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Biomedical subjects

M Horváth

Publications and source records attributed to M Horváth.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Hiatal hernia associated with mitral prolapse in childhood].

Authors examined 17 cases of hiatal hernia, out of which 13 proved to have mitral valve prolapse. The diagnosis was based on auscultation, ECG and echocardiographic examination. The incidence of mitral valve prolapse (76.5%) found in this study in considerably high. Up to now no such relationship has been reported in the literature. At the moment it could not be stated that similar aetiological factors may play any role in the developmental of both hiatal hernia and mitral valve prolapse. At the same time it can not be excluded either, that the hiatal hernia and mitral valve prolapse are not a part of a connective tissue disorder. Authors plan to follow up the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Vigilance impairment after a single dose of benzodiazepines.

While outpatients or other users of therapeutic drugs have to be informed about the risk of impaired functioning during driving or work, the prescribing physician needs to be familiar with the side effects of alternative drugs in order to select the most suitable treatment. With this aim, several types of benzodiazepine anxiolytics in low anxiolytic doses (diazepam 5 mg or 10 mg, nitrazepam 5 mg, oxazepam 10 mg, medazepam 10 mg, and alprazolam 0.2 or 0.5 mg-per 2m2 body surface) were tested under laboratory conditions for their effects on vigilance performance. In a double-blind design, 145 healthy volunteers performed a 60 min vigilance test (composed of discriminatory reactions to acoustic stimuli and a secondary visual tracking task) and four short psychomotor tests (lasting 1-7 min each) before and after a single dose of drug or placebo. Subjects described their perception of the drug effect with the help of a mood check list, and fatigue, sleepiness, and effort scales. Only diazepam 5 mg and 10 mg, alprazolam 0.5 mg, and nitrazepam 5 mg caused significant deterioration in vigilance performance along with perceived sleepiness and the need for a greater effort to overcome it. The onset of diazepam effect was quicker, whereas alprazolam effect lasted longer. No effect was noted in the short psychomotor tests except for the Bourdon Cancellation Test, where the first phase of diazepam effect was registered.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1995

Effect of visible light on some cellular and immune parameters.

The biological effect of visible light of low energy density was investigated in this study. The effects of diffuse (DL) and linearly polarized (LPL) light were compared on models in vitro and in vivo. Experiments in vitro were performed on human lymphocytes to study their blast-transformation and rosette-formation abilities. Both DL and LPL increased the number of blast-transformed cells even in a lymphocyte culture without PHA, and reduced rosette-formation of T lymphocytes. LPL had a more pronounced effect. In vivo exposure to DL and LPL of the spleens of tumour-bearing mice caused the appearance of factor(s) in their serum, inhibiting the incorporation in vitro of [3H]-thymidine into the tumour cells obtained from non-exposed animals. In the other series of experiments serum samples were taken from tumorous animals after the exposure of their spleens to LPL. Following the daily administration of these sera to another group of non-exposed tumorous mice a decreasing tendency of the mitotic kinetics of ascites tumour was observed. The application of visible (preferably linearly polarized) light for the stimulation of human immune competent cells, and clinical trials with extracorporeal irradiation of blood for the promotion of natural defences of an immune-repressed organism are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Acute hydrops of the gallbladder in childhood].

The authors discuss four cases of acute hydrops of the gallbladder being examined in the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University School of Pécs. Diagnosis was based on ultrasonography. In all cases right upper quadrant abdominal pain and fatigue were observed. The causes of hydrops were Kawasaki's disease, sepsis, and multiple trauma. In one case the cause was unknown. In one of the cases cholecystectomy was done, in three cases the hydrops resolved spontaneously. The authors discuss the aetiology, the symptomatology and the therapeutical possibilities of hydrops. On the basis of their results the authors suggest the importance of the serial ultrasound examinations.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Hiatal hernia in childhood].

Authors studied the occurrence and clinical outcome of hiatal hernia in 18 patients during a 7-year period. The age of the children from 10 years to 15 years, with a mean age of 12.8 years. Their patients had recurrent abdominal pain, 4 of them had chest pain. 13 patients had macroscopic oesophagitis. Under medically treatment 16 patients has been well. Two cases required surgery. Aetiology of hiatal hernia in children is unknown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Relative acute neurotoxicity of solvents: isoeffective air concentrations of 48 compounds evaluated in rats and mice.

Effect-air concentration regressions of 48 common solvents (aromatic, aliphatic, and chlorinated hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, acetates) were determined for 4-hr inhalation exposures in male rats and for 2-hr exposures in female mice. Inhibition of propagation and maintenance of the electrically evoked seizure discharge was used as a criterion of the acute neurotropic effect. The isoeffective concentrations in air were estimated by interpolation on the level of one-third of the maximum effect (ECC). ECC estimates ranged from 90 to 24,000 ppm and were several times lower than concentrations evoking behavioral inhibition and by one to two orders lower than concentrations inducing narcosis. Correlations between corresponding values in both species were high (r > 0.9), indicating a relative independence of the estimates from experimental conditions. The relative potency estimates had only negligible correlation with octanol:water distribution coefficients or other physicochemical predictors for the whole sample of solvents, but moderate to high correlation (r = 0.5 to 0.9) in homogenous groups of nonpolar solvents, permitting cautious predictions. When applied to known effective concentrations of some solvents on human performance and subjective state, the comparative potency procedure suggests that ceiling and STEL values of some solvents may not reliably protect workers from acute nervous depression.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1993

[The value of transesophageal echocardiography in the detection of left coronary proximal stenosis].

Transesophageal echocardiography was performed in 34 patients before coronary angiography for suspected coronary artery disease to determine the usefulness in the detection of proximal left coronary stenosis. The control group consisted of 18 patients in whom coronaroangiography seemed to be negative. The diameter of the visualized coronary arteries, the systolic and diastolic peak flow velocities were measured. The left main coronary artery was visualized in 32 patients, the left anterior descending artery in 31 and the proximal part of the circumflexus artery in 23 patients of the coronary artery disease group, and in the same rate in the control group. The visualization of the right coronary artery was available only in 20-25% because of technical difficulties. The diastolic peak flow velocity over 60 cm/s in the left anterior descending artery reflected proximal stenosis with high sensitivity. In four patients transesophageal echocardiography was performed before angioplasty and after successful intervention. The high diastolic peak flow velocity significantly decreased in every patient. According to the observations the method can be used to perform morphologic and functional measurements on the left proximal coronary arteries.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Statistical data on motor handicapped children, aged 0-18 years, based on a national survey].

A computer-based data processing was made at 6762 motor handicapped children. The data were obtained by questionnaires about the health status, educational, social level and rehabilitation of these children. The authors could state the use of therapeutical equipment, the further need for rehabilitation--specialists and the waiting list for the admission to institutions. The number of registered children was 2.4% of the specific population. The aim of the study was to promote the activity of local self governments, local--and national social security--and health authorities competent in the rehabilitation for the social integration of the Hungarian 0-18 years old motor handicapped persons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Pathological characteristics of surgically removed craniopharyngiomas: analysis of 131 cases.

Pathological specimens of 131 surgically removed craniopharyngiomas were obtained from the registry of the National Institute of Neurosurgery, Budapest between 1977 and 1991. The cases were reviewed statistically with reference to their gross and microscopic features and clinical characteristics. Macroscopically, 34% of the tumours were cystic, 23% solid and 43% mixed. Histologically, 38% of the cases belonged to the adamantinous group, 26% were squamous epithelial type, 15% were combined, that is expressing the characteristics of both. In 21% of the cases the surgically removed samples did not contain enough material for correct histopathologic classification. There was no recurrence in the group with the squamous epithelial type tumours, while 59% of the adamantinous, and 36% of the combined craniopharyngiomas recurred. The 5-year survival proportion was 73% at the squamous epithelial, 60% in the adamantinous, and 55% at the combined histological types.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Noninvasive imaging of the proximal coronary arteries by transesophageal echocardiography].

Authors give an account of their experiences about the visualization of the proximal coronary arteries on the basis of the transesophageal echocardiographic examination of 45 patients. According to their observations the left main coronary artery, the bifurcation, the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex coronary artery were well visualized in 40 patients. With the help of pulsed Doppler-echocardiography the Doppler flow velocity spectrum of the coronary flow can be detected, which could be analysed in 25 patients. At the same time the visualization of the right coronary artery is less sensitive, valuable images could be detected only in 12 patients. The technique of the TEE visualization of the proximal coronary arteries is described. TEE seems to be a promising approach to the morphologic evaluation of the proximal coronary arteries and for functional pathophysiologic examinations of coronary blood-flow.

Coronary Circulation↗
PubMed1992

Neuropeptides in the human superior cervical ganglion.

Superior cervical ganglia from 7 human cadavers (3-7 h post mortem) were immunostained for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and 14 different neuropeptides. The results show that ganglionic cells contain TH, DBH, neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). These substances were present predominantly within large ganglionic cells. Inside the ganglion, the number and topographical distribution of various types of immunoreactive cells differed from one another. NPY and CGRP immunoreactivities were found in some TH-positive cells, but that co-localization never exceeded the 30% of the TH cells. Leu-enkephalin showed a weak immunoreactivity, which was restricted to fibers or varicosities. Neuropeptides like substance P, dynorphin A and B, cholecystokinin, galanin, corticotropin-releasing factor, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, angiotensin II and neurotensin showed no immunoreactivity in the human superior cervical ganglion.

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide↗
PubMed1992

[Relationship between congenital heart disease and various factors affecting pregnancy].

In a prospective epidemiological study data of 24,732 pregnancies were analysed by computer programmes for the incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) and its relationship to various factors affecting pregnancy (age and weight of mother, smoking, alcohol-, and coffee-consumption, usage of oral contraception). Frequency of CHD was 0.9%. Data showed that CHD could be associated with alcohol consumption, smoking, maternal age. Other factors like coffee consumption or taking oral contraceptive tablets did not influence the frequency of CHD. Authors conclude that in the prevention of CHD, reduction or even omission of both alcohol consumption and smoking are highly justified.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1992

Integration of behavioral and neurophysiological approaches in neurotoxicology.

The validity of behavioral and neurophysiological models can only be assessed with respect to the type of the modelled effect: for acute changes in activation level as well as for chronic motor or sensory deficits both approaches are equally prone to misinterpretation. Validation of behavioral criteria supported by neurophysiological correlates and vice versa is the best protection. In the cognitive and emotional sphere, a shift to testing of the readiness ("fluidity") dimension seems to be promising both in human and animal studies, permitting also more reliable extrapolations and efficient cooperation of behavioral and neurophysiological approaches.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The effect of azathioprine, cyclosporine A and insulin on the in vitro lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in type I diabetic patients.

Previously both specific and nonspecific immune reactions have been reported in patients with type I diabetes mellitus. In this study the effect of various immunosuppressive drugs and insulin was studied on in vitro lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in 20 type I diabetic patients. Twenty sex- and age-matched healthy subjects served as controls. Human pancreas-extract (300 micrograms/ml protein)-coated, 51-Chromium labeled chicken erythrocytes were used as target cells and separated T-lymphocytes as effector cells with and without azathioprine 50 micrograms/50 microliters (Wellcome), Cyclosporine A 5 ng/50 microliters (Sandoz) and MC Actrapid insulin 0.1 IU/50 microliters (Novo). The degree of cytotoxicity was expressed with cytotoxic capacity: the number of maximal killed target cells. Simultaneously islet cell antibodies (ICA) in sera and the number of activated T-lymphocytes were assessed. Significant lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity was observed in the majority of type I diabetic patients (18/20), while no cytotoxicity was found in the control cases. The cytotoxicity decreased in all 16 patients using azathioprine or insulin, independently of ICA and HLA-DR positivity. The number of killed target cells was lowered considerably by Cyclosporine A in all 18 patients having cytotoxicity against pancreas-extract. Our observations reveal that Cyclosporine A proved to be the most effective immunosuppressive agent in vitro. It decreases not only the leucocyte migration inhibition as previously observed, but also the lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, which represents the late stage of cellular immune reactions against pancreatic tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Fibrinopeptide-A as thrombotic risk marker in diabetic and atherosclerotic coronary vasculopathy.

Fibrinopeptide A was determined in 75 middle aged male patients, five control subjects and a control group of young medical students, divided into nine subsets. The FPA levels were significantly elevated in the patient group, particularly among the diabetics, when compared with the medical students and also age matched controls. Diabetic patients who smoked and had vascular pathology had high FPA levels even after they stopped smoking.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1991

Spontaneous spinal epidural haematomas.

The spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma (SSEH) is a rarity, but the severe and permanent motor disability underlines its importance. From 1957 seven cases of SSEH have been diagnosed and operated on in the National Institute of Neurosurgery, Budapest. These cases are analysed and discussed. The clinical picture began with local pain of the spine and radicular signs but some hours or days later paraparesis or paraplegia and incontinence developed. In the discussed cases the neurological deficit progressed to complete para- or tetraplegia in 5 cases. Only 2 patients had partial spinal transverse lesions on admission. All patients underwent myelography to detect the spinal space occupying lesion and were operated on soon. Three patients recovered completely, 2 remained partly and 2 totally paralysed. The outcome depended mainly on the timing of neurological deficiency. If the neurological signs existed less than 8 hours the patients recovered completely or fairly well while the prognosis was poor if the transverse lesion persisted longer than 24 hours. The authors stress the importance of correct and fast decisions at the first medical examination for the outcome of this disease, because only immediate transfer to a neurosurgical department gives a chance of good recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The effect of some drugs on in vitro cellular immune reactions and on circulating immune complexes in patients with myocardial infarction.

The immunomodulatory effect of the lipid-reducing etofibrate, the calcium antagonist nifedipine and the immunosuppressive cyclosporine A was studied on in vitro cellular immune response in the presence of human aortic extract and of human LDL in 56 patients with acute myocardial infarction. 50 sex- and age-matched healthy persons were used as controls. Leukocyte migration test, level of C1q and of immune complexes and serum lipid parameters were measured. Leukocyte migration inhibition was observed against aorta in 68%, against LDL in only 23% of patients, which were significantly reduced by etofibrate and nifedipine and a similar, but not significant tendency was found using cyclosporine A against aorta. Leukocyte migration stimulation was observed in 9.0% and in 27% of patients against aorta and LDL, respectively. They were also considerably decreased by etofibrate and nifedipine. A high level of circulating immune complexes was found in hyperlipemic younger patients together with lower migration inhibition against LDL, which may be explained by authors' hypothesis: LDL is a component of circulating immune complexes, so there are few free LDL for lymphokines in the circulation. A correlation between specific (anti-aorta, anti-LDL) and nonspecific (PHA) immune responses was also detected in patients. The use of these drugs may be useful in the therapy of patients with myocardial infarction in order to modulate cellular immune reactions against vascular wall and LDL.

Aged↗