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Biomedical subjects

M H Friedlaender

Publications and source records attributed to M H Friedlaender.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Langerhans cell alterations in the guinea pig cornea.

Langerhans cells (LC) are found in virtually all epithelial surfaces, but are rare or absent in the central cornea. LC migration into the cornea can be induced by several different stimuli. The authors studied LC in guinea pig corneal epithelium after: (1) suture placement; (2) suture removal; (3) UV-A irradiation; and (4) UV-C irradiation. Corneal LC markedly increased after suture placement during a 35-day observation period, and decreased by one-half during a 21-day observation period when sutures were removed. Suture-induced corneal LC decreased after UV-A irradiation, but increased after UV-C irradiation. These results demonstrate that ocular LC can be altered by nonimmunologic perturbations of the cornea.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis.

Itching was cited as a major symptom of their ocular disease by 49 (80%) of the 61 patients with allergic conjunctivitis. Conjunctival scrapings from 51 patients (84%) demonstrated intact eosinophils or eosinophil granules. Eosinophil granules were a useful and recognizable cytologic feature of allergic conjunctivitis even in the absence of intact eosinophils. We believe that a history of itching and the presence of eosinophils or eosinophil granules in conjunctival scrapings are helpful in diagnosing allergic conjunctivitis.

Conjunctiva↗
PubMed1983

Histopathology of corneal neovascularization.

We have developed an experimental model for the quantitative examination of the kinetics of the inflammatory cell response to thermal corneal injury. Using this model, we found a considerable difference in the type of inflammatory cell response to vasculogenic (peripheral) and nonvasculogenic (central) thermal cautery of the cornea. We found that infiltration of the corneal stroma with polymorphonuclear leukocytes preceded the growth of blood vessels in this model. This quantitative model will be useful in future studies of the role of inflammatory cells in different models of corneal neovascularization, and may provide quantitative evidence of how known inhibitors of corneal neovascularization exert their effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A new morphologic manifestation of Langerhans cells in guinea pig corneal transplants.

Langerhans cells are virtually never seen in the normal undisturbed corneal epithelium. They may be stimulated to migrate into the corneal epithelium by a variety of chemical and mechanical stimulation, including penetrating keratoplasty. We have found a previously undescribed morphologic manifestation of the Langerhans cell in guinea pig eyes undergoing corneal transplantation. These cells are found around the graft, and in high concentration around sutures. They may be a motile form of the typical Langerhans cell or a specialized form which captures or distributes antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Contact sensitivity in the guinea pig eye.

Guinea pigs were sensitized systemically with the contact sensitizer oxazolone and challenged by topical application of the chemical to the eye and the skin. Inflammatory reactions of the conjunctiva, cornea and skin were uniformly elicited, but these were most intense clinically following intradermal sensitization with mycobacterial adjuvants. Mononuclear, neutrophilic and eosinophilic leukocytes infiltrated the ocular tissues and skin 24 hours after challenge. Basophils, which were prominent in the cutaneous reactions, were virtually absent from ocular tissues.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1980

Ocular microbial flora in immunodeficient patients.

The eyes of 20 patients with primary immunodeficiency syndromes were examined, and microbial cultures of their lids and conjunctivae were made. Nine patients had a history of recurrent external ocular infections, and six of these had active blepharitis or blepharoconjunctivitis at the time of examination. A single pathogenic bacterium was isolated from the lids and conjunctivae of six patients with a history of infection; a mixture of two possible pathogens was cultured from eyes of three other patients. Three of the nine patients with infections had impaired B-cell and intact T-cell immunity, whereas three patients had impaired B cell and T-cell immunity. Two patients had chronic granulomatous disease in which a defect in phagocytosis was the predominant immunologic abnormality, and one patient (with mucocutaneous candidiasis) had intact B- and T-cell function at the time of testing. Although the immunodeficient patients had a higher incidence of lid or conjunctival infection than 20 age-matched controls, the microbial flora of the lids and conjunctivae did not differ between the two groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effects of topically applied occular decongestant and antihistamine.

In two independent studies including 25 subjects each, naphazoline caused significant whitening (but did not prevent itching) in the histamine-induced red, itchy eye. Antazoline inhibited itching (but not redness) to a significant degree in the same model. The combination of naphazoline and antazoline produced significant whitening and inhibition of itching in all eyes challenged by histamine. The combination of the two drugs was more effective than either component alone in preventing redness. The antihistamine and combination of antihistamine/vasoconstrictor were equally effective in arresting itching.

Antazoline↗
PubMed1979

Corneal degenerations.

Corneal degenerations are among the most commonly observed clinical disorders in ophthalmology. They may be classified as (1) aging changes, (2) depositions, and (3) marginal degenerations. Aging changes are often incidental findings and do not usually interfere with vision. Depositions can occur secondary to previous ocular disease or trauma. Marginal degenerations are generally of unknown etiology, however, they may sometimes accompany a systemic disorder. The diseases in this latter group are usually the most difficult to treat and the most visually disabling.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Ocular findings in systemic cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity.

SCBH was induced by immunizing guinea pigs with a protein antigen and challenging 1 week later with a large intraperitoneal dose of the same antigen. Animals developed a delayed-onset, erythematous skin rash and dermal infiltration by basophils and eosinophils. The uveal tracts of these animals were infiltrated by eosinophils, as were several other internal organs. The eye is affected in SCBH, and as in other forms of ocular cell-mediated hypersensitivity, the eosinophil is a prominent cellular component of these reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The treatment of herpetic reinfection with levamisole.

The effect of levamisole on both clinical disease and virus recovery was studied in rabbits that were first infected with herpes simplex virus in one eye and then reinfected 14 days later by inoculation of the second eye. Reinfected rabbits treated with levamisole before reinfection developed significantly milder and smaller lesions than untreated controls. Virus recovery from the corneas was also less in the levamisole-treated animals than in the untreated controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Histopathology of delayed hypersensitivity reacitons in the guinea pig uveal tract.

Two distinct patterns of delayed-onset, cell-mediated hypersensitivity have been induced in the guinea pig eye with the same soluble protein antigen and two different methods of immunization. The predominant histologic feature of these reactions was the large number of eosinophils which infiltrated the uveal tract and the limbus. Skin test reactions in the same animals contained very few eosinophils and were typical of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity or classic delayed hypersensitivity of the tuberculin type. It is suggested that local factors play a role in determining the character of immune expression in different tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Bilateral central lipid infiltrates of the cornea.

A 55-year-old woman developed a skin rash and lipid deposition centrally in previously normal corneas. Despite a family history of coronary artery disease, no serum lipid abnormality was detected. Lipid droplets and granules were deposited throughout the corneal epithelium and stroma. Histochemical stains were positive only for phosopholipid and galactolipid. After a keratoplasty, deposition of similar lipid material recurred in the graft. An inflammatory process and increased corneosceleral limbal vascular permeability may have accounted for the unusual corneal findings in this patient.

Cerebrosides↗
PubMed1977

Morphology of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in the guinea pig cornea.

Guinea pigs sensitized with several soluble protein antigens in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) and tested at 5 to 7 days developed basophil-rich corneal reactions characterized by minimal edema and fibrin deposition. These lesions resembled the skin reactions of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) in their immunization requirements, time course, and character, but differed in that basophils were relatively less frequent and eosinophils and neutrophils more numerous in ocular than in cutaneous reactions developing simultaneously in the same animal. In contrast, animals immunized with antigens such as ovalbumin in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) developed much more severe delayed-type ocular reactions whether tested at early or late intervals after sensitization. These intensely injected, chemotic reactions exhibited an extensive cellular infiltrate of mononuclear cells as well as marked corneal edema accompanied by extensive fibrin deposition. Hence, these ocular reactions were similar to the classic indurated tuberculin-type delayed hypersensitivity (DH) skin reactions except that neutrophils were more numerous. These data indicate that in the eye as in the skin two distinct patterns of delayed-onset, cell-mediated hypersensitivity may occur to the same antigen, depending on the mode of immunization and the time of testing. However, significant differences were found in the frequency with which the various granulocytes infiltrated reactions elicited simultaneously in the eye and skin. Therefore, the character of immune expression may vary in different parts of the body and local factors, such as the local microvasculature, evidently contribute to these differences.

Animals↗