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Biomedical subjects

M Horváth

Publications and source records attributed to M Horváth.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Re-emergence of GAP-43 in cochlear nucleus and superior olive following cochlear ablation in the rat.

The effect of cochlear lesion on the expression of the growth associated protein GAP-43 in superior olive and cochlear nucleus was studied in the rat. In normal development of these auditory brainstem nuclei, GAP-43 immunoreactivity is high perinatally but low 10 days postnatally or thereafter. Removal of one spiral ganglion in grown-up animals caused a substantial re-emergence of GAP-43 immunoreactivity in varicose fibers of the ipsilateral ventral cochlear nucleus and cell bodies of the lateral superior olive. These findings suggest that a reactive synaptogenesis takes place in the cochlear nucleus as a consequence of deafening through spiral ganglion loss.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Pathological characteristics of surgically removed craniopharyngiomas: analysis of 131 cases.

Pathological specimens of 131 surgically removed craniopharyngiomas were obtained from the registry of the National Institute of Neurosurgery, Budapest between 1977 and 1991. The cases were reviewed statistically with reference to their gross and microscopic features and clinical characteristics. Macroscopically, 34% of the tumours were cystic, 23% solid and 43% mixed. Histologically, 38% of the cases belonged to the adamantinous group, 26% were squamous epithelial type, 15% were combined, that is expressing the characteristics of both. In 21% of the cases the surgically removed samples did not contain enough material for correct histopathologic classification. There was no recurrence in the group with the squamous epithelial type tumours, while 59% of the adamantinous, and 36% of the combined craniopharyngiomas recurred. The 5-year survival proportion was 73% at the squamous epithelial, 60% in the adamantinous, and 55% at the combined histological types.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Noninvasive imaging of the proximal coronary arteries by transesophageal echocardiography].

Authors give an account of their experiences about the visualization of the proximal coronary arteries on the basis of the transesophageal echocardiographic examination of 45 patients. According to their observations the left main coronary artery, the bifurcation, the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex coronary artery were well visualized in 40 patients. With the help of pulsed Doppler-echocardiography the Doppler flow velocity spectrum of the coronary flow can be detected, which could be analysed in 25 patients. At the same time the visualization of the right coronary artery is less sensitive, valuable images could be detected only in 12 patients. The technique of the TEE visualization of the proximal coronary arteries is described. TEE seems to be a promising approach to the morphologic evaluation of the proximal coronary arteries and for functional pathophysiologic examinations of coronary blood-flow.

Coronary Circulation↗
PubMed1992

Neuropeptides in the human superior cervical ganglion.

Superior cervical ganglia from 7 human cadavers (3-7 h post mortem) were immunostained for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and 14 different neuropeptides. The results show that ganglionic cells contain TH, DBH, neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). These substances were present predominantly within large ganglionic cells. Inside the ganglion, the number and topographical distribution of various types of immunoreactive cells differed from one another. NPY and CGRP immunoreactivities were found in some TH-positive cells, but that co-localization never exceeded the 30% of the TH cells. Leu-enkephalin showed a weak immunoreactivity, which was restricted to fibers or varicosities. Neuropeptides like substance P, dynorphin A and B, cholecystokinin, galanin, corticotropin-releasing factor, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, angiotensin II and neurotensin showed no immunoreactivity in the human superior cervical ganglion.

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide↗
PubMed1992

[Relationship between congenital heart disease and various factors affecting pregnancy].

In a prospective epidemiological study data of 24,732 pregnancies were analysed by computer programmes for the incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) and its relationship to various factors affecting pregnancy (age and weight of mother, smoking, alcohol-, and coffee-consumption, usage of oral contraception). Frequency of CHD was 0.9%. Data showed that CHD could be associated with alcohol consumption, smoking, maternal age. Other factors like coffee consumption or taking oral contraceptive tablets did not influence the frequency of CHD. Authors conclude that in the prevention of CHD, reduction or even omission of both alcohol consumption and smoking are highly justified.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1992

Integration of behavioral and neurophysiological approaches in neurotoxicology.

The validity of behavioral and neurophysiological models can only be assessed with respect to the type of the modelled effect: for acute changes in activation level as well as for chronic motor or sensory deficits both approaches are equally prone to misinterpretation. Validation of behavioral criteria supported by neurophysiological correlates and vice versa is the best protection. In the cognitive and emotional sphere, a shift to testing of the readiness ("fluidity") dimension seems to be promising both in human and animal studies, permitting also more reliable extrapolations and efficient cooperation of behavioral and neurophysiological approaches.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The effect of azathioprine, cyclosporine A and insulin on the in vitro lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in type I diabetic patients.

Previously both specific and nonspecific immune reactions have been reported in patients with type I diabetes mellitus. In this study the effect of various immunosuppressive drugs and insulin was studied on in vitro lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in 20 type I diabetic patients. Twenty sex- and age-matched healthy subjects served as controls. Human pancreas-extract (300 micrograms/ml protein)-coated, 51-Chromium labeled chicken erythrocytes were used as target cells and separated T-lymphocytes as effector cells with and without azathioprine 50 micrograms/50 microliters (Wellcome), Cyclosporine A 5 ng/50 microliters (Sandoz) and MC Actrapid insulin 0.1 IU/50 microliters (Novo). The degree of cytotoxicity was expressed with cytotoxic capacity: the number of maximal killed target cells. Simultaneously islet cell antibodies (ICA) in sera and the number of activated T-lymphocytes were assessed. Significant lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity was observed in the majority of type I diabetic patients (18/20), while no cytotoxicity was found in the control cases. The cytotoxicity decreased in all 16 patients using azathioprine or insulin, independently of ICA and HLA-DR positivity. The number of killed target cells was lowered considerably by Cyclosporine A in all 18 patients having cytotoxicity against pancreas-extract. Our observations reveal that Cyclosporine A proved to be the most effective immunosuppressive agent in vitro. It decreases not only the leucocyte migration inhibition as previously observed, but also the lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, which represents the late stage of cellular immune reactions against pancreatic tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Fibrinopeptide-A as thrombotic risk marker in diabetic and atherosclerotic coronary vasculopathy.

Fibrinopeptide A was determined in 75 middle aged male patients, five control subjects and a control group of young medical students, divided into nine subsets. The FPA levels were significantly elevated in the patient group, particularly among the diabetics, when compared with the medical students and also age matched controls. Diabetic patients who smoked and had vascular pathology had high FPA levels even after they stopped smoking.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1991

Spontaneous spinal epidural haematomas.

The spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma (SSEH) is a rarity, but the severe and permanent motor disability underlines its importance. From 1957 seven cases of SSEH have been diagnosed and operated on in the National Institute of Neurosurgery, Budapest. These cases are analysed and discussed. The clinical picture began with local pain of the spine and radicular signs but some hours or days later paraparesis or paraplegia and incontinence developed. In the discussed cases the neurological deficit progressed to complete para- or tetraplegia in 5 cases. Only 2 patients had partial spinal transverse lesions on admission. All patients underwent myelography to detect the spinal space occupying lesion and were operated on soon. Three patients recovered completely, 2 remained partly and 2 totally paralysed. The outcome depended mainly on the timing of neurological deficiency. If the neurological signs existed less than 8 hours the patients recovered completely or fairly well while the prognosis was poor if the transverse lesion persisted longer than 24 hours. The authors stress the importance of correct and fast decisions at the first medical examination for the outcome of this disease, because only immediate transfer to a neurosurgical department gives a chance of good recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The effect of some drugs on in vitro cellular immune reactions and on circulating immune complexes in patients with myocardial infarction.

The immunomodulatory effect of the lipid-reducing etofibrate, the calcium antagonist nifedipine and the immunosuppressive cyclosporine A was studied on in vitro cellular immune response in the presence of human aortic extract and of human LDL in 56 patients with acute myocardial infarction. 50 sex- and age-matched healthy persons were used as controls. Leukocyte migration test, level of C1q and of immune complexes and serum lipid parameters were measured. Leukocyte migration inhibition was observed against aorta in 68%, against LDL in only 23% of patients, which were significantly reduced by etofibrate and nifedipine and a similar, but not significant tendency was found using cyclosporine A against aorta. Leukocyte migration stimulation was observed in 9.0% and in 27% of patients against aorta and LDL, respectively. They were also considerably decreased by etofibrate and nifedipine. A high level of circulating immune complexes was found in hyperlipemic younger patients together with lower migration inhibition against LDL, which may be explained by authors' hypothesis: LDL is a component of circulating immune complexes, so there are few free LDL for lymphokines in the circulation. A correlation between specific (anti-aorta, anti-LDL) and nonspecific (PHA) immune responses was also detected in patients. The use of these drugs may be useful in the therapy of patients with myocardial infarction in order to modulate cellular immune reactions against vascular wall and LDL.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

99-m technetium (Dupont Cardiolite) investigations in postinfarction patients with Holter-checked silent ischaemia.

Sixteen middle-aged, normotensive, slightly overweight male patients with previous myocardial infarction were studied during Holter-checked silent myocardial ischaemia. As reference, stress and late 201-T1 scintigraphy served for comparison with Cardiolite-MIBI silent ischaemic perfusion scan, both carried out in planar mode. The circumferential profiles differed in 9 cases, on region of interest basis the segment number difference was 10, but the late distribution segment number was near to both ischaemic numbers. The quantitative scores were distinctive (ratio 133-128/103) indicating the silent ischaemia appeared in the peri-infarct area. The silent ischaemic MIBI and stress 201-T1 ischaemic score difference was reduced by means of repeated SPECT investigation. With gated radionuclide ventriculography there was -4.3% difference between the left ventricular ejection fractions, measured with first pass MIBI technique during silent ischaemia and afterwards in basal state. The impairment of the left ventricular function was reflected on the stroke pattern of our Holter-based radiocyclogram, as well. Taking the 43.7-48.0 = -4.3% "ischaemic shift" into consideration it was a close correlation (r = 0.90) between the two kinds of ejection fraction determination. The major rhythm failures (occurring during the 24 h Holter monitoring) decreased to a higher degree the left ventricular ejection fraction than silent ischaemia or silent ischaemia and minor rhythm failure together (38-42-50%).

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1991

Humoral leukocyte adherence inhibition (H-LAI) follow-up trials on malignant process in mice.

Humoral antitumor response of Lewis lung tumor-bearing mice was measured by humoral leukocyte adherence inhibition (H-LAI) test. The reactivity of serum against tumor antigens prepared from primary tumor and lung metastases could be revealed at the first day after injection of tumor cells. On the other hand, the macroscopical appearance of the primary tumors and lung metastases was observed after 5 and 11 days, respectively. These findings suggest that the immune reaction of the host could be detected by H-LAI test earlier than the tumor can manifest itself. The antigens prepared from primary tumors and metastases seemed to be very similar, however, the metastasis antigen had additional determinants as detected by the H-LAI technique. Comparison of two tumor lines, the original Lewis lung tumor (LLT) and its variant with high metastatic capacity (LLT-HH), showed high similarity between their antigens as tested in H-LAI system by cross-reaction probes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Public health aspects of the Martin-Bell syndrome].

A carrier mother has eleven children. Of 5 boys, four are affected by Martin-Bell syndrome. Of 6 girls, four were found carrier. Authors summarise the medical genetic characteristics of this syndrome which is the second most common genetic cause of mental retardation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

111-indium human antimyosin monoclonal antibody-fragment study on alcoholic (and diabetic) cardiomyopathic patients (ACM-DCM) with Centocor Europe Myoscint (Msc).

The criteria of Msc-positivity were: typical accumulation of hot spots in 2 directions of planar scan in the 24-48-hr measurements, while in atypical cases the hot spots were present only in the 48 hr picture. Twenty-one male volunteers were assessed. 18 of them had ACM (2 patients were studied repeatedly). The negative and positive control cases exhibited the expected Msc pattern. Seven ACM patients were regarded typically positive, in 5 cases atypical positivity was stated, and 6 patients were classified as Msc negatives. The heart lung activity ratio was 1.75 +/- 0.45 and 1.68 +/- 0.44 for typical and atypical positive cases, respectively. The control and DCM H/L ratios were 1.15 and 1.3 +/- 0.2, respectively, in AMI the H/L was 1.91, in DCM of dilatative phase it was 1.55 +/- 0.06 with serum myosin in the normal range. Heart dilation in the DCM groups: 5 dilated out of 7 typically positive cases while in atypically positive, and negative cases the dilation occurred in 2 out of 5 and 1 out of 6 cases, respectively. Low LV-EF (less than 45%) were found in ratios of 4/7, 2/5, and 1/6 in typically positive, atypically positive and negative cases, respectively. Elevated PCP similar ratios. In the same groups pathological ECG was seen in ratios of 5/7, 1/5, and 1/6, respectively. The g-GT activity was enhanced in all cases, there was, however, no evident correlation between the actual enzyme activity and intensity of hot accumulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Humoral leukocyte adherence inhibition (H-LAI) test in screening of high risk group for lung cancer.

In the screening examinations of 150 ore miners the positive humoral immune response against lung tumor antigen was measured in 30 serum samples. Repeated testing of positive sera (after 1-3 years) was possible only in 15 cases. Among them, the reaction of 12 serum samples was again positive, and 2 persons died of lung cancer. The results obtained in these follow-up investigations are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Spectrophotometric assay of hydroxylated by-products in penicillin V fermentations and its application in screening of mutant penicillin producer strains on agar media.

A fast and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed to measure the level of hydroxylated by-products (p-hydroxyphenoxyacetic acid and p-hydroxypenicillin V) in penicillin V fermentations. The method is based on a color reaction of the above-mentioned phenolic by-products with nitrous acid, yielding yellow nitroso derivatives. Both the nitroso derivative of p-hydroxyphenoxyacetic acid and that of p-hydroxypenicillin V have an absorption peak at 450 nm in alkaline solution with a molar absorption of 4.00 x 10(3) M-1cm-1 for both compounds. No fermentation medium components were found to interfere considerably with the assay. On the basis of the color reaction, an agar prescreen method has been developed for isolation of nonhydroxylating Penicillium chrysogenum strains in strain-improvement programs.

Agar↗