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Biomedical subjects

M Haider

Publications and source records attributed to M Haider.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Clostridium infection in the puerperium following cesarean section].

Clostridium perfringens infections in the puerperal period are rare. A 22-year old patient, after caesarean section at another hospital, was admitted to our clinic showing clinical signs of haemolysis, slight uraemia, a crepitation of tissue and sonographical signs of air bubble formation in the uterus. Since clostridium perfringens infections show a high mortality rate, early operative measures under high-dose Penicillin treatment are indicated. In this case, hysterectomy and salpingectomy were performed. Both ovaries were unaffected and could be conserved. In addition, a peritoneal lavage was done. Our patient was discharged as cured after a postoperative course without any complications. There is no evidence in the literature for the efficacy of either antitoxin treatment or a high oxygen therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Stabilization and prevention--a theoretical framework for environmental hygiene.

A theoretical framework for research about problems of environmental hygiene and the conception of strategies for their solution is described. In this context experiences with environmental impact assessments are analysed and proposals for improvements of such assessments are worked out. The strategies for protecting and shaping environments are categorised in 3 groups: defensive, constructive and evolutionary. Conceptual schemas for man-environment and socio-environment systems are presented. Evolutionary strategies for the development of these systems are formulated analogue to evolution strategies of ecosystem development. The effects of destabilization on health risks in man-environment systems are partially tested in a longitudinal study on effects of shiftwork. The possibilities of destabilization, restabilization and prevention of health risks in socio-environment systems are discussed.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1988

Changes in discrimination learning and brain activity (ERP's) due to combined exposure to NO and CO in rats.

Carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) are air pollutants frequently appearing in combination. Information available on the mechanisms of NO intoxication suggests that in mixtures with CO additive effects should be assumed. In this study CO and NO-induced changes and their interaction were investigated at different levels of integration: carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and methemoglobin (met-Hb) formation as well as centrally mediated effects were analyzed using evoked potential techniques and behavioral data from a complex discrimination learning experiment. Slight enhancements of COHb and met-Hb concentrations were seen for the combined CO + NO exposure conditions at low and high exposure levels when compared to isolated exposure conditions. The performance decrease was clearly higher under NO exposure than under CO exposure. Decrements were overadditive when simultaneous CO + NO exposure was used in higher concentration. Both gases affected early evoked potential components (P10, N30) in the same way: latencies were prolonged and amplitudes increased. Later potential components were differently influenced by CO and NO. Mainly the N150 amplitude was decreased in NO exposure and increased in CO conditions. N150 amplitude was also decreased after combined CO + NO exposure. At high levels this effect was overadditive indicating a dominant role of NO in the CO + NO combinations used in this experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Thoracic duct lymph and PEEP studies in anaesthetized dogs. I. Lymph formation and the effect of a thoracic duct fistula on lymph flow.

The effect of positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation (PEEP, 11-12 mmHg, 60-90 min without, 19 h with circulatory support) on fractional escape rate of plasma proteins (FER), and on thoracic duct lymph flow draining against jugular venous (LFJVP) or atmospheric pressure (LFAP) was studied in anaesthetized dogs. FER was 10.8%/h, 15.3%/h, and 8.5%/h before, during, and after PEEP, respectively, indicating augmented lymph formation probably due to the increase in venous pressure from 4.8 to 10.8 mmHg during PEEP. LFJVP was 39 microliter/min per kg before PEEP, decreased transiently during PEEP but the steady state value (up to 19 h) was not different from control, and increased transiently after PEEP. LFAP was 37, 80, and 38 microliter/min per kg before, during, and after PEEP, respectively. Long-term PEEP increased LFAP fourfold. Changing the drainage mode during PEEP yielded an immediate increase from LFJVP = 34 to LFAP = 79 microliter/min per kg and an instantaneous reduction from LFAP = 95 to LFJVP = 35 microliter/min per kg. Lymph protein concentration and protein lymph/plasma ratio increased concomitantly with LFAP during PEEP suggesting augmented hepatic contribution to LFAP, augmented intestinal contribution was revealed by labelling intestinal lymph using olive oil orally, muscular lymph flow was not increased as shown by i.m. Evans blue. In conclusion, the augmentation of venous pressure by PEEP promotes capillary filtration but obstructs lymph drainage from the thoracic duct into the jugular vein. PEEP imbalances formation and return of lymph and affects the development and removal of oedema.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Thoracic duct lymph and PEEP studies in anaesthetized dogs. II. Effect of a thoracic duct fistula on the development of a hyponcotic-hydrostatic pulmonary oedema.

PEEP impedes thoracic duct drainage (LF). This can be counteracted by a thoracic duct fistula. Consequently, lung oedema (LOE) should develop during PEEP more slowly with LF at atmospheric pressure (LFAP) than with LF against jugular venous pressure (LFJVP). In 12 anaesthetized dogs LOE was produced by Ringer's solution i.v. (2.5 ml/min per kg) for 6 h during PEEP (10 mmHg) with either LFAP or LFJVP. Ringer's + PEEP greatly increased aortic, pulmonary artery and wedge pressures, JVP, and cardiac output. Colloid osmotic pressures in plasma and lymph were drastically reduced, pulmonary effective filtration pressure (EFP) rose by about 20 mmHg. LFJVP increased 7-fold, LFAP about 19-fold, the respective loss of plasma proteins was 1.83 and 1.06 g/kg during 6 h. Thermal-dye extravascular lung water showed an increment of 68 with LFJVP versus 43 microliter/h/g per mmHg with LFAP. Final lung water content was at any delta EFP (12.8-31.9 mmHg) lower with LFAP than with LFJVP amounting 512 with LFJVP versus 377 microliters/g/per mmHg with LFAP. LFAP decreased the development of LOE during PEEP by bypassing the PEEP-induced high JVP and thus facilitating the removal of interstitial fluid. It is hypothesized that a thoracic duct fistula might aid the treatment of patients with LOE due to ARDS and therefore requiring high levels of PEEP.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Systemic angioendotheliomatosis of the lung.

Systemic angioendotheliomatosis is a very rare malignant disease characterized by intravascular neoplastic proliferation of reticuloendothelial cells. According to the clinical features three different types of prognostic value can be distinguished: Exclusive skin involvement; Progressive skin lesions disseminating to internal organs; Aggressive and lethal type affecting primarily internal organs. Until now about 60 cases of systemic angioendotheliomatosis have been reported in the literature. Here we describe the first well-documented case with almost isolated lung involvement. The presentation of morphologic and clinical signs and differential-diagnostic considerations are followed by a critical review of the literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Determination of plasma volume with indocyanine green].

In 31 anesthetized dogs, the distribution volume (Vd) of indocyanine green (ICG, Cardiogreen) was compared to that of Evans blue (EB), which is considered to represent plasma volume. Vd was computed from the injected amount of indicator and the indicator concentration in plasma at time zero, which was obtained by extrapolation of the monoexponential decay of the indicator concentration. The decay was assessed by eight plasma samples from 10-60 min and from 5-12 min after injection of EB and ICG, respectively. EB was measured in a spectrophotometer at 640 and 720 nm; ICG was measured in a spectrophotometer at 805 nm or in a cuvette densitometer with two light sources (LEDs) of 800 and 900 nm. The decay of EB had a half-life of about 330 min, corresponding to a disappearance rate of about 13%/h; the half life of ICG was about 8.0 min, equivalent to a fractional disappearance of about 9%/min. Vd (EB) was 55 +/- 11 (n = 31) ml.kg-1 (mean +/- SD), Vd (ICG) was 55 +/- 12 (n = 20) and 56 +/- 10 (n = 20) ml.kg-1 when ICG was measured in the densitometer or spectrophotometer, respectively. The ICG clearance was about 5 ml.min-1 per kilogram. The accuracy of the determination of plasma volume by ICG was tested in four experiments in two splenectomized dogs. Changes in plasma volume by volume load, enforced diuresis, hemorrhage, and reinfusion were determined by ICG and compared to the theoretical changes calculated from the hematocrit and removed volumes. The mean difference between measured and calculated values was 1.3 +/- 3.4% (n = 14).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Auditory adaptation and auditory fatigue].

Twenty subjects without otological disease were examined for auditory thresholds by Békésy audiometry and by the Feldmann Test (Adaptogramm), before and after noise exposure to one ear of 90 db SPL at 3 kHz for 15 minutes. The exposed ear was also tested for hearing fatigue (TTS). There was no significant correlation between Békésy audiometry and Feldmann test curves or between these adaptation tests and the hearing fatigue test (TTS) after noise exposure. Our results suggest that these methods of measuring adaptation do not correspond, and that adaptation measurements, prior to noise exposure, have no predictive value for hearing fatigue test results following noise exposure. After noise exposure changes were found in the non-exposed ear which were manifested as variability of the Békésy audiometry curves and flattened Feldmann curves. We thought that these results might indicate a central adaptation following noise exposure. There was interference of this so called "central adaptation" with peripheral fatigue in the exposed ear.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1985

[Health risks due to long-term stress--night work as an example].

Multiple matched cases of shiftworkers, dayworkers and drop-outs, (N = 301) were split into four groups corresponding in age and years at work. Data concerning different parameters of health and wellbeing were collected by means of medical case histories, check-ups, questionnaires and interviews. Time contingent effects of health deterioriation were analysed. In terms of an overall score ("Health Score") in shiftworkers health was found to decrease with age markedly; the difference to dayworkers got significant from the 12th year of work exposure onwards. This finding can be ascribed to a high rate of sleep disturbances and a pronounced reduction of wellbeing (already present in younger workers) as well as to a significant increase in morbidity concerning gastrointestinal and cardiovascular ailments. Corresponding rates of doctor's consultations and drug intake increased with age and work exposure. Subjective ratings of work conditions suggest marked mental and emotional stress components. In dayworkers a destabilization of health was found which was marked for the middle age; the health score, however, was still significantly better than that of shiftworkers in all age classes. There was evidence of an excess rate for respiratory illnesses. In drop-outs less adverse conditions of health and wellbeing than in shiftworkers were found. But health was more deteriorated than in dayworkers. Having dropped out of shiftwork means an improvement of gastrointestinal and nervous symptoms; the cardiovascular disorders, however, remain high.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1984

Assessment of protein-calorie malnutrition.

We critically review the various methods for assessing protein--calorie malnutrition. These tests are lacking in sensitivity and specificity, and currently no single one can be used as a reliable indicator of malnutrition. However, a combination of several of them can be used as prognostic indicators and are of help in selecting patients who may benefit from nutritional support. Body-composition analyses and functional tests hold the promise of greater applicability in the future. Newer and more nearly accurate tests for use in diagnosis of protein-calorie malnutrition as well as for objectively monitoring short-term changes in response to nutritional repletion are badly needed. Despite a lack of consensus on the desirability of objective nutritional assessment, we expect the use of these procedures in hospitals to increase.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Health disorders caused by noise].

This review describes first the physical and technical basis of sound measurement and noise evaluation. Then the effects of noise on hearing are demonstrated by our experimental data on TTS and data on noise induced hearing loss. Extraaural noise effects on the cardiovascular system, blood-pressure and on sleep are reported. Moreover some long-lasting effects on health with respect to neuro-humoral regulations, gastrointestinal disturbances and psychosomatic symptoms are described. With respect to annoyance the questions of habituation, subjective attitudes and controllability of noise are important. In this area of multifactorial disturbing influences objectivation and quantification seem especially difficult.

Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced↗
PubMed1983

[Acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: prevention of complications through intensive care].

During acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage patients with coexistent multimorbidity are at excessive risk. It seems to be reasonable to identify predominant cardiopulmonary risk factors and those risks induced by recurrent bleeding. Invasive haemodynamic monitoring and application of a pulmonary risk score could reduce the overall mortality in patients at higher risk. Intensive care management should preserve timing of elective surgical intervention in selected patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of various furniture covering fabrics on heat regulation and comfort].

The effects of three different materials for furniture fabrics (wool, polyacrylonitrile and Skai) on thermophysiological parameters and comfort were studied. In a laboratory design male, middle aged subjects were tested three times for three hours in a climate chamber, being exposed to internal and external thermal strains as well as to stress inducing situations. The outcome of this research suggests an essential influence of the structure of the tested materials but only small influences by the kind of fibres. The test situation "Skai" induced markedly different effects on skin temperature, skin moisture level and self rated thermal comfort as compared to both textile materials: A high sweat secretion followed by a continuously increasing moisture accumulation could be observed, especially for areas of the body surface which were tight contact with the material. Simultaneously a distinct skin temperature decrease at the back was found, which can be interpreted as a consequence of a high heat conduction due to the material itself as well as by sweat vaporization when the back was lifted from the backrest. The differences between the natural fibre- and synthetic fibre materials were generally small and occurred merely under heat stress conditions, where a pronounced reactivity of skin temperatures, skin moisture and heart rate could be observed testing the synthetic textile material. Being asked about thermal comfort, the subjects attributed their ratings to uncomfortable room climate conditions rather than to properties of the materials on which they were seated.

Adult↗