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Biomedical subjects

M Kallioinen

Publications and source records attributed to M Kallioinen.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Cell-type related and spatial variation in the expression of integrins in cutaneous tumors.

Integrins constitute a group of transmembrane proteins which mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Previous studies have shown both increased and decreased expression of integrins in relation to malignancy and invasion. In the present study, we investigated integrin distribution in cutaneous tumors by using monoclonal antibodies on frozen tissue sections. Antibodies to integrin subunits alpha v, alpha 3, alpha 4, alpha 5, alpha 6, beta 1 and beta 3 were used. The study was designed to explore (i) the association between integrin expression and the tumor type, and (ii) the effect on the integrin expression of the location of the tumor, i.e. whether it grows intraepidermally or within various compartments of the dermis (papillary or reticular). Beta 1, beta 3 and alpha 3 were strongly or moderately expressed in the epithelial and stromal cells of basal cell carcinomas (BCC), seborrheic keratoses, solar keratoses, dermatofibromas (DF), and showed a variable expression in the nevic cells of benign and dysplastic nevocellular nevi. alpha v and in alpha 5 appeared strongly expressed in the stromal cells of BCC and DF, while only a focal, often weak staining was seen in nevic cells and in the epithelial cells of BCCs. In some nevocellular nevi, they were only expressed, together with alpha 4, in the deep-seated nevic cells in the reticular dermis. alpha 6 was expressed by tumor cells of BCCs and nevocellular nevi only within the dermo-epidermal junction. In seborrheic keratosis and solar keratosis a basement membrane-associated staining pattern for alpha 6 was seen in the basal cell layer, with focal discontinuities in solar keratosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1994

Polyglycolic acid membrane interpositioning for the prevention of skull deformity following experimental craniosynostosis.

The interpositioning of various materials to complete suturectomy for the treatment of craniosynostosis has been used by many surgeons to prevent early postoperative reunion. Clear scientific proof for this procedure has not yet been obtained with any material, however. A previously described model of experimental craniosynostosis was employed to examine the effects of an interpositioned biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA) membrane on the growing skull of 14 newborn rabbits. Additional 11 newborn rabbits served as controls, as on their skulls only unilateral resection of the coronal suture was performed (experimental craniosynostosis). The skulls were examined for shape and histology up to 6 months of age. The 11 rabbits in the control group developed a unilateral deformity on their calvaria as demonstrated by dry-skull osteometry. The 14 rabbit skulls having the interpositioning of a PGA membrane done into the resection site at the time of unilateral suturectomy were found to have grown in a remarkably symmetrical fashion. The interpositioning of a PGA membrane therefore seems to prevent the formation of a skull deformity during growth as compared with early suturectomy alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

UV irradiation induces the expression of gelatinases in human skin in vivo.

UV irradiation results in marked changes in skin connective tissue, such as degeneration of collagen, and abnormal elastosis. The mechanism of connective tissue damage by UV has not been clarified in detail. In the present study the mechanism of actinic damage was studied by assaying gelatinases, 72-kDa (MMP-2) and 92-kDa (MMP-9), from suction blister fluids induced on patients who had received either UVB or PUVA treatments. The results indicate that both UVB and PUVA increase the levels of gelatinases in human skin. By in situ hybridization, it was also possible to show that UV irradiation induced increased levels of gelatinase mRNAs in fibroblasts. Furthermore, in samples from severe actinic damage, gelatinase mRNAs were abundantly present, suggesting that gelatinases may contribute to photodamage.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A new method for the creation and measurement of experimental craniosynostosis.

Craniosynostosis is described as a condition in which the premature closure of one or more cranial sutures is exposed as a skull deformity alone or accompanied by neurological disturbances. According to previous research it seemed possible to create an experimental model for investigating the disease by simply resecting a suture in a newborn rabbit. We resected 16 coronal sutures in 16 newborn rabbits and had the skulls investigated for shape and histology up to 6 months of age. A clear deformity at the cranial vault could be detected. The fused site of the suturectomy later on presented a suture-like structure which was macroscopically distinct from a normal skull suture. The procedure is thus established, first, for investigating procedures for treating craniosynostosis in the growing skull, and, secondly, for studying the pathophysiology of craniosynostosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effect of acute distension on cholinergic innervation of the rat urinary bladder.

The effect of short-term urinary bladder distension on its cholinergic innervation was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. Distension was induced for 3 h by forced diuresis and balloon outlet obstruction, and whole thick biopsy specimens were taken from the dome and lateral side of the anterior body 2, 7 and 21 days afterwards. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) method was used to demonstrate the cholinergic nerves in the distended bladder wall. Cholinergic hypoinnervation was observed 7 days after the distension, persisting up to 21 days, although AChE-reactive nerves were then observed to be more numerous. The distribution of hypoinnervation was uneven, being more marked in the lateral side of the anterior body than in the dome. The distribution of AChE-reactive nerves varied even in the same biopsies, with areas of total hypoinnervation occurring next to areas of slightly diminished innervation. This was especially true 21 days after distension. The findings indicate transient damage to the cholinergic innervation, which may in turn explain the prolonged voiding difficulties often seen after catheterization of an overdistended bladder in a patient with urinary retention. The short-lasting effect of bladder dilatation therapy used to treat detrusor instability or interstitial cystitis may be due to the fairly rapid regeneration of cholinergic innervation.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1992

Polylactide and polyglycolic acid-reinforced coralline hydroxy-apatite for the reconstruction of cranial bone defects in the rabbit.

The possibility of using coralline hydroxy-apatite in combination with polylactide and polyglcycolic acid instead of a bone graft in the skull region is examinated. Coralline hydroxy-apatite blocks strengthened with a membrane made of a combination of polylactide and polyglycolic acid were inserted into bony defects created in 12 rabbit skulls. The blocks were observed during a follow-up of 12 months. They became fixed to the surrounding bone and no adverse effects or harmful reactions in the nearby tissues could be detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Mononuclear cell subsets in the nickel-allergic reaction in vitro and in vivo.

Nickel is the major cause of metal-induced contact allergy. To understand the mechanism of its immune reaction, we studied changes in lymphocyte surface markers during nickel challenge in both allergic and healthy subjects using an in vitro nickel reaction in which the lymphocytes of allergic subjects divide when they are stimulated with nickel sulfate. The lymphocytes were labeled with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to cell-surface antigens and studied by flow cytometry. Mononuclear cells from the nickel reaction in vivo were studied from skin biopsy specimens using MAbs and avidin-biotin immunohistochemistry. Nickel-induced lymphoblast transformation occurred in vitro only in cells from nickel-allergic subjects. CD4+ cells and CD45RO+ cells were overrepresented among the lymphoblasts of nickel-sensitive subjects, whereas CD8+ and CD8+CD11b+ and CD4+CD45R+ cells were underrepresented. The lymphoblasts contained T cells with the following activation markers: CD25, HLA-DR, CD26, CD71, Ki-67, and activation-associated antigen detected by the MAb, M21C5, but they were CD30-. CD16+ cells were overrepresented among the lymphoblasts. Nickel-reacting T cells used predominantly the T cell receptor, alpha beta-heterodimer, but no preferential selection of either V beta 5, V beta 6, or V beta 8 was observed. The phenotypes of nickel-reacting cells from cutaneous biopsy specimens were in agreement with the in vitro results.

Antigens, Differentiation↗
PubMed1992

Collagen synthesis in granuloma annulare.

Previous research has demonstrated active collagen synthesis in granuloma annulare (GA), a mainly degenerative disease of the skin. The present investigation is aimed to characterize details of the collagen synthesis and its regulation. Northern and in situ hybridization techniques and immunohistochemical methods are used to identify type I and type III collagen synthesis, regulation-associated polypeptides TGF-beta, Il-1 alpha, and Il-1 beta and an extracellular matrix protein tenascin, as well as lymphohistiocytic cells present in GA lesions. High mRNA levels of both pro-alpha 1 (I) and pro-alpha 1 (III) collagens were detected in GA lesions. In situ hybridization with cDNA probes revealed active fibroblasts with signals for both type I and III collagen mRNA around GA lesions. Some TGF-beta expression was found within the areas of inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemically, most of the mononuclear/lymphatic cells were CD3+ T cells. The helper/inducer phenotype (CD4+) was common among them, but there were no T-suppressor (CD8) cells. CD1+ cells were few in number, as were cells with activation or proliferation markers (CD26, CD30, and Ki67 antigens). Il-1 alpha- and Il-1 beta-positive lymphocytes/monocytes as well as interleukin-2 receptor containing cells were detected around the lesions, i.e., in the same areas as collagen-synthesizing fibroblasts. Another possible association with the regulation of collagen synthesis was the finding of an accumulation of tenascin, a growth-promoting extracellular matrix protein, in the surroundings of the GA lesions. We suggest that the firmly established and seemingly well-regulated type I and type III collagen synthesis presents a reparative phenomenon in the cutaneous lesions of GA.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Radiological findings in primary liver malignancies.

The imaging findings in 134 patients with primary liver malignancy were evaluated retrospectively to determine the sensitivity and appearances of the tumour by each method. One hundred and thirty-one patients were examined by ultrasound, 77 via computed tomography, 62 via arteriography, 30 were subjected to isotope examination, and fine-needle biopsies were performed in 93 patients. 53 patients were operated on and 23 autopsied. In 59 cases a solitary tumour was found, in 69 cases multiple tumours and in 6 diffuse tumours. US gave a correct solitary/multiple/diffuse classification in 85%, CT in 88%, arteriography in 71% and scintigraphy in 71% of positive imaging results. The largest mean diameter of the tumour was 9.5 cm, range 2-25 cm. US showed a lesion that was interpreted as a tumour in 94, CT in 91, arteriography in 89 and scintigraphy in 80%, a focal lesion with false interpretation was detected in 1, 3, 5 and 0%, respectively, shares of false negative results were 5, 6, 6 and 20%. In the group of tumours of diameter less than 8 cm, US missed 5%, CT 15%, arteriography 9% and scintigraphy 22%. In tumours 8 cm or larger US missed 4%, CT 0%, arteriography 5% and scintigraphy 18%.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1991

Ultraviolet radiation in skin ageing and carcinogenesis: the role of retinoids for treatment and prevention.

The mechanisms of UV-induced ageing and carcinogenesis of the skin have been elucidated in animals and humans, and both UVB and UVA radiation have been shown to have deleterious effects on the skin. Thus the use of solaria which deliver mostly UVA radiation is not safe. There is also an increased risk of ageing when using therapeutic UV sources. UV radiation is beneficial in many cases of skin disorders such as psoriasis, atopic eczema, acne and pruritus. Nevertheless by careful patient selection and follow-up the risks of UV can be minimised when treating patients with artificial UV radiation. During recent years there has been intensive research into the development of agents which prevent harmful effects of radiation. The retinoids are particularly interesting as they enhance skin repair after UV damage, have an anticarcinogenic effect and are effective for treating precancerous lesions such as solar keratosis and as adjuvant therapy for skin cancers. Topical retinoids are already used for the treatment of actinic skin damage, and systemic retinoids are also used in certain groups of patients who have an increased risk of contracting skin cancers such as xeroderma pigmentosum.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Collagen biosynthesis in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus studied by biochemical and in situ hybridization techniques.

Collagen was studied by biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques and by in situ hybridization in four patients with lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA). The solubility of collagen in acetic acid and pepsin was increased in the lesional skin of the LSA patients when compared with their non-affected skin or samples from control subjects, indicating that a marked proportion of the collagen was newly synthesized. Collagen synthesis was slightly increased in fibroblasts derived from the lesional skin of the LSA patients. In situ hybridization with human sequence-specific cDNAs to type I procollagen demonstrated active fibroblasts in lesional skin of LSA patients, further confirming a high level of collagen synthesis in LSA. Remarkably, active fibroblasts were not associated with inflammatory cell infiltrates noted in LSA skin nor did they express transforming growth factor beta(TGF beta 1). Our results indicate that despite the degeneration of connective tissue, there is an active regeneration process in LSA with significant collagen synthesis.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Renal angiomyolipoma. Ultrasonographic, CT, angiographic, and histologic correlation.

The findings at ultrasonography (US), CT, and angiography in 13 patients with renal angiomyolipomas were compared with histologically determined proportions of fatty, myogenic, and vascular components. The angiomyolipoma was composed mainly of fat in 4 cases, half of fat in 2, mainly of myogenic tissue in 4, and was hemorrhagic in 3. US showed high echogenicity in 10 patients, while CT demonstrated attenuation values of fat in 3 tumors with mainly fat tissue but gave non-specific findings in the other cases. The angiographic findings were considered specific for angiomyolipoma in 2 out of 11 cases (18%). Low fat content and hemorrhagic areas caused diagnostic difficulties at both US and CT. The diagnostic algorithm for renal angiomyolipoma is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of long-term PUVA treatment of psoriasis on the collagen and elastin gene expression and growth of skin fibroblasts in vitro.

The proliferation rate, collagen metabolism and collagen and elastin messenger-RNA levels were studied in fibroblasts derived from patients who had received many courses of either systemic 8-methoxypsoralen or topical trioxsalen PUVA treatment. The proliferation rate of fibroblasts as measured by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine or by cellular division was decreased in those obtained from patients who had PUVA treatment as compared with controls. Collagen synthesis was slightly increased in the cells from PUVA-treated patients, but the relative collagen synthesis and the ratio between types I and III collagen were unchanged. The levels of collagen and elastin mRNAs were increased in fibroblasts derived from the PUVA-treated patients. No significant differences in histology or immunochemistry could be found in the biopsies taken from topical and systemic PUVA-treated patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Primary malignant sacrococcygeal tumours: reasons for diagnostic delay.

Primary malignant sacrococcygeal tumours are relatively rare and difficult to detect. In our series of nine cases there were five sarcomas, two chordomas, one lymphoma and one myeloma. The tumours were from 5 to 16 cm in diameter when detected. The patient delay varied from 2 to 12 months, the doctors' delay from 2 to 6 months. The radiological method leading to the diagnosis was plain film in four, CT in three, tomography in one, and myelography in one. CT showed especially the soft tissue involvement. In four cases, the tumour was not visible on the plain film. The tumour was palpable per rectum in three cases. Our experiences show that many sacrococcygeal tumours are missed in a plain X-ray. Tomography and CT produce the most useful diagnostic information. CT and MRI are replacing conventional tomography. We believe that CT examinations of the sacrococcygeal region should be performed when symptoms suggest a tumour to be present.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Sarcoidosis of the bladder: a case report and literature review.

A case of bladder sarcoidosis in a woman with known systemic involvement of this disease is reported. The lesion improved and ureteral obstruction was relieved after transurethral resection and systemic corticosteroid treatment. Sarcoidosis and malacoplakia are believed to represent distinct disease processes in the bladder.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Biochemical and immunohistochemical comparison of collagen in granuloma annulare and skin sarcoidosis.

Collagen was studied by biochemical and immunohistochemical means in 5 patients with granuloma annulare (GA) and 3 with cutaneous sarcoidosis (SA). The solubility of collagen from the lesional skin in acetic acid was higher than that of collagen from unaffected skin from both patients and control subjects. Collagen concentration in the skin lesions, measured in terms of hydroxyproline content, was reduced in 3 patients with granuloma annulare and one with sarcoidosis, but the ratio of type III/I collagen was unchanged vis-à-vis non-affected skin. The collagen concentration in non-affected skin of both GA and SA-patients was also lower than in controls. The most typical immunohistochemical finding was the association of type III procollagen and fibronectin with granulomas in the lesional skin of both GA and SA cases. The activity of prolyl hydroxylase, a key enzyme in collagen biosynthesis, was markedly increased in the lesional skin, indicating that collagen synthesis in vivo was also increased. Surprisingly, collagen synthesis was not increased in cell culture studies. This could be due to cell selection as observed previously in scleroderma. Another possibility could be that various mediators released in vivo from inflammatory cells activate fibroblasts. However, when cells are subcultivated, this effect is not maintained. In conclusion, marked changes in collagen could be observed in granuloma annulare and skin sarcoidosis, reflecting increased turnover of collagen in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Etretinate reduces connective tissue degeneration in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus.

Retinoids have effects on the metabolism of keratinization and on the metabolism of connective tissue. Recent results have indicated that they may be helpful for treating dermatological diseases which involve marked connective tissue changes such as scleroderma, keloids and actinic skin damage. In addition, retinoids have been shown to reduce the clinical and histological alterations occurring in vulvar lichen sclerosus. For these reasons, etretinate was tried in a patient with extensive lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA). Clinical improvement was seen after three months' treatment, i.e. a decrease in pruritus and softening of the skin. The degenerated zone in the lesional skin was shown by histological analyses to have reduced markedly. The immunohistochemistry, with unaltered staining for type III procollagen and fibronectin, disclosed no signs of enhanced collagen synthesis. Thus the reparation mechanism remained obscure.

Connective Tissue↗