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Biomedical subjects

M Haynes

Publications and source records attributed to M Haynes.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Is assessment of popliteal artery diameter in patients undergoing screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms a worthwhile procedure.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess whether screening of popliteal arteries in patients undergoing ultrasound screening of their abdominal aortas was worthwhile. METHODS: All male patients undergoing ultrasound screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) during the period February 2000 to June 2002 were offered scanning of their popliteal arteries. All scans were performed by a single, trained operator using a Sonosite 180. RESULTS: Four hundred and forty-nine patients underwent screening and thus 898 popliteal arteries were assessed. The mean aortic diameter was 2.1 standard deviations (SD) 0.5 cm and the upper limit of normal (2 SD) was 2.7 cm. The mean diameter of the popliteal arteries was 0.74 SD 0.11 and the upper limit of normal was 0.96 cm. Thirty patients had aortic diameters greater than 2.5 cm (ectatic or aneurysmal aortas) but based on a popliteal diameter of 2 cm, no popliteal aneurysms were detected. However, 39 (4.3%) popliteal arteries measured > or = 1 cm (> mean+2 SD); 3/60 (5%) in the ectatic/AAA subgroup and 36/838 (4.3%) in the non-AAA subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that, using conventional definitions, the imaging of popliteal arteries during screening for AAAs does not detect any popliteal aneurysms and is thus of limited value. However, if a definition of popliteal aneurysm of > or = 1 cm (based on mean+2 SD) is used then 39/898 (4.3%) of arteries would be regarded as having abnormal diameters and may require surveillance.

Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal↗
PubMed2001

Color duplex sonographic findings in human vertebral arteries during cervical rotation.

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to determine whether vertebral artery blood flow velocity changes during contralateral cervical rotation, to determine the extent of rotation necessary to affect the velocity, and to find direct evidence of stretching or compression of the vertebral arteries during cervical rotation. METHODS: Color duplex sonography was used to measure the blood flow velocities and diameters of the vertebral arteries in 20 patients. Measurements were taken with the patients' heads in the neutral position and at 10 degrees increments of contralateral neck rotation (determined using a cervical range of motion goniometer) to the end-range. RESULTS: The data showed no significant change in the mean blood flow velocity for the entire study population during cervical rotation. However, there were marked changes in the blood flow velocities in 7 vertebral arteries toward the end-range of rotation. No arteries displayed any evidence of major stretching of the arterial walls, although localized compression of 2 arteries was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that vertebral arteries are usually unaffected by contralateral cervical rotation and that Doppler sonography may provide an indirect assessment of mechanical stresses to the arterial wall.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Prevalence and risk factors for multidrug resistant uropathogens in ED patients.

The purpose of this study was to describe resistance patterns of infecting organisms and determine risk factors for multidrug resistance in patients with urinary tract infections. Retrospective case series of 435 patients age > or =16 with urinary tract infection. Multidrug resistance was defined as resistance to > or = two classes of antibiotics. Demographic, historical, and microbiological data were collected. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine risk factors for multidrug resistance. Multidrug resistance was seen in 37% of isolates. Univariate analysis revealed numerous associations with resistance. Multivariate analysis found three independent factors associated with multidrug resistance: urinary catheter use (odds ratio [OR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4 to 4.8), age > or = 65 years (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.7 to 5.4) and antibiotic use (OR 4.6, 95% CI 2.8 to 7.5). Diabetes was also a risk factor when patients with urinary catheters were excluded (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.3). Resistance was seen in all groups of patients, but was particularly common in older patients and those who used a urinary catheter. Antibiotic use was highly associated with multidrug resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Prevalence of dyslexia among Texas prison inmates.

Approximately 80% of prison inmates are reported to be functionally illiterate. We hypothesized that poor single word decoding (the chief feature of dyslexia) accounts for a significant percentage of that rate. We studied 253 subjects selected randomly from more than 130,000 Texas prison inmates. Among them, we conducted a cross-sectional sample survey of recently admitted Texas inmates, beginning with social and educational background and followed by an educational test battery that included measures of word attack skill and reading comprehension. Deficient performance was defined primarily as single word decoding performance that measured below the 25th percentile on the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test. We found that 47.8% of the inmates were deficient in word attack skills. Word attack skills were detected in each group defined by gender and ethnicity. Nearly two thirds of the subjects scored poorly in reading comprehension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Examining day-case and inpatient psoriasis care.

Dermatology is becoming more outpatient based. Dermatology day treatment units can avoid the need for patients to be admitted to hospital. Inpatient and day care provide comparable positive outcomes for patients with psoriasis. Day-care patients valued the increased convenience of their psoriasis treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Developing a care system for dermatology patients.

Routes of care outline the sequence of events required to provide a particular aspect of care. The system improves interprofessional communication and patient involvement and allows the process of care to be audited.

Bandages↗
PubMed1998

Warmed versus room temperature saline solution for ocular irrigation: a randomized clinical trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that ocular irrigation with warm saline solution is more comfortable than irrigation with room temperature saline solution in normal volunteers. METHODS: The study was a randomized, single-blind crossover trial, in which each subject received 30 mL warmed and 30 mL room temperature saline solution in opposite eyes. The solutions (warmed versus room temperature) and the order of irrigation (right eye versus left) were separately randomized. Physicians were blinded to solution temperature. Subjects rated the discomfort of irrigation on separate visual analog scales (VAS). The study had 80% power to detect at least a 12-mm difference in VAS readings. RESULTS: Thirty-five volunteers were enrolled in the study. There was no gender effect or order effect for the 2 solutions. The mean VAS score for warmed saline solution was 15 mm+/-15 mm (SD). The mean VAS score for room temperature saline was 34 mm+/-24 mm (SD), (95% confidence interval for difference of 19 mm [10 mm to 28 mm], P <.0001, Wilcoxon signed rank test). CONCLUSION: Warmed saline solution was both clinically and statistically more comfortable than room temperature saline solution as an ocular irrigant among normal volunteers.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Preflight versus en route success and complications of rapid sequence intubation in an air medical service.

BACKGROUND: Maintenance of an airway in the air medically transported patient is of paramount importance. The purpose of this study is to compare preflight versus en route rapid sequence intubation (RSI)-assisted intubations and to determine the value of air medical use of RSI. METHODS: This study is a 31-month retrospective review of all patients intubated and transported by a large city air medical service. Subgroup analysis was based on whether patients were transported from a hospital or a scene and whether they were intubated preflight or en route. Information on age, Glasgow Coma Scale score, type of scene, ground time, and previous attempts at intubation was recorded. Complications included failures, multiple attempts at intubation, arrhythmias, and need for repeated paralytic agents. Comparisons were made using a confidence interval analysis. An alpha of 0.05 was considered significant; Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-five patients were intubated and transported by Lifeflight during the study period. Two hundred eighty-eight patients were intubated using RSI (89%). The success rate was 97%. Preflight intubations were performed on 100 hospital calls and 86 scene calls. En route intubations were performed on 40 hospital cases and 62 scene calls. Patients who underwent preflight intubations were significantly younger than those who underwent en route intubations for both the hospital group (34 +/- 11 vs. 44 +/- 24 years, p < 0.05) and the scene group (27 +/- 13 vs. 32 +/- 16 years,p < 0.05). Otherwise, the demographic characteristics of the four groups were similar. Trauma accounted for 60 to 70% of hospital transfers and almost 95 to 100% of scene calls. Compared with preflight intubations, there was a significant decrease in ground time for hospital patients who were intubated en route (26 +/- 10 vs. 34 +/- 11 minutes, p < 0.05) and for scene patients who were intubated en route (11 +/- 8 vs. 18 +/- 9 minutes, p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups for number of failures (9 of 288), arrhythmias (18 of 288), or necessity for repeated paralysis (8 of 288). Multiple intubation attempts were performed in more scene preflight patients (30 of 86, 35%) than scene en route patients (16 of 62, 26%), but this did not reach statistical significance. Even for patients having previous attempts at intubation, the success rate using RSI was 93% (62 of 67). CONCLUSION: Air medical intubations, both preflight and en route, for both scene calls and interhospital transports, can be done with a very high success rate. Rapid sequence intubation may improve the success rate. For scene calls, there was a significant decrease in ground time, and there was a trend toward fewer multiple intubation attempts when the patient was intubated en route instead of preflight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A military application of a medical self-care program.

The cost of health care is a growing concern to the military. Many military clinic appointments and emergency department visits are unnecessary; they are for minor, self-limiting illnesses and injuries that could be treated at home. Military health care can no longer afford the luxury of treating minor illnesses and injuries in the hospital setting. This paper examines one method for military beneficiaries to obtain health care services appropriately. A selected group of military family members received a medical self-care book and an education session, which resulted in more appropriate decision-making about when to use the health care system. This was a 6-month, experimental study using control and experimental groups, with surveys before and after the study period. The self-care book was used 628 times to help make more informed decisions about when to seek medical care. The mean number of clinic and emergency room visits (p = 0.02) decreased for those using the medical self-care book.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A randomized prospective trial of hyperbaric oxygen in a referral burn center population.

Various studies of the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in a wide variety of disease entities have been carried out. In the treatment of burns, animal and human studies have yielded somewhat contradictory results. Controlled studies in humans are limited. A randomized study on the effect of HBO was conducted involving 125 burn patients admitted within 24 hours of injury who were matched by age, burn size, and presence or absence of inhalation injury. Patients in the treatment arm received oxygen at two atmospheres of pressure for 90 minutes twice a day for a minimum of 10 treatments and a maximum of one treatment per total body surface per cent burn. The control group was treated in a similar fashion, except for the absence of HBO. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for the outcome measures of mortality, number of operations, and length of stay for the survivors. In this large clinical trial, we were unable to demonstrate any significant benefit to burn patients from the use of HBO.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

CUS1, a suppressor of cold-sensitive U2 snRNA mutations, is a novel yeast splicing factor homologous to human SAP 145.

The function of U2 snRNA in splicing is mediated by the proteins of the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. To identify proteins that influence the function of U2 snRNA we carried out a screen for mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that suppress the cold-sensitive growth defect of a mutation in U2 stem loop IIa, a structure important for the stable association of the U2 snRNP with pre-mRNA. The screen identified three dominant suppressor genes, one of which, CUS1-54, encodes an essential splicing protein required for U2 snRNP addition to the spliceosome. The suppressor protein rescues the spliceosome assembly defect of the mutant U2 in vitro, indicating that suppression is direct. Allele specificity tests show that the suppressor does not simply bypass the requirement for U2 stem loop IIa. Extra copies of wild-type CUS1, but not CUS1-54, suppress the temperature-sensitive prp11 and prp5 mutations, linking CUS1 protein to a subset of other factors required at the same step of spliceosome assembly. CUS1 is homologous to SAP 145, a component of the mammalian U2 snRNP that interacts with pre-mRNA. The yeast genome also encodes a homolog of human SAP 49, a protein that interacts strongly with both SAP 145 and pre-mRNA, underscoring the conservation of U2 snRNP proteins that function in spliceosome assembly.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Pharmacist involvement in a chemical-dependency rehabilitation program.

Pharmacist involvement in a small hospital for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with chemical dependency is described. The pharmacist's primary responsibilities include provision of pharmaceutical services to meet the medical needs of patients during detoxification; development of detoxification protocols for management of withdrawal from drugs of abuse; education of patients and their families, other clinical staff members, and pharmacy students about the pathophysiology of addiction, treatment options, and the foundations of recovery; medication and addiction counseling; and multidisciplinary team support of recovery. To successfully fulfill this complex role, the pharmacist must have specialized education on alcoholism and addiction, develop good communications skills, and learn the dynamics of recovery support groups. The pharmacist employed at this hospital spends about 70% of her time with pharmaceutical services and 30% with counseling services. A pharmacist working in a chemical-dependency rehabilitation program has a unique opportunity to affect positively the physical and emotional health of the recovering individual by taking on responsibilities beyond those traditionally associated with pharmacy practice.

Education, Pharmacy↗
PubMed1985

Cyclosporin partitions into phospholipid vesicles and disrupts membrane architecture.

Cyclosporin is a fungal metabolite demonstrating potent immunosuppressive activity both in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanism of action is poorly understood. Using [3H]dihydrocyclosporin C ([3H]CsC) we observed significant binding by mononuclear cells, erythrocytes and phosphatidyl choline (PC) vesicles which was reversible by the addition of excess CsA. Trypsin, pronase or heat treatments demonstrated that B cells and adherent cells express a protease-sensitive membrane binding site not observed on T cells. The nature of the interaction between CsA and the PC vesicles was studied using the membrane surface probe 1-anilino-8-naphthyl sulfonic acid (ANS-). ANS- -induced fluorescence was reduced by 24% in the presence of 4.75 X 10(-7). M CsA indicating that CsA displaces ANS- from the PC vesicles. CsA also effected a shift in the phase transition temperature of PC vesicles from 23 degrees C to 19 degrees C. Finally, the rate of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced cap formation by T lymphocytes was approximately doubled in the presence of 2.6 X 10(-5) M CsA. These data demonstrate that CsA partitions into phospholipid vesicle membranes and the plasmalemma of mononuclear cells resulting in an increased membrane fluidity.

Concanavalin A↗
PubMed1984

Improved culture conditions for clonogenic growth of primary human breast tumours.

Four established human breast tumour cell lines with different biologic properties were selected for study and requirements for their clonogenic growth in semisolid cultures were identified. The conventional conditions were modified by factors that enhanced colony formation of 3 or more of these cell lines. The modified culture conditions were then applied to the growth in agar of primary breast tumours. A 5-fold improvement in plating efficiency was observed when cultures of 105 primary tumours grown under these modified conditions were compared to those of 52 tumours grown earlier under conventional conditions, and a 4-fold improvement resulted from the addition of hormones and conditioned medidum in 26 tumours cultured simultaneously under both conditions. The biologic relevance of these clonogens recovered in vitro was substantiated by a 70% concordance of in vitro and in vivo tumour sensitivity to anticancer drugs.

Agar↗
PubMed1984

Cholesterol sulfotransferase of newborn mouse epidermis.

Recent studies of the epidermis in patients with recessive X-linked ichthyosis indicate that cholesterol sulfate is an important endogenous substrate for steroid sulfatase in the stratum corneum. We report here that cholesterol sulfotransferase, which converts cholesterol to cholesterol sulfate, is present in the lower living epidermis. Epidermal cytosol also sulfates phenols and some steroids, and such reactions may be important in defending against compounds absorbed percutaneously and in modulating the pharmacologic activity of topical medicaments. Sodium salicylate and sodium citrate inhibit the sulfotransferase activity noncompetitively, and inhibition of cholesterol sulfate formation may be important in the desquamative action of these topical "keratolytics."

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Characterization and partial purification of a haemopoietic cell growth factor in WEHI-3 cell conditioned medium.

A myelomonocytic leukaemia cell line, WEHI-3, releases into its growth medium factors which stimulate the development of pluripotential cells, granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells, megakaryocytic and erythroid progenitor cells. Also present is a factor which is essential for the continued proliferation in vitro of a variety of haemopoietic precursor cell lines of a granulocytic nature (FDC-P cells). Characterization of this growth factor has demonstrated that it is a glycoprotein of apparent Mr 25 800, in which the carbohydrate component appears to be important for activity. After several purification steps, there is an increase in specific activity of approx. 4000-fold over the starting material. At each stage of purification, the factor necessary for the proliferation of FDC-P cells 'co-purifies' with activity which stimulates the proliferation and development of normal multipotential haemopoietic cells as well as megakaryocytic, erythroid and granulocytic committed progenitor cells. This 'co-purification' occurs to the extent that the multilineage stimulating factor and the FDC-P growth factor can be eluted from the same region of sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels. Thus, evidence so far, using different starting methods and purification regimes, suggests that one molecule may have multiple activities on diverse cell types.

Animals↗