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Biomedical subjects

M Kersting

Publications and source records attributed to M Kersting.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Nutrition-related prevention studies in children and adolescents on a population level--concepts, methods, outcome].

Reports on 29 controlled intervention studies concerning the improvement of the diet of children and adolescents under preventive aspects mostly from the USA were found since 1970. Nearly all studies were done in schools, mostly with about 500-2500 pupils aged 9-15 yrs. The design and methods of the interventions differed between the studies. In most cases, the interventions showed favourable results regarding physiological (serum cholesterol, blood pressure, BMI) as well as nutritional aspects (knowledge, food consumption).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Effects of a high protein intake on renal acid excretion in bodybuilders.

Bodybuilders often prefer a high protein diet to achieve maximum skeletal muscle hypertrophy. In this study the effect of a high protein diet on renal acid load and renal handling of proton excretion was studied comparing dietary intake and urinary ionograms in 37 male bodybuilders and 20 young male adults. Energy intake (+ 7%), protein intake (128 vs 88 g/d/1.73 m2), and renal net acid excretion (95 vs 64 mmol/d/1.73 m2) were higher in the bodybuilders than in the controls, however, urine-pH was only slightly lower (5.83 vs 6.12). In the bodybuilders renal ammonium excretion was higher at any given value of urine pH than in the controls. In a regression analysis protein intake proved to be an independent factor modulating the ratio between urine-pH and renal ammonium excretion. The concomitant increase of renal net acid excretion and maximum renal acid excretion capacity in periods of high protein intake appears to be a highly effective response of the kidney to a specific food intake leaving a large renal surplus capacity for an additional renal acid load.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Survey of the present-day supply of fortified food products in Germany].

A survey and critical evaluation of the present-day supply of fortified common food products on the German market is presented concerning products, nutrients and amounts for fortification. The data were collected from the original food labels by personal informations from the manufacturers (40 asked, 68% answered) and by a local market survey in Dortmund (spring 1994). A total of 288 fortified food products (78 manufacturers) were found out of 6 different food products (78 manufacturers) were found out of 6 different food categories (manufacturers/products): beverages (26/95), sweets (24/57), cereals (5/53), milk products (7/35), powdered instant beverages (10/31), ready-to-eat meals (6/17). Sugar was added to 56% of the fortified products. A total of 10 vitamins (E, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, niacin, folate, biotin, pantothenic acid) and 7 minerals (Na, K, Cl, Ca, P, Mg, Fe) were used for fortification. The number of nutrients used for fortification in single products ranged from 1 (94 products) to 16 (3 products). The amounts used for fortification per average portion varied considerably among the different products and the different nutrients in the food categories. In a considerable number of cases, amounts for fortification of more than 100% (maximum 660%) of the recommended daily dose of a nutrient (EC-directive for nutrition labelling) have been observed. Relatively to the contribution of a portion to meet the energy requirement, the fortification of cereals and milk-products (about 30%) as well as of sweets (about 10%) could be rated as acceptable whereas the fortification of beverages (about 50-100%) was overdone. The present-day supply of fortified food is extremely heterogenous from the qualitative and quantitative point of view. Therefore, it is rather difficult for the consumer to reach an overall nutrient intake that is in accordance with the recommendations. The specific requirements of children, who are a preferred group for food advertising, are not at all considered adequately.

Advertising↗
PubMed1995

Macronutrient, copper, and zinc intakes of young German children as determined by duplicate food samples and diet records.

Daily energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, zinc, and copper intakes of 47 healthy 5- to 9-year-old children living in Duisburg, an industrial area of North Rhine-Westphalia, and consuming self-selected diets were calculated using a 4-day weighed dietary records and food composition values. In addition, the parents of the subjects also collected a 24-hour food composite on 2 of the recording days for analysis of the nutrients. This allowed us to compare the calculated value of the nutrients on days when only dietary records were made with those on which also duplicate samples were collected. Daily analyzed intakes were also compared with those calculated from the recording days. Zinc and copper were estimated by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results show that there were reductions in the intake of all nutrients on days when duplicate samples were also collected as compared with the days when only dietary records were made. Median daily calculated intakes for all children on the 4 record days were: energy 1,578 kcal, protein 46.5 g, fat 67.3, carbohydrates 174.7 g, zinc 5.3 mg, and copper 1.0 mg. The median analyzed intakes were: energy 1,367.7 kcal, protein 37.1 g, fat 49.1, carbohydrates 178.7 g, zinc 5.3 mg, and copper 0.7 mg. The use of the duplicate diet method has shown that a 4-day recording period gives an overestimation of the nutrient intake. The calculated and the analyzed zinc intakes did not meet the recommended levels of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung. The median copper intakes were in the lower range of the levels recommended by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Achievable guidelines for food consumption to reach a balanced fat and nutrient intake in childhood and adolescence.

In many highly industrialized countries a reduction in the high average intake of fat, especially saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, has been recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases for the general population, including children. However, it has not yet been shown that such a diet is generally achievable in childhood and that it meets the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for essential nutrients. Based on results of a nutrition survey using a 3-day weighing method for 350 German children and adolescents (1-14 years of age), achievable dietary modifications have been proposed to improve the observed nutrient intake (percentages of energy intake from protein:fat/saturated fatty acids:carbohydrates 13:39/18:48%). Age-related average daily quantities are given for 11 main food groups (e.g., milk, lean meat, visible fats, grain products, vegetables). The main proposals for food consuption are: avoidance of fatty meat and fatty meat products, reduction of fatty foodstuffs commonly consumed with bread and of foodstuffs with a high sucrose content and an increase in whole grain cereal products, potatoes and vegetables. The food consumption proposals are compatible with the typical meal patterns of German children and adolescents. Nutrient content of the proposed diet is presented. The proportions of protein:fat/saturated fatty acids:carbohydrates are 13:35/12:52% of total energy intake. It is shown that the US RDA for most of the calculated minerals, trace elements and vitamins can be met by the proposed balanced mixed diet without using special dietary products or products with added nutrients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Do children have an adequate fluid intake? Water balance studies carried out at home.

In 21 healthy children aged 6-11 years water balance studies were performed for 3 days at home. Water intake was assessed from dietary records based on the precise weighing method and water loss was calculated from repeated measurements of body weight and urine collection. Mean values (+/- SD) of all parameters of water balance are presented. Water intake from food and drinks without metabolic water of 43.0 +/- 11.5 g/kg/day or 0.78 +/- 0.17 g/kcal (0.19 +/- 0.04 g/kJ) resulted in a urine volume of 22.5 +/- 7.7 g/kg/day and an osmolality of 24-hour urine samples of 756 +/- 199 mosm/kg. From these data water intake seems to be low in these children. In school-aged children water intake from food and drinks of 1 ml/kcal (0.24 ml/kJ) as recommended for adults (Recommended dietary allowances, 1980) would seem adequate, theoretically resulting in a urine volume of 35 +/- 14 g/kg/day and urine osmolality of 516 +/- 182 mosm/kg based on the data in our children.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

[1981-1983 breast feeding studies of 1,500 mothers in Dortmund and Haltern. I. Collectives studied and rates of breast feeding in the maternity ward].

Rates of breast-feeding were studied in collectives of 998 mothers (Dortmund) and 500 mothers (Haltern) in two large maternity wards encouraging breast-feeding. In both hospitals the collectives were representative for the population in the surrounding region. Mothers were asked to take part in the study as they were admitted. Response rates were 99%. Age and parity of mothers in Dortmund were in agreement with population statistics, whereas in the Haltern collective there was a smaller proportion of younger mothers. The collective in Haltern had a slight edge with respect to social background. The different types of delivery had the same percentages in both wards. Birthweight was on the average 100 g higher in Haltern neonates. There were no differences in mean length. In both wards feeding on demand was practised during the rooming-in period during daytime, whereas at night infants were bottle-fed on demand in the infant's room. In Haltern supplementary formula feeding was offered more liberally. In Dortmund 92%, in Haltern 97% of the mothers tried to breast-feed; only 5% and 2% respectively were unsuccessful. Mothers who did not want to breast-feed (8% and 3% respectively) rarely mentioned relevant obstacles as a reason for their decision. On discharge 80-90% of the mothers were breast-feeding, with only about one half of them fully breast-feeding. Caesarean section was hardly detrimental to initiation of breast-feeding, but often to success.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Breast feeding studies 1981-1983 in 1,500 mothers in Dortmund and Haltern. III. Rates of breast feeding and duration of breast feeding in the first half year].

With two collectives of mothers from the large maternity wards in Dortmund (n = 998) and Haltern (n = 500) breast-feeding patterns were studied prospectively after dismissal. 95 and 93% of initially breast-feeding mothers kept simple protocols of duration and intensity of breast-feeding. 20 and 13% respectively of the breast-feeding mothers in Dortmund and Haltern stopped breast-feeding within 3 days following discharge, only 2 and 6% respectively of all mothers fully breast-fed for a period of a months as recommended. Already from the beginning of the 2nd month some mothers introduced (unnecessarily) juices as Beikost. Reasons given by the mothers for termination of breast-feeding were mostly connected with problems concerning the mother (50%) and nursing problems (35%). Statistical analysis (Cox proportional hazards model) revealed that the mothers' age (less than 25 years), low educational level, bad breast-feeding experience and use of a pump significantly reduce duration of breast-feeding. Promotion and support of breast-feeding is urgently needed especially during the first weeks after birth and with inexperienced, young and less educated mothers.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1987

[1981-1983 breast feeding studies of 1,500 mothers in Dortmund and Haltern. II. Volume of breast milk in the maternity ward].

In two large maternity wards encouraging breast-feeding, breast-milk volumes (weighing of the baby before and after each feeding) and weight development of the infants were determined until dismissal. On days 2, 3 and 4, 20-30%, 60-70%, and 80-90% of the mothers, respectively, produced milk. The largest increase in milk volume ("Einschuss") usually took place between days 3 and 4. Milk volume increased from an average of 150-180 ml on day 4 to 270-300 ml on day 6. Development of milk production was independent of type of delivery; however, the usual delay of one day following caesarean section was not made up for until discharge. Fully breast-feeding mothers produced on the average the same amounts of milk as mothers at the turn of the century. Throughout their stay in the maternity ward, mothers with good breast-feeding experience produced more milk than those with bad or without any breast-feeding experience. Nursing all infants at fairly regular intervals during the day and at night is recommended in order to achieve that as many mothers as possible are fully breast-feeding on discharge. Comparing energy intake and weight development between groups of fully, partially and non breast-fed infants suggested a better utilization of breast-milk.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1986

[Iodized salt consumption and sodium chloride metabolism].

In 42 families from Dortmund common table salt was replaced by iodized salt. In adults and adolescents over 12 years (n = 95) median intake of iodized salt at home was 1.9 g/d, in schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years (n = 36) 1.6 g/d and in small children (n = 20) 0.9 g/d. The range of the individual intake of iodized salt was large. Only 7% of the adults and the adolescents used more than 5 g/d. Only 39% of the daily consumption of iodized salt was directly added to the food consumed, whereas 61%, used e. g. to season cooking water, was only partially ingested. Overall urinary excretion of sodium chloride within the groups studied did not differ from data from other German groups. In men and boys median urinary excretion of sodium chloride was 12.2 g/d, in women and girls 9.5 g/d, in schoolchildren 5.9 g/d, and in small children 3.5 g/d. The consumption of iodized salt at home with an iodine concentration of 20 micrograms/g may increase iodine intake in adults and adolescents by about 20 micrograms/d. As an iodine deficit of about 100 micrograms/d cannot be met by regular consumption of iodized salt at home the present concept for prophylaxis of iodine deficiency should be revised.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Intake of trace elements and heavy metals with the diet of 2-14 years old children. Zinc, manganese, copper, fluoride, iodine, selen; lead, cadmium, mercury (author's transl)].

For 2-14 year old children the intake of the trace elements zinc, manganese, copper, fluoride, iodine, selen, and of the heavy metals, lead, cadmium and mercury is calculated from their food intake. The results give a representative statement of the average supply of trace elements and of the average intake of heavy metals with the diet of children in the Federal Republic of Germany. It is shown that the choice of foodstuffs for the diet has an important influence on the supply of trace elements.

Adolescent↗