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Biomedical subjects

M Grube

Publications and source records attributed to M Grube.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Differential regulation of transport proteins in the periinfarct region following reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

Members of various transport protein families including ATP-binding cassette transporters and solute carriers were shown to be expressed in brain capillaries, choroid plexus, astrocytes or neurons, controlling drug and metabolite distribution to and from the brain. However, data are currently very limited on how the expression of these transport systems is affected by damage to the brain such as stroke. Therefore we studied the expression of four selected transporters, P-glycoprotein (Mdr1a/b; Abcb1a/b), Mrp5 (Abcc5), Bcrp (Abcg2), and Oatp2 (Slc21a5) in a rat model for stroke. Transporter expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in the periinfarcted region and protein localization and cellular phenotyping were done by immunohistochemistry and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. After stroke, P-glycoprotein staining was detected in endothelial cells of disintegrated capillaries and by day 14 in newly generated blood vessels. There was no significant difference, however, in the Mdr1a mRNA amount in the periinfarcted region compared with the contralateral site. For Bcrp, a significant mRNA up-regulation was observed from days 3-14. This up-regulation was followed by the protein as confirmed by quantitative immunohistochemistry. Oatp2, located in the vascular endothelium, was also up-regulated at day 14. For Mrp5, an up-regulation was observed in neurons in the periinfarcted region (day 14). In conclusion, after stroke the transport proteins were up-regulated with a maximum at day 14, a time point that coincides with behavioral recuperation. The study further suggests Bcrp as a pronounced marker for the regenerative process and a possible functional role of Mrp5 in surviving neurons.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed2005

Inpatient treatment of women with postpartum psychiatric disorders--the role of the male partners.

Postpartum psychiatric disorders are stressful events for all members of the family. The male partners contribute to the women's coping process. To evaluate the men's supportive function we investigated 31 partners of 34 women with postpartum psychiatric disorders. Three male partners were unreachable although we tried to contact them intensively. All the women examined were in-patients of a mother-child unit after delivery. The men's behaviour in the relationship, in their role as a partner, and as a father were rated in a categorical-qualitative way. We found that nearly one third of the male partners can be described as "supportive". This finding strongly correlates with the subjective experience of the corresponding wives of being supported by the male partners. However in the subgroup of women who had already suffered from prepartum psychiatric disorders with onset before index-delivery, the majority of the male partners were rated and experienced as "non-supportive". Additionally, ten of these men suffered from several DSM-IV/ICD-10 based psychiatric disorders themselves. Using the standardised questionnaire "operationalisierte psychodynamische Diagnostik" (OPD) we describe the higher ego-strength of the supportive male partners. We found that there was a reduction in the length of stay in the hospital in the families with supportive male partners.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Phenotype and function of a CD56+ peripheral blood monocyte.

G-CSF primed CD34 cells cultured for 2-3 weeks in IL-2 and stem cell factor generate CD56(high) cells with phenotypic and morphologic features of NK cells, and a novel adherent CD56(low) CD16- population expressing myeloid markers (CD33 and HLA-DR). We hypothesized that similar cells might also occur in peripheral blood. In 13/13 normal individuals, we found a circulating population of CD56(low), CD33+, FcgammaRI+, FcgammaRII+, HLA-DR+, CD11b(high), CD14+ monocytes closely resembling the cultured CD56(low)CD33+ cells. They may represent a normal counterpart of the CD56+ CD33+ hybrid myeloid/natural killer cell leukemia. Their mean frequency was 1.3+/-1% (standard deviation), range 0.16-3.5%, of total mononuclear cells. CD56(low)CD33+ cells, primed with cytomegalovirus antigen, induced autologous T-lymphocyte proliferation comparably to CD56-, CD14+ peripheral blood monocytes (PBM). Conversely, CD56(low) cells induced greater T-cell proliferation than CD56- PBM when lymphocyte responders were HLA mismatched. Unstimulated CD56(low)CD33+ cells showed a low antiproliferative effect on K562, which was increased upon LPS stimulation. The pattern of cytokine production by CD56(low)CD33+ cells and PBM largely overlapped; however, they produced detectable levels of IL-6 and IL-1beta. These results define a minor monocyte population with distinct phenotypic and functional features.

CD56 Antigen↗
PubMed2005

Endolithic growth of two Lecidea lichens in granite from continental Antarctica detected by molecular and microscopy techniques.

Through the combined use of molecular and microscopy techniques, the endolithic lichens Lecidea cancriformis and Lecidea sp. were identified, even in the absence of fruiting bodies, and positioned under epilithic lichens. Cells of both algal and fungal symbionts were observed in fissures and cracks of the lithic substrate with no clear heteromerous structure. At the ultrastructural level, the two lichens differed in terms of their algal-fungal relationships. Only one genotype of Trebouxia ITS sequence was identified from specimens of Lecidea sp., Umbilicaria aprina and Buellia frigida from the same zone, which could be mainly determined by low availability of alga in these extreme environments. These lichens showed features typical of both chasmoendolithic and euendolithic microorganisms. Signs of biogeophysical and biogeochemical action on the substrate were detected close to fungal cells. This action seemed to be mainly conditioned by the local physico-chemical features of the substrate. Evidence for the biomobilization of elements by these endolithic lichens was found. L. cancriformis was observed to accumulate substantial amounts of calcium-rich biominerals. The combined approach proposed is useful for mapping the distribution of endolithic lichens and analysing the processes that occur in their microscopic environment.

Antarctic Regions↗
PubMed2004

[Peripartum psychiatric disorders--support through men? A first approach].

We investigated the partners of 27 women with pre- or postpartal psychiatric disorders. All women were treated as inpatients at a mother-child unit after delivery. The men's behaviour as partners and fathers was rated in a categorical-qualitative way. We found that nearly one third of the men can be described as "supportive". This finding strongly correlates with the subjective experience of the corresponding wives. In the subgroup of women already suffering from prepartal psychiatric disorders before delivery, the majority of the men were rated and experienced as "non-supportive". Using the standardised Operationalised Psychodynamic Diagnostic questionnaire (OPD),we describe the personality structure of,support-ing" men and some resulting therapeutic consequences in "non-supporting" cases. In addition,we found a remarkable reduction in the length of hospital stay in the families with supporting men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Nonfatal suicidal acts in a group of psychiatric inpatients. Situation of Mediterranean immigrants].

We investigated the correlation of belonging to an ethnic cultural minority and nonfatal suicidal acts (suicide attempts), suicidal ideation, and self-injurious behavior in a group of 494 psychiatric inpatients at the time of admission. The frequency of nonfatal suicidal acts was 15.3% in the group of immigrants ( n=111) and 8.9% in the group of German patients. This difference is significant, but the impact of belonging to the immigration group covaries with the impact of female gender and young age (below 45 years). If all three factors come together the risk of suicide attempts increases threefold. In the immigrant group alone, nonfatal suicidal acts were correlated with "transcultural conflicts". In the group of suicide attempters, we tried to assess the risk of suicide with the help of the "suicide risk list" (Pöldinger) and the suicidal intention with the help of the "suicide intention scale" (Pierce). Additionally, we investigated the method of suicide attempts and categorized them into two groups: "hard" and "weak" methods. We did not find any significant difference between immigrants and German patients concerning suicide risk, suicide intention, and choice of the method. Although there are some methodological shortcomings, we interpret our findings as an indication that immigrant inpatients are more involved in managing the additional stress which results from their immigration. Perhaps nonfatal suicidal behavior represents a risky, but insufficient attempt at "solving" transcultural problems in the immigrant group.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2003

Verapamil regulates activity and mRNA-expression of human beta-glucuronidase in HepG2 cells.

A promising development in tumor therapy is the application of non-toxic prodrugs from which the active cytostatic is released by endogenous enzymes such as beta-glucuronidase (beta-gluc). Regulation of beta-gluc expression is one crucial factor modulating bioactivation of prodrugs. Recent experiments in rats indicate regulation of beta-gluc activity by the calcium channel blocker verapamil. To further explore this phenomenon, we investigated the effect of verapamil on beta-gluc enzyme activity, protein (western blot) and mRNA expression (RT-PCR) as well as the underlying mechanisms (effects of verapamil metabolites; promoter activity) in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Treatment of HepG2 cells with verapamil revealed down-regulation of beta-gluc activity, protein, and mRNA level down to 50% of the control with EC(50) values of 25 microM. Effects were similar for both enantiomers. Moreover, it was demonstrated that reduced promoter activity contributes to the observed effects. In summary, our data demonstrate regulation of human beta-glucuronidase expression by verapamil. Based on our findings we hypothesize that coadministration of verapamil may effect cleavage of glucuronides by beta-glucuronidase.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed2001

[Aggressive behavior in psychiatric patients. Possible modification by self-defense training].

We investigated the frequency, kind and intensity of aggressive behavior of 494 psychiatric patients at the time of admission. Nine to ten percent of this group showed aggressive behavior. Therefore since 1992 we have a self-defence training for the staff members with the intention of increasing the safety of staff members in situations of assault. Thirty-one staff members who participated in the self-defence training were given the opportunity to evaluate the program by means of self-rating scales. The results show that in their experience the training increases the extent of self-protective behavior and simultaneously decreases the amount of tension in assault-situations. In addition, we evaluated 18 assault-situations, that occurred during the last 2 years. We found out that 5 of 6 staff members who participated in the self-defence-training could protect themselves successfully in contrast to only 2 of 12 staff members who did not participate in this training. Eight of this group were injured during the assault. The results of our investigation indicate that the introduction of self-defence training for staff members is helpful for the safety of staff members working in the field of psychiatry.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Evaluation of a special project for treatment of psychiatrically ill Turkish migrants].

The in-patient treatment of migrants with psychiatric disorders causes particular difficulties. There is often a barrier of language and culture that raises problems for the diagnostic and therapeutic process. To solve these problems we developed a bilingual setting by integrating a Turkish psychologist who belongs to a counselling centre into our therapeutic team for at least once a week. This offers the possibility for a very qualified psychopathological assessment as the patient can talk to the Turkish psychologist in his native language and the Turkish psychologist can translate this and his own impression accurately also using the psychiatric language. All relevant themes can be discussed, including the possibility of continuing the therapy in the counceling centre. We investigated the impact of this kind of therapeutic approach on the duration of hospitalisation, remission in terms of psychopathology, rehabilitation level, ratio of readmission and contentment with therapy. The migrants were divided into two groups: Turkish migrants were treated in this special setting, non Turkish migrants were not treated in the manner described. There are shorter periods of hospital treatment for Turkish non-schizophrenic in-patients and Turkish schizophrenic patients achieve higher levels of rehabilitation. Turkish patients with all kinds of psychiatric diagnoses show lower ratios of readmission and express greater contentment with therapy. The psychopathological symptoms themselves, however, are not substantically reduced in this special setting.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Phenomenology of heautoscopy. Case report of atypical mirror hallucination].

Heautoscopy is a well-known phenomenon in clinical psychopathology. Strictly speaking it is not a syndrome but a symptom and can be associated with different kinds of mental illness. Our case report deals with an atypical form of heautoscopy. We try to elucidate the essential qualities of our patient's disturbing mental experiences. In addition, we present a psychodynamic approach which seeks to explain the patient's experiences in terms of projection and protective functions.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

An organic psychosis due to a venlafaxine-propafenone interaction.

OBJECTIVE: An extraordinary case of an organic psychosis during the treatment of a patient with a bipolar affective disorder. METHODS: Clinical observation and further investigations including monitoring of serum levels (case report). RESULTS: A significant interaction between venlafaxine and propafenone causes markedly increased serum levels of venlafaxine correlating with unexpected psychopathological changes. CONCLUSIONS: There is a potentially dangerous interaction between venlafaxine and propafenone. Serum levels of venlafaxine should be monitored if propafenone is added.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Aggressive and auto-aggressive behavior of acute geriatric psychiatry admissions--an empirical contribution].

We investigated the extent of aggressiveness of 494 psychiatric patients at the time of admission. This group was divided into two subgroups according to age: 58 patients were more than 65 years old and the remaining 436 patients were less than 65 years old. The two groups were similar as far as kind and frequency of aggressive behaviour against self or others at the time of admission were concerned. There was an important difference in handling the aggressive behaviour as this was significantly easier with the older patients. Furthermore it was possible to describe psychopathological profiles of risk for both allo- and autoaggressive behaviour. Sociodemographic factors could be identified which were linked with the extent of aggressive behaviour by calculating odds ratios.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Efficient genetic analysis of fungal samples.

We present a method for rapid genetic analysis of small amounts of fungal material. Sterile glass slides, sufficiently small to fit in a standard PCR tube, were placed on agar inside a Petri dish. After a few days, fungal cultures start to overgrow the glass slides. Glass slides with attached mycelium were harvested, analysed microscopically, and placed into a standard PCR tube. Conserved primers flanking the ITS regions of rDNA repeat were used in a direct PCR with the fungal material. Sequence data were generated to be included in phylogenetic analyses to investigate the relationships of the studied mycorrhizal fungi from orchids. The mycelium attached to glass slides was also used for an in situ hybridization experiment using fluorescent labelled oligonucleotides as probes. Fluorescent signal was found throughout the cytoplasm when a probe specific to a site in the nuclear small subunit rRNA is used.

DNA Primers↗
PubMed1999

[Leukopenia associated with butyrophenones. A successful treatment of psychoses with pulsed administration of neuroleptics].

In the monotherapeutic treatment of an acute schizophrenic psychoses with butyrophenones (haloperidol and benperidol) we saw immediate leucopenic reactions when the medication was given every day. In literature the risk of butyrophenone-induced blood dyscrasias seems to be underestimated. Therefore we decided to report this single case evaluation. When benperidol (short elimination--half life period) was given every other day ("interval-therapy") the blood cell count of the leucocytes normalized. Furthermore, the amount of psychopathological abnormalities measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale decreased under this intermittent treatment.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1999

An exceptional group-I intron-like insertion in the SSU rDNA of lichen mycobionts.

An exceptional group-I intron-like insertion at position 940 of the nuclear small subunit rDNA is found in lichen mycobionts of the families Parmeliaceae and Lecanoraceae. This shared insertion site is exceptional as it follows a G. Although several features of the self-splicing Tetrahymena intron are missing, the conserved structure of the presumed core region indicates that the new intron-like insertion, which is missing in mature transcripts, is not part of a silenced ribosomal repeat. It is unlikely that the new insertion is horizontally transferred from the adjacent position 943. A phylogenetic analysis indicates congruence with lichen phylogeny and suggests that the insertion has been vertically inherited.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1999

[Sleep deprivation and aging].

We investigated the impact of old age on the antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation. 32 depressive inpatients were assessed before and after sleep deprivation by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. The patients were divided into two groups according to their age. The result showed no negative impact of old age on the anti-depressant effect of sleep deprivation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Acute paranoid hallucinatory psychosis following mefloquine prophylaxis (Lariam)].

Mefloquine is a drug of choice for malaria prophylaxis in Africa because of the spread of chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum. On the other hand there are some reports about severe neuropsychiatric side effects associated with the intake of mefloquine medication. In our paper we present a case-report of a patient suffering for the first time from an acute paranoid psychosis induced by mefloquine prophylaxis.

Acute Disease↗