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M Goodfellow

Publications and source records attributed to M Goodfellow.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Immunodiffusion and lipid analyses in the classification of "Mycobacterium album" and the "aurantiaca" taxon.

Comparative immunodiffusion studies were performed on representative strains of "Mycobacterium album", the "aurantiaca" taxon and an "aurantiaca"-like group of actinomycetes, using reference systems representing 25 taxa assigned to the genera Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, Kurthia, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Streptomyces and the "aurantiaca" taxon. Thin-layer chromatographic analyses of whole-organism methanolysates were carried out on single strains of "Mycobacterium album" and the "aurantiaca"-like taxon. Both the distribution of precipitinogens and the type of mycolic acids determined showed that the "Mycobacterium album" and "aurantiaca" strains were closely related to one another, but not to the "aurantiaca"-like strains. The aggregate "aurantiaca" taxon, containing "Mycobacterium album" and the "aurantiaca" taxon, can be distinguished from the established mycolic-acid containing taxa, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Rhodococcus, using both serological and lipid data. Further studies on additional strains are needed to determine whether the aggregate "aurantiaca" taxon merits generic status.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1985

Identification of actinomycetes isolated from cases of bovine farcy in the Sudan.

Thirteen isolates from the lymph nodes of cattle with bovine farcy were examined for biochemical and physiological properties known to differentiate Mycobacterium farcinogenes, Mycobacterium senegalense and Nocardia farcinica. Comparative immunodiffusion studies were performed on all of the test strains, and whole-organism methanolysates from a single representative strain were examined by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. The results of the biochemical, chemical, physiological and serological studies were all consistent with the assignment of the test strains to the genus Mycobacterium as Mycobacterium farcinogenes. The present study together with earlier ones support the hypothesis that M. farcinogenes and M. senegalense, but not N. farcinica, are the principal agents of bovine farcy.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1985

Lipid and wall amino acid composition in the classification and identification of Arachnia propionica.

Two strains of Arachnia propionica and two Arachnia-like isolates were degraded by alkaline methanolysis and the non-hydroxylated fatty acid esters released were examined by thin-layer and gas chromatography. The fatty acid profiles obtained were both qualitatively and quantitatively similar and were comprised of iso-, anteiso- and straight chain saturated fatty acids with 13-methyltetradecanoic acid (i-15) and 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (ai-15) as major components. One of the Arachnia-like strains (HIK 288) had, in addition to i-15 and ai-15, major amounts of pentadecanoic acid (15:0). All of the strains gave characteristic polar lipid patterns consisting of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two incompletely characterised glycolipids. Analyses of wall amino acid preparations by gas and thin-layer chromatography showed that Arachnia propionica strains contain major amounts of alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and LL-diaminopimelic acid. The chemical data support the integrity of Arachnia propionica and provide a valuable means of differentiating it from morphologically and physiologically similar strains of Actinomyces israelii.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1985

Mycolic acid patterns of some rapidly-growing species of Mycobacterium.

Representative strains of some rapidly-growing species of Mycobacterium were degraded by both acid methanolysis and alkaline hydrolysis followed by phase-transfer catalysed conversion to methyl esters. Patterns of mycolic acids and other long-chain components were determined for 56 samples by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Representatives of Mycobacterium chitae contained epoxymycolates and alpha and alpha'-mycolates, lacking oxygen functions in addition to the 3-hydroxyacid unit; a previously recorded pattern of alpha,alpha'-, methoxy- and ketomycolates was confirmed for Mycobacterium thermoresistible. An unusual pattern of alpha-, alpha'-, methoxy- and minor possible ketomycolates was characteristic of Mycobacterium agri strains. Wax-ester and alpha-mycolates were present in all the remaining test strains, the former being observed as their omega-carboxymycolate and 2-alkanol degradation products. The principal remaining component corresponded to ketomycolates in extracts of Mycobacterium flavescens, Mycobacterium aichiense, Mycobacterium neoaurum, Mycobacterium rhodesiae, Mycobacterium tokaiense and five out of the seven Mycobacterium aurum strains. Such a pattern, but with reduced amounts of alpha-mycolates, was also found for Mycobacterium gadium and "Mycobacterium gallinarum". The above pattern, with the addition of alpha'-mycolates, was characteristic of Mycobacterium chubuense, Mycobacterium duvalii, Mycobacterium gilvum, Mycobacterium parafortuitum and two remaining strains of M. aurum. Representatives of Mycobacterium komossense had a characteristic pattern with components co-chromatographing with alpha-, methoxy-, keto- and omega-carboxymycolates and 2-alkanols. A number of unidentified polar components were recorded in certain chromatographic patterns.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1985

Distribution of some mycobacterial waxes based on the phthiocerol family.

Characteristic waxes, based on methoxy and keto long-chain diols, members of the phthiocerol family, have been isolated from representatives of Mycobacterium bovis, M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. microti and M. tuberculosis. M. kansasii produced essentially di-esters of the ketodiol phthiodiolone A, but the remaining species also had waxes based on the methoxy-diols phthiocerol A and phthiocerol B. Gas chromatography of derivatives of the components of the waxes showed that the phthiocerol A components from M. bovis, M. microti and M. microti and M. tuberculosis were qualitatively similar, being mainly C34 and C36, but potentially significant differences were seen in the proportions of the components from M. bovis. The phthiocerols A from M. marinum were C28 and C30 and the phthiodiolones A from M. kansasii were C25 and C27. The multimethyl-branched acids from the waxes of M. bovis were quantitatively different from those of M. microti and M. tuberculosis but all these mycocerosic acids ranged in size from C23 or C24 to C32, with C29 or C30 being the major component in most cases. M. marinum and M. kansasii strains had mainly C26 or C27 and C29 or C30 multimethyl-branched acids, respectively.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1985

Quantitative comparison of the mycolic and fatty acid compositions of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium gordonae.

The mycolic and fatty acids of three samples each of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium gordonae were compared. Acids released by whole-organism alkaline hydrolysis were converted to 4-nitrobenzyl esters and mycolic acids were further derivatized to t-butyldimethylsilyl ethers. Thin-layer chromatography of the derivatized long-chain extracts showed that all three M. leprae preparations contained so-called alpha-mycolates and ketomycolates but that the M. gordonae samples had a methoxymycolate in addition to the above types. Silica gel normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of the total mycolic acid derivatives confirmed the lack of detectable amounts of methoxymycolates in M. leprae and reverse-phase chromatography of the individual mycolate types demonstrated the homogeneity of the chain lengths of the mycolic acids in each species. Non-hydroxylated fatty acid 4-nitrobenzyl esters were transformed to methyl esters and examined by gas chromatography. Tuberculostearic (10-methyloctadecanoic) acid was a major component of the lipids of all three M. leprae preparations but it was absent in one M. gordonae strain and a very minor component in the other representatives of this latter species. On the basis of fatty and mycolic acid compositions, therefore, a previously suggested close relationship between M. leprae and M. gordonae was not supported.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Numerical analysis of fatty acid profiles in the identification of staphylococci.

Representative strains of coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci were degraded by acid methanolysis and the resultant fatty acid methyl esters analysed by gas chromatography. The quantitative data obtained were examined by cluster analysis. The coagulase-positive strains formed six major and one single-member cluster at the 90% S-level. The Staphylococcus intermedius aggregate cluster included the single-member cluster and major clusters 1 and 2. The four remaining clusters contained S. aureus strains and were homogeneous and distinct. The coagulase-negative strains were recovered in ten major and three single-member clusters at the 90% S-level. Five of the ten major clusters were reasonably homogeneous with respect to the existing classification. Thus, three S. capitis strains and five of the six S. epidermidis strains, two of the three S. hominis strains and five of the six S. simulans strains were recovered in separate clusters. Cluster 7 was divided into two subclusters; one contained five of the six S. hyicus strains and the other contained the two representatives of S. lentus. The remaining clusters were heterogeneous with regard to the named strains they contained.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1985

Menaquinone composition of mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes and some sporoactinomycetes.

The menaquinones of 141 actinomycetes representing the genera Caseobacter, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus and some related taxa lacking mycolic acids were examined by mass spectrometry. The mycolic acid-containing strains were assigned to four groups on the basis of the predominant isoprenologue detected: Rhodococcus coprophilus, R. equi, R. erythropolis, R. globerulus, R. rhodnii, R. rhodochrous and R. ruber contained dihydrogenated menaquinones with eight isoprene units; Nocardia asteroides, N. brasiliensis, N. carnea, N. otitidis-caviarum and N. transvalensis contained tetrahydrogenated menaquinones with eight isoprene units; Caseobacter polymorphus, R. bronchialis, R. rubropertinctus and R. terrae and representatives of twenty-one approved species of Mycobacterium contained dihydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units; a single strain of 'Mycobacterium album', contained unsaturated menaquinones with nine isoprene units. Actinomycetes containing meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose in the wall peptidoglycan but lacking mycolic acids were recovered in two groups: tetrahydrogenated menaquinones with eight isoprene units were the main components from 'Nocardia' autotrophica and Pseudonocardia thermophila whereas Saccharopolyspora hirsuta and Pseudonocardia spp. contained tetrahydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units. Promicromonospora citrea and 'skin coryneforms' with LL-diaminopimelic acid and glycine in the wall peptidoglycan also contained tetrahydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units as the major isoprenologue. In contrast, representatives of the genera Kitasatoa, Microellobosporia, Streptomyces and Streptoverticillium were characterized by the presence of complex mixtures of tetra-, hexa- and octa-hydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units. The menaquinone data correlate well with other developments in actinomycete systematics and confirm earlier suggestions that menaquinone analyses are of value in both the classification and identification of actinomycetes. Indeed, the data suggest that minimal descriptions of wall chemotype IV taxa should ideally include information on menaquinone composition.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1979

Isoprenoid quinones in the classification of coryneform and related bacteria.

Menaquinones were the only isoprenoid quinones found in 85 of the 95 coryneform bacteria examined. Dihydromenaquinones having nine isoprene units were the main components isolated from Corynebacterium bovis, from other glutamic acid-producing strains, and from Arthrobacter globiformis and related species. Dihydromenaquinones with eight isoprene units were found in Brevibacterium linens, the remaining Corynebacterium species and strains probably belonging to the genus Rhodococcus. Tetrahydromenaquinones with eight isoprene units were found in Arthrobacter simplex and Arthrobacter tumescens, and with nine isoprene units in Cellulomonas and Oerskovia. Kurthia and Curtobacterium were characterized by menaquinones with seven and nine isoprene units, respectively, and Microbacterium lacticum and Corynebacterium aquaticum had comparable amounts of menaquinones with 10 and 11 isoprene units. Strains received as Brevibacterium leucinophagum, Corynebacterium autotrophicum, Corynebacterium nephridii, Mycobacterium flavum, Mycoplana rubra and Protaminobacter ruber contained uniquinones as their sole isoprenoid quinones. The isoprenoid quinone data correlate well with major trends in coryneform taxonomy and are of value in the classification of coryneform and related bacteria.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1979

Numerical taxonomy of Actinomadura and related actinomycetes.

One hundred and fifty-six Actinomadura strains, marker strains of related taxa, and related isolates from bagasse and fodder were the subject of numerical phenetic analyses using 90 unit characters. The data were examined using the simple matching (SSM), Jaccard (SJ) and pattern (DP) coefficients and clustering was achieved using both single and average linkage algorithms. Cluster composition was not markedly affected either by the coefficient or clustering algorithms used or by test error, estimated at 4.5%. Actinomadura dassonvillei, Actinomadura madurae and Streptomyces somaliensis formed good taxospecies, but the separation of Actinomadura pelletieri strains into two clusters by SJ and SSM analysis requires further study. The single representatives of Actinomadura helvata, Actinomadura pusilla, Actinomadura roseoviolacea, Actinomadura spadix and Actinomadura verrucosopora seemed to form new centres of variation while Actinomadura citrea and Actinomadura malachitica showed much similarity with Actinomadura madurae. Most of the isolates form bagasse and fodder were recovered in two well-defined phena, provisionally labelled clusters 'A' and 'B' which showed little similarity to either Actinomadura or Nocardia strains. The effect of the different coefficients on the aggregation of clusters is discussed.

Nocardiaceae↗
PubMed1977

The actinomycete-genus Rhodococcus: a home for the "rhodochrous" complex.

A numerical taxonomic classification study was carried out on 177 strains representing the "rhodochrous" complex and the genera Gordona, Mycobacterium and Nocardia. The strains were examined for 92 unit characters and the data were analysed by computer. Three clusters were defined at the 75 to 80% similarity level. The first was a heterogeneous cluster corresponding to the "rhodochrous" taxon whereas the other two contained Mycobacterium and Nocardia strains respectively. The good correlation between the numerical analysis and chemo-taxonomic, serological and genetical data collected from previous studies provides sufficient evidence for raising the "rhodochrous" taxon to generic status. We consider the generic name Rhodococcus Aopf to have priority over Proactinomyces (Jensen) Bradley & Bond, Jensenia Bisset & Moore and Gordona Tsukamura. In addition to the type species, Rhodococcus rhodochrous, nine species are recognized: R. bronchialis, R. coprophilus, R. corallinus, R. erythropolis, R. equi, R. rhodnii, R. rubrus, R. rubropertinctus and R. terrae.

Genetics, Microbial↗
PubMed1977

Distribution of menaquinones in actinomycetes and corynebacteria.

Menaquinones were the only isoprenoid quinones found in 48 corynebacteria and actinomycete strains examined. Dihydromenaquinones having nine isoprene units were the main components isolated from Gordona, Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium bovis, Corynebacterium glutamicum and a strain labelled Nocardia farcinica, but dihydromenaquinones having eight isoprene units were characteristic of other Corynebacterium species and representatives of the 'rhodochrous' complex. Tetrahydromenaquinones having six and eight isoprene units were found in Nocardia strains and in a single strain of Micropolyspora brevicatena, which also contained mycolic acids similar in chain length to those of Nocardia. Menaquinones having nine isoprene units with from one to five double bonds hydrogenated were the main components in Actinomadura madurae, Actinomadura pelletieri, Micropolyspora faeni, Oerskovia turbata and Streptomyces strains. Actinomadura dassonvillei strains had a characteristic pattern of di-, tetra- and hexahydromenaquinones with 10 isoprene units which was slightly different from the pattern in mixtures of similar quinones from Actinomyces israelii and Actinomyces viscosus.

Corynebacterium↗
PubMed1977

Fatty and mycolic acid composition of Bacterionema matruchotii and related organisms.

Whole-organism methoanolysates of bacterionemae contained mycolic acids in addition to other long-chain fatty acids. These mycolic acids were similar in general structure and overall size to those found in strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium xerosis. The long-chain fatty acids of bacterionemae, mainly straight-chain saturated and unsaturated acids, were similar to those of certain coryneform bacteria including C. diphtheriae. On the basis of these lipid data, and results of earlier studies, we recommend that the genus Bacterionema be transferred from the family Actinomycetaceae to the Coryneform Group of Bacteria.

Actinomycetaceae↗
PubMed1977

Antagonistic interactions of phylloplane bacteria with Drechslera dictyoides (Drechslera) Shoemaker.

Strains of Listeria denitrificans (E2), Pseudomonas fluorescens (C37 and C92), and Xanthomonas campestris (D119), isolated from the phylloplane of Lolium perenne (S24), were antagonistic to Drechslera dictyoides (Drechslera) Shoemaker. From in vitro and in vivo experiments it was deduced that their mode of activity included an initial inhibition of spore germination, a retardation in the rate of germ-tube elongation, and ultimately lysis of the hyphae. The effects were expressed on the plant in terms of reduced levels of disease symptoms and sporulation.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1976

Free mycolic acids as criteria in the classification of Gordona and the 'rhodochrous' complex.

The methyl esters of free mycolic acids from representative strains of Gordona bronchialis, G. rubra, G. terrae and Nocardia kirovani each gave, on mass spectroscopy, homologous series of anhydromycolic esters containing from one to four double bonds with the main components of the parent mycolic acids centered on 56, 58, 62 or 64 carbon atoms (total range from C52 to C66). The mycolic acids from the Gordona strains, with chain lengths centered around C60, form a group intermediate in size between nocardomycolic acids (centered around C50) and mycolie different from those of the 'rhodochrous' complex which have anhydromycolates ranging from C34 to C50. Gordonae are thus more closely related in their mycolic acid composition to Nocardia than to Mycobacterium but can be distinguished from each of these genera.

Esters↗
PubMed1976

Free mycolic acids as criteria in the classification of Nocardia and the 'rhodochrous' complex.

The methyl esters of free mycolic acids from representative strains of Nocardia asteroides, N. brasiliensis, N. caviae and the 'rhodochrous' complex were subjected to detailed mass spectral analysis. The anhydromycolic esters of the Nocardia strains consisted of homologous series containing from zero to three double bonds, with the main components of the parent mycolic acids centred on C52 to C54 (range C46 to C58). The anhydromycolates from one rhodochrous strain, Nocardia opaca, had a molecular weight range similar to the nocardiae (C46 to C57) but the remaining rhodochrous strains gave an homologous series of anhydromycolates containing from zero to two double bonds, with the main components of the parent mycolic acids centred on C38, C42, C44 or C46 (total range from C34 to C50). The mycolic acids from the rhodochrous strains with chain lengths centred around C40 form a group intermediate in size between corynomycolic acids (centred around C32) and nocardomycolic acids (centred around C50). These data weaken the case for retaining the 'rhodochrous' complex in the genus Mycobacterium, and also show that many rhodochrous strains can be distinguished from true nocardiae and corynebacteria. These results confirm the value of lipid characters in the classification of these organisms.

Esters↗