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Biomedical subjects

M Hamilton

Publications and source records attributed to M Hamilton.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Psychometric scales for dementia.

The special requirements of scales for detecting and measuring dementia in its various aspects are described. Some available scales are evaluated accordingly.

Dementia↗
PubMed1985

Biologic and morphologic development of donated human ova recovered by nonsurgical uterine lavage.

Using uterine lavage performed 5 days after the luteinizing hormone peak, we collected 25 uterine ova from five fertile donors who had had a single, periovular artificial insemination. After examination, all recovered ova were transferred to recipient uteri and resulted in three intrauterine and one tubal pregnancy. Morphologic development ranged from degenerating single-cell ova to mature blastocysts. Ages of the ova at recovery ranged from 93.5 to 130.0 hours postovulation. Mean age of the five blastocysts, 109.1 hours, was not significantly different from the mean age of the 20 less mature ova, 108.1 hours. Neither the mean interval from insemination to recovery for blastocysts nor the mean interval from insemination to ovulation for blastocysts was significantly different from the mean intervals of the other ova. The five blastocysts resulted in intrauterine pregnancies in three recipients. There were no intrauterine pregnancies from the other 20 transfers (p less than 0.004). A transferred 12-cell ovum with degenerating blastomeres was associated with tubal pregnancy in the recipient. The large variability in the state of intrauterine ova observed in the relatively fixed postovulatory interval of this study appears to be due to differences in viability and maturation, not differences in ovum age. Maturational state of the ova at the time of transfer appears to be a significant determinant of the likelihood of ensuring pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Differential effects of pimozide on response-rate and choice accuracy in a self-stimulation paradigm in mice.

Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) from the dopamine (DA) A9 cell grouping was evaluated in mice following pimozide administration in both a one hole head dipping task and a two hole discrimination paradigm. While pimozide reliably decreased response rates, choice accuracy in the discrimination paradigm was unaffected by the drug treatment. The data were taken to suggest that neuroleptics influence response rate owing to motoric disturbances, without influencing the effectiveness of cues that previously had been associated with primary reinforcement.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The acute effects of acrivastine (BW825C), a new antihistamine, compared with triprolidine on measures of central nervous system performance and subjective effects.

The new H1-antagonist acrivastine (BW825C) in doses of 4, 8, and 16 mg was compared with triprolidine HCl (2.5 and 5 mg) in a double-blind crossover study in 12 subjects. Adaptive tracking performance 1.5 hours after dosing was impaired by triprolidine, 2.5 and 5 mg; the impairment was still detectable 3.5 hours after 5 mg. Acrivastine did not impair adaptive tracking after any of the doses. Triprolidine increased reaction times after 1.5 hours (2.5 and 5 mg) and 3 hours (5 mg), but acrivastine did not have any effect on reaction time at any dose. Both doses of triprolidine caused subjective central nervous system effects after 1.5 hours, and triprolidine, 5 mg, still had some detectable effects on subjective rating scales after 3 hours. No subjective effects were noted after acrivastine. We conclude that acrivastine at doses causing more peripheral H1-antagonism than triprolidine has considerably reduced central nervous system activity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Subjective costs of antihypertensive treatment.

A method for surveying side-effects in the hypertension clinic of a district general hospital is described. A high frequency of complaints was confirmed. Impairment of sexual activity in the sexually active was reported by 23 (48%) men and 10 (23%) women. A previous lack of data from women on this subject may have led to the unsafe conclusion that drugs which can cause impotence in men are necessarily more suitable for women. The survey method is capable of identifying susceptible patients who may then be asked to co-operate in further research.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1984

The cholecystokinin analogue, caerulein, does not modulate dopamine release or dopamine-induced locomotor activity in the nucleus accumbens of rat.

We have investigated the effect of the cholecystokinin (CCK) analogue, caerulein, in the nucleus accumbens on dopamine (DA) release and locomotor activity. Caerulein (10(-9)-10(-4) M) did not affect the resting or K+-evoked release of [14C]DA, although concentrations within this range have been shown to modulate transmitter release in cerebral cortex. When injected bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens, caerulein (30 ng-1 microgram) did not affect spontaneous locomotor activity as compared to vehicle-injected controls. Similarly, bilateral injections of caerulein (1 microgram) into the nucleus accumbens did not modulate locomotor hyperactivity induced by bilateral injections of DA (20 microgram) into the nucleus accumbens. It is concluded that CCK in the nucleus accumbens has no direct effect on dopamine release or dopamine-stimulated locomotor activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The detection and analysis of chitinase activity from the yeast form of Candida albicans.

Chitinase activity was detected in the supernatant fraction of a high-speed centrifugation preparation of broken Candida albicans yeast cells. The enzyme showed peak activity during the rapid budding phase of growth and was found to parallel the chitin synthase activity. The optimum conditions for the hydrolysis of chitin, regenerated from acetylation of chitosan, were determined. Analysis of the kinetics of the enzyme-substrate interaction and a measurement of their binding suggests that an equilibrium binding situation exists and that the kinetics follow a Langmuir isotherm interaction.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1983

On informed consent.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1983

Psychopharmacology of bupropion in normal volunteers.

In each of four studies of the human pharmacology of bupropion, 12 healthy volunteers received 6 different treatments, including placebo, at weekly intervals under double-blind conditions. In one study, auditory vigilance and tapping rates improved after d-amphetamine, 5 and 10 mg; were impaired by amitriptyline, 25 mg; but were unaffected by bupropion, 50 and 100 mg. Subjects were drowsy after amitriptyline and more alert and sociable after d-amphetamine; no such changes occurred with bupropion. No changes in pupil size, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure were seen with bupropion. In a second study bupropion, 200 mg, and nomifensine, 100 mg, produced no significant behavioral or autonomic effects. EEG changes occurred after amitriptyline and d-amphetamine but not bupropion. Thus, bupropion at these doses lacked stimulant, anticholinergic, and cardiovascular effects. Bupropion's interactions with diazepam and with alcohol were examined in separate studies. Diazepam, 5 and 2.5 mg, produced drowsiness and impaired auditory vigilance. Bupropion, 100 mg, produced no effect alone but, combined with diazepam, abolished the vigilance impairment and drowsiness seen with diazepam, 2.5 and 5 mg, alone. A similar but less clear-cut pattern was seen with alcohol. Bupropion, 100 mg, had no effect alone but abolished the sedation and auditory vigilance impairment produced by alcohol when co-administered. Interactions between bupropion and the depressant drugs are unlikely to produce clinical problems.

Amitriptyline↗