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Biomedical subjects

M Hosoda

Publications and source records attributed to M Hosoda.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Macrognathia secondary to dialysis-related renal osteodystrophy treated successfully by parathyroidectomy.

Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is one of the most common complications affecting patients with chronic renal failure both before and after the initiation of maintenance dialysis, but macrognathia secondary to ROD is rare. Usually, enlarged jaws due to ROD do not return to their normal contours after the treatment of hyperparathyroidism. To the authors' knowledge, this article describes the second case of macrognathia secondary to dialysis-related ROD treated successfully by parathyroidectomy. Immunohistochemical study of the maxilla confirmed that parathyroidectomy could stop maladaptive parathyroid hormone stimulation, which leads not only to the formation of osteoblastic progenitors that become fibroblast-like cells but also to osteoclast formation.

Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder↗
PubMed2001

Differences in composition and mucosal adhesion of bifidobacteria isolated from healthy adults and healthy seniors.

Fifty-one Bifidobacterium strains were isolated from the feces of healthy adults (30-40 years old) and seniors (older than 70 years of age). B. adolescentis, B. breve, B. infantis, and B. longum were isolated from the healthy adults and B. adolescentis and B. longum from elderly subjects. The tested bacteria bound, in vitro, to intestinal mucus in a strain dependent manner. The strains isolated from healthy adults, and especially B. adolescentis, bound better to intestinal mucus than those isolated from seniors. These results indicate that the mucosal adhesive properties of the human Bifidobacterium flora were reduced with the aging of the host. This shift to a Bifidobacterium flora with reduced adhesive abilities may explain the decrease in bifidobacteria levels in the intestinal microflora of aging people.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Relation between exhaled carbon monoxide levels and clinical severity of asthma.

Carbon monoxide (CO) can be detected in exhaled air and is increased in asthmatic patients not treated with corticosteroids. However, it is uncertain whether exhaled CO is related to severity of asthma. To study whether exhaled CO is related to severity of asthma in clinical courses, exhaled CO concentrations were measured on a CO monitor by vital capacity manoeuvre in 20 mild asthmatics treated with inhaled beta2-agonists alone, 20 moderate asthmatics treated with inhaled corticosteroids, and 15 stable asthmatics treated with high dose inhaled corticosteroids and oral corticosteroids once a month over 1 years. Exhaled CO concentrations were also measured in 16 unstable severe asthmatics who visited the hospital every 7 or 14 days for treatment with high dose inhaled corticosteroids and oral corticosteroids. The mean values of exhaled CO in severe asthma over 1 year were 6.7 +/- 9.5 p.p.m. (n = 31, mean +/- SD) and significantly higher than those of non-smoking control subjects (1.2 +/- 0.9 p.p.m., n = 20, P < 0.01). Exhaled CO concentrations in unstable severe asthmatics were significantly higher than those in stable severe asthmatics. However, exhaled CO concentrations in mild and moderate asthmatics did not differ significantly from those in non-smoking control subjects (P > 0.20). There was a significant relationship between the exhaled CO concentrations and forced expiratory volume in one second in all asthmatic patients. These findings suggest that exhaled CO concentrations may relate to the severity of asthma and measurements of exhaled CO concentrations may be a useful means of monitoring airway inflammation in asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Cytokines in pleural liquid for diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy.

An elevated level of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in pleural liquid has been considered as a supplemental diagnostic marker for tuberculous pleurisy. However, this is complicated by false-positives and -negatives. Recently, it has been revealed that various cytokines are intimately involved in the pathognomonic physiology of tuberculosis. In this study, interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interferon gamma (IFNgamma) were compared with ADA in pleural liquid of patients with inflammatory (21 cases), malignant (28 cases) and tuberculous (21 cases) disease. The pleural ADA, IL-8, TNFalpha and IFNgamma levels in the tuberculous group were higher than in the other three groups. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, to evaluate the utility of the various parameters, demonstrates values for the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.770, 0.875, 0.892 and 0.987, respectively for IL-8, TNFalpha, ADA and IFNgamma. No false-positives were encountered with IFNgamma and only one case with a small volume of pleural liquid was a false-negative. This indicates that IFNgamma is a very reliable marker of tuberculous pleurisy.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed2001

Type 2 rhinovirus infection of cultured human tracheal epithelial cells: role of LDL receptor.

To examine the role of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor on minor group human rhinovirus (RV) infection, primary cultures of human tracheal epithelial cells were infected with a minor group (RV2) or a major group (RV14) RV. Viral infection was confirmed by showing with PCR that viral titers in supernatants and lysates from infected cells increased with time. RV2 and RV14 increased expression of mRNA and protein of the LDL receptor on the cells and the cytokine production. RV2 induced activation of transcription factors SP1 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). An antibody to the LDL receptor inhibited RV2 infection and RV2-induced cytokine production without an effect on RV14 infection and RV14-induced cytokine production. These findings imply that RV2 upregulates LDL receptor expression on airway epithelial cells, thereby increasing susceptibility to minor group RV infection. LDL receptor expression and cytokine production may be mediated, in part, via activation of transcription factors by RV2. These events may be important in airway inflammation after minor group RV infection in asthma.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Bafilomycin A(1) inhibits rhinovirus infection in human airway epithelium: effects on endosome and ICAM-1.

To examine the effects of bafilomycin A(1), a blocker of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase, on rhinovirus (RV) infection in the airway epithelium, primary cultures of human tracheal epithelial cells were infected with RV14. Viral infection was confirmed by showing that viral RNA in the infected cells and the viral titers in the supernatants of infected cells increased with time. RV14 infection upregulated the production of cytokines and mRNA of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 in epithelial cells. Bafilomycin A(1) reduced the viral titers of RV14 and inhibited the production of cytokines and ICAM-1 before and after RV14 infection. Bafilomycin A(1) reduced susceptibility of epithelial cells to RV14 infection. RV14 increased activated nuclear factor-kappaB in the cells, and bafilomycin A(1) reduced the activated nuclear factor-kappaB. Bafilomycin A(1) decreased the number of acidic endosomes in the epithelial cells. These results suggest that bafilomycin A(1) may inhibit infection by RV14 by not only blocking RV RNA entry into the endosomes but also reducing ICAM-1 expression in the epithelial cells. Bafilomycin A(1) may therefore modulate airway inflammation after RV infection.

Amiloride↗
PubMed2000

Combined effects of meropenem and aminoglycosides on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro.

To investigate combinations of antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the in vitro effects of combinations of meropenem with each of three aminoglycosides, arbekacin, amikacin and netilmicin, were evaluated using an agar dilution chequerboard technique. The combinations of meropenem and aminoglycosides were effective against almost all P. aeruginosa strains tested, which included meropenem-resistant strains. Increased synergic effects were observed in combinations that included arbekacin or amikacin. None of the combinations had an antagonistic effect. Most of the synergic and additive effects were achieved at clinically relevant concentrations.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed2000

New multilobe "accordion" flaps for three-dimensional reconstruction of wide, full-thickness defects in the oral floor.

When reconstructing a wide, full-thickness intraoral defect, the following principles are necessary for active food transport and improved swallowing and speech. First, the flap should touch the palate and obliterate the oral cavity. Second, jaw or flap excursion should not be hindered by tethering of the flap in the neck. And third, all surfaces of the tongue and oral floor, and the dead space of the floor should be reconstructed. To accomplish these goals, two new designs, similar to an accordion, using an anterolateral thigh flap and a deep inferior epigastric perforator flap have been developed. The outlines of multilobe flaps create an accordion-type structure of the tongue and oral floor complex. The advantages of the new designs using anterior thigh or deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps are follows: First, three-dimensional intraoral reconstitution allows maximal movement postoperatively of the reconstructed tongue. Second, the donor sites are so far from the tongue that simultaneous flap elevation is possible for tumor resectioning. Third, even in obese patients, totally or partially thin flaps are available. And fourth, in most patients the donor defects can be closed directly.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Current gender stereotypes and their evaluative content.

A sample of 173 undergraduate students rated 300 attributes to assess current gender stereotypes, and a second independent sample (n = 57) evaluated the favorability of these attributes. Statistical results indicated that the college students ascribed different attributes to men and women. Although the content of gender stereotypes seems to have remained unchanged over the years, the value attached to stereotypic gender traits seems to be changing. More specifically, a greater number of unfavorable attributes were used to describe men than women, thereby creating a more negative masculine stereotype.

Attitude↗
PubMed2000

Effect of administration of fermented milk containing whey protein concentrate to rats and healthy men on serum lipids and blood pressure.

The effect of fermented milk supplemented with whey protein concentrate on the serum lipid level of rats was investigated. The serum total cholesterol level for the group fed fermented milk with both Lactobacillus casei TMC0409 and Streptococcus thermophilus TMC 1543 was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05) in rats. Furthermore, the effect of the longterm intake of this fermented milk on the serum lipid level of twenty healthy adult men was investigated. During the 8-wk study, the volunteers consumed 200 ml of fermented milk or placebo in the morning and evening. Blood samples were drawn for analysis three times, just before taking the experimental diet, and after 4 wk and 8 wk of consumption. After 8 wk, the high density lipoprotein cholesterol level for the fermented milk group showed a significant rise after 4 wk (P<0.05), whereas that of the placebo group showed no change even after 4 wk (P>0.05). The triglyceride level for the fermented milk group lowered significantly after 4 wk (<0.05), whereas that of the placebo group showed no change even after 4 wk (P>0.05). The atherogenic index [(total cholesterol - high density lipoprotein cholesterol)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol] for the fermented milk group decreased significantly from 4.24 to 3.52 (P<0.05). The systolic blood pressure lowered significantly by the intake of fermented milk (P<0.05) On the other hand, such effect was not observed in the placebo group (P>0.05). These results indicate potential of the development of fermented milk with multiple therapeutic effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Assessment of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction in chronic pancreatitis.

The clinical diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis is usually based on imaging studies, pancreatic function tests, and the presence of characteristic clinical features. In Japan, diagnostic criteria for chronic pancreatitis were established in 1995. The secretin test (a duodenal intubation test) and the combination of noninvasive tests, N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA) and fecal chymotrypsin (FCT), have been recommended for evaluating exocrine pancreatic function in patients with chronic pancreatitis. In the present study, the diagnostic value of these two noninvasive tests was compared to the secretin test. Although noninvasive tests are less sensitive and specific for determining exocrine pancreatic dysfunction than the secretin test, greater reliability for diagnosing chronic pancreatitis can be obtained by performing the BT-PABA and FCT simultaneously. Assessment of exocrine pancreatic function is important not only to diagnose chronic pancreatitis but also to decide a treatment method with pancreatic enzyme preparation.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1999

High dose rate microselectron mould ratiotherapy of a widespread superficial oral cancer.

Treatment of a case of widespread superficial oral squamous cell carcinoma with external beam irradiation, followed by high dose rate Microselectron mould radiotherapy, is reported. The tumor disappeared macroscopically after treatment, but there was infield recurrence in the buccogingival sulcus where the radiation dose might have been inadequate. Apart from some radiation mucositis within the treated area, edema and a superficial ulcer were observed in the tongue. These were considered to be due to radiation overdose. Although there is room for improvement, this mode of treatment has something to offer patients with hard-to-cure cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Mycosis fungoides with involvement of the oral mucosa.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a T-cell lymphoma that predominantly affects the skin. Involvement of the oral tissues in MF is rare. A case of MF with involvement of the maxillary gingiva and cervical lymph nodes is presented. Electron-beam radiation with 40 Gy and systemic chemotherapy with vincristine and interferon gamma produced almost complete remission of the oral lesion while the persistent pain was relieved.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed1998

Possibility of independence in ADL (Activities of Daily Living) for patients with cervical spinal cord injuries--an evaluation based on the Zancolli Classification of Residual Arm Functions.

For patients with cervical spinal cord injuries to become independent in their ADL (Activities of Daily Living), residual arm function is very important. Also, age, sex, physical strengths, obesity, spasticity, pain, contracture and motivation are related. We investigated the possibility of independence in ADL for patients with cervical spinal cord injuries, carrying out our evaluation based on the Zancolli Classification of Residual Arm Functions. Zancolli classification C6BII is taken as the boundary level for ADL independence. Rehabilitation is not only controlled by the patients with cervical spinal cord injuries themselves but also by the ability of the rehabilitation staff. This implies that taking responsibility in rehabilitation important.

Activities of Daily Living↗