, thereby improving glycemic control. Hypoglycemia is a frequently encountered problem with this technique, so the patient was taught to identify causes of hypoglycemic episodes and to take action to prevent their occurrence. The team approach of a diabetes nurse educator working in conjunction with a biofeedback therapist was vital to the success of this program.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of the effects of jaw relaxation and music on postoperative pain.

This experimental study compared the effects of jaw relaxation and music, individually and combined, on sensory and affective pain following surgery. Abdominal surgical patients (N = 84) were randomly assigned to four groups: relaxation, music, a combination of relaxation and music, and control. Interventions were taught preoperatively and used by subjects during the first ambulation after surgery. Indicators of the sensory component of pain were sensation and 24-hour narcotic intake. Indicators of the affective component of pain were distress and anxiety of pain. With preambulatory sensation, distress, narcotic intake, and preoperative anxiety as covariates, the four groups were compared using orthogonal a priori contrasts and analysis of covariance. The interventions were neither effective nor significantly different from one another during ambulation. However, after keeping the taped interventions for 2 postoperative days, 89% of experimental subjects reported them helpful for sensation and distress of pain.

Adult↗