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Biomedical subjects

M Khalid

Publications and source records attributed to M Khalid.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Rectal pulse granuloma.

Pulse granuloma is a rare benign entity, most likely representing a foreign body reaction to vegetable particles. We report a case of a pulse granuloma involving the rectum. The patient presented with a submucosal and intramuscular mass lesion found at routine rectal examination and subsequent colonoscopy. The mass was excised and the microscopic examination revealed acute and chronic inflammatory cells, foreign-body giant cells, vegetable matter, and convoluted hyaline rings and scattered circular structures containing basophilic granules, consistent with pulse granuloma. There are a few reports in the literature of pulse granulomas, with most occurring in the oral cavity or lungs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported example of pulse granuloma in the rectum. Although rare, familiarity with this entity's distinctive histopathologic features may avoid a delay in diagnosis and prevent the expense of distinguishing it from its histologic lookalikes.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Evaluation and fate of the organic chlorine pesticides at the waters in Jiulong River Estuary].

18 Organochlorine Pesticides at the water(surface water and porewater) in Jiulong River Estuary were determined. The range of organochlorine pesticides at surface water was 51.3-2479 ng/L, and the concentration in porewater was 266-33,355 ng/L. The results showed that the organochlorine pesticides were removed in the estuary and the sediments were the reservior of the organochlorine pesticides. Compared with the results of other harbor and estuaries, it showed that the contamination for organic chlorine pollutants in Jiulong River Estuary was similar to those of others. At the same time, the risk of organochlorine pesticides in the estuary was evaluated.

Fresh Water↗
PubMed2001

An up-regulation of renal alpha(2)A-adrenoceptors is associated with resistance to salt-induced hypertension in Sabra rats.

This study investigates the incidence of high-salt diet in blood pressures, renal alpha(2)-adrenoceptor subtypes distribution, and gene expression in salt-sensitive (SBH) and salt-resistant (SBN) Sabra rats. Comparisons have been made between SBH and SBN rats submitted to a normal or a high-salt diet for 6 weeks. Only alpha(2)B-adrenoceptors are detected in kidneys of SBH rats, whatever the diet. In contrast, mRNA corresponding to alpha(2)A- and alpha(2)B-subtypes are found in this substrain. In these rats, high-salt diet increases blood pressures and up-regulates gene expression and density of only alpha(2)B-adrenoceptors. Inversely, alpha(2)A- and alpha(2)B-adrenoceptors and corresponding mRNA are found in kidneys of SBN rats. In these rats, a high-salt diet does not affect blood pressures but increases gene expression and densities of both alpha(2)A- and alpha(2)B-adrenoceptors. If the up-regulation of renal alpha(2)B-adrenoceptor subtypes is indicative of the hypertensive phenotype, the present study shows that this mechanism is also present in normotensive salt-resistant Sabra rats. In fact, the absence of alpha(2)A-adrenoceptors in SBH could be responsible for the lack of adequate receptor-mediated renal functions predisposing to salt-sensitivity and consequently the development of hypertension. Conversely, the presence of this receptor in SBN rats and its up-regulation could be protective change against the increase of alpha(2)B-adrenoceptors induced by the salt overload and could consequently be responsible for the resistance to salt-induced hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Profile of patients of cutaneous leishmaniasis from Multan.

OBJECTIVE: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in Multan. Therefore this study was undertaken to elucidate the epidemiological features with main emphasis on the geographical distribution of the infection in Multan. SETTINGS: Multan city. Dermatology Outpatient Department, Nishtar Medical College. METHOD: Records of 173 diagnosed patients of cutaneous leishmaniasis were retrospectively reviewed according to the age, sex, number and site of lesions, results of the smear for LD bodies and residential area. RESULTS: The disease was more common in the children and young adults, with male to female ratio of 3:2. The maximum number of lesions were on the lower legs. Sixty five percent of the patients were from the interior old city. CONCLUSION: The main focus of infection is in old interior part of the city with microfoci of the disease scattered throughout the city.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The effect of recombinant GH treatment on ovarian growth and atresia in sheep.

This study investigated the effect of recombinant bovine GH (rGH) on follicle development and LH secretion patterns in ewes. In Experiment 1, 20 ewes (n=10/group) synchronized with progestagen sponges on Day 0 received either a 7 d period of rGH treatment starting on Day 4, or acted as controls. On Day 11, all ewes were unilaterally ovariectomized. Follicles in the excised ovary were characterized on the basis of size, health status and rate of granulosa cell proliferation. Circulating levels of LH, GH, IGF-1 and insulin were monitored. Compared to controls, rGH treatment significantly increased the number of healthy follicles >2.0 mm, reduced the number of 0.25 to 0.5-mm follicles and reduced the number of 0.8 to 2.0-mm early atretic follicles. GH treatment also reduced the mitotic index of 0.25 to 0.5-mm follicles. Recombinant GH treatment had no effect on LH secretion patterns, but plasma GH, IGF-1 and insulin levels were increased in rGH-treated ewes. Because rGH treatment may have had an anti-atresia effect in Experiment 1, the hypothesis for Experiment 2 was that rGH treatment could maintain follicle development beyond 2.5-mm diameter in bovine follicular fluid (bFF)-treated ewes. Forty ewes (n=10/group) were synchronized with progestagen sponges. Starting 5 d after sponge insertion, ewes were treated for 6 d with rGH, bFF, rGH plus bFF, or acted as controls. On Day 12, ewes were sacrificed, and follicles were dissected out of their ovaries and assessed on the basis of size. FSH concentrations were assessed on Days 7, 9 and 11. GH treatment alone significantly increased the number of 2.5 to 4.0-mm follicles compared to controls, whereas no follicles larger than 2.5 mm were present in bFF-treated ewes. In rGH plus bFF-treated ewes, the number of 2.5 to 4.0-mm follicles was similar to controls, but there were less follicles >4.0 mm. GH treatment had no effect on FSH levels, whereas bFF treatment significantly reduced FSH levels. These results expand previous findings that rGH treatment of ewes alters follicle development, but do not suggest that rGH treatment is likely to be of benefit in superovulatory protocols. Furthermore, the data indicate that rGH has an anti-atretic action that is unlikely to be mediated via gonadotropins.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Secretion of IGF-1 by ovine granulosa cells: effects of growth hormone and follicle stimulating hormone.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is implicated in follicle development and is considered to mediate the actions of growth hormone (GH) and gonadotrophins at the ovarian level. However, the expression and secretion of IGF-1 by the ovary are controversial, partly because of species and cell-type specificity. The present study investigated whether IGF-1 is produced by ovine granulosa cells and whether its production is regulated by GH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Follicles (>/=4.0 mm) were obtained from ewes during seasonal anoestrus. Granulosa cells were cultured for a total period of 96 h in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with BSA (0.1%, w:v), transferrin (0.5 microg/ml) and testosterone (100 ng/ml). In the first set of experiments, cells were incubated in the presence of bovine calf serum (BCS) (2.5%) for the initial 48 h of culture. The cells were then cultured for the next 48 h in medium without BCS, but containing either GH (0, 2, 20, and 200 ng/ml) or FSH (0, 20, 200, and 2000 ng/ml). The medium was assayed for oestradiol (E), progesterone (P) and IGF-1. There were six wells per treatment and the experiment was carried out four times. Control granulosa cells maintained both IGF-1 and E secretion, with only low levels of progesterone output. In all experiments, both GH and FSH produced significant (P<0.001) dose-related increases in E, IGF-1 and P secretion into the medium. The maximum responses to GH (20 or 200 ng/ml) were 402% for E and 528% for IGF-1 compared with controls. The maximum responses to FSH (200 or 2000 ng/ml) were 460% for E and 514% for IGF-1. The objective of the second set of experiments was to determine the effect of the progestogenic status of cells on IGF-1 production. Granulosa cells were cultured both in the presence and absence of BCS (2.5% in the medium) during the initial 48 h of culture. For the next 48 h, cells were cultured in serum-free medium. Addition of BCS to the medium during the initial 48 h of culture stimulated progesterone production. However, it did not affect either IGF-1 or oestradiol secretion between 49 and 96 h of culture, or the cell numbers at the end of culture. In conclusion, (1) IGF-1 is secreted by granulosa cells irrespective of their progestogenic status and (2) concomitant increases in E and IGF-1 production by granulosa cells as a result of GH and/or FSH treatment suggest a role for GH and FSH in the regulation of ovarian function.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Effect of mating system, flushing procedure, progesterone dose and donor ewe age on the yield and quality of embryos within a MOET program in sheep.

Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) has the potential to increase the rates of genetic improvement in sheep. However, better realization of this potential requires a higher yield of transferable embryos. Thus we investigated some factors that may contribute to high embryo yield and quality under field conditions, as part of an ongoing MOET program. Comparison of the effects of 2 breeding systems (natural service plus laparoscopic intrauterine AI vs natural service only) on embryo yield and quality indicated that while AI did not affect embryo recovery, it significantly (P < 0.05) improved fertilization rate and embryo quality, and increased (P < 0.05) embryo survival rate after transfer to recipients. Two flushing procedures (the original semi-laparoscopic and a modified version) were compared for effects on embryo recovery. The modifications made to the original collection method increased (P < 0.001) embryo recovery from 69.0 +/- 2.4 to 83.2 +/- 0.6%. The effects of the progestagen priming dosage during superovulatory treatment and ewe age on MOET outcome were also investigated. Donor ewes primed with 30-mg progestagen sponges came into estrus 1.9 h earlier (P < 0.05) than those primed with 45-mg sponges, but there was no difference in ovulation rate or embryo recovery, or in embryo survival after transfer between the 2 regimens. However, Chi-square analysis indicated a significant benefit in favor of the higher progesterone dose on both fertilization (P < 0.01) and embryo quality (P < 0.001). Age of donor ewe did not significantly affect the timing of estrus, fertilization rate or embryo survival after transfer. While adult ewes had higher (P < 0.05) ovulation rates and embryo yields, shearling ewes produced a much higher proportion of Grade 1 embryos (P < 0.05).

Aging↗
PubMed2000

Separation of 111Ag from neutron irradiated natural palladium using alumina as an adsorbent.

A simple method is presented for the separation of no-carrier-added 111Ag from neutron irradiated natural palladium. The method is based on sorption of 111Ag in 0.01 M HCl on alumina. Palladium is removed by washing with 0.1 M HCl and the 111Ag is eluted with 4 M HCl. The overall yields of 111Ag are better than 85% with < 1 microg/ml palladium as an impurity. The whole procedure from dissolving the target to the final 111Ag solution takes about 2 h.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1999

CT assessment of torsion following locked intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures.

The aim of our study is to determine the incidence and extent of torsional malalignment in patients with tibial diaphyseal fractures treated with closed antegrade intramedullary (IM) nailing. We measured torsion using CT scanning in 22 patients. A difference of 8 degrees or more was found in 8 cases (36%) as compared with the uninjured side. Only 2 of these cases could be clinically detected and only one patient noted the problem. We also describe a method of directly calculating torsion from CT images captured on a single film that is easy and does not require any special equipment.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1998

Growth hormone priming as an adjunct treatment in superovulatory protocols in the ewe alters follicle development but has no effect on ovulation rate.

This study investigated the effect of FSH alone and rGH priming followed by FSH treatment on follicle populations, follicular fluid concentrations of components of the IGF system and steroids, and the ovulation rate in sheep. Estrus was synchronized with progestagen sponges. Ewes (n = 10/group) in Group 1 served as untreated controls, while those in Groups 2 to 5 received a standard superovulatory treatment of 1.1 mg i.m. oFSH twice daily for 4 d. In addition, ewes in Groups 3 and 5 were administered rGH (15 mg/d, i.m.) for the 7 d prior to FSH treatment. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were sacrificed just prior to the LH surge; Groups 4 and 5 were allowed to ovulate. Daily plasma samples were collected to monitor GH, IGF-1 and insulin levels. All follicles > or = 1.0 mm from Groups 1, 2 and 3 were counted, and follicular fluid from follicles > or = 2.5 mm was assayed for estradiol, testosterone, IGF-1 and IGFBPs. Compared with the control, treatment with rGH + FSH but not FSH alone increased (P < 0.001) plasma concentrations of GH, IGF-1 and insulin. The mean number of large-(> or = 4.5 mm) and medium-sized (2.5 to 4.0 mm) follicles was increased (P < 0.01), and the mean number of small (< or = 2.0 mm) follicles was decreased (P < 0.001) by FSH treatment. The mean number of medium-sized (2.5 to 4.0 mm) follicles was further increased (P < 0.05) by rGH priming. Estradiol concentration in medium but not in large estrogenic follicles was increased (P < 0.05) by rGH priming, whereas testosterone concentration in estrogenic follicles was not altered. Components of the IGF system in medium-sized estrogenic follicles were similar in all treatment groups; however, in large estrogenic follicles rGH increased IGF-1 concentrations (P < 0.05) and intensity of the 44-42 kDa IGFBP band (P < 0.01). Priming with rGH did not alter superovulatory responses. These results show that rGH priming, when used as an adjunct to FSH treatment in ewes, alters components of the IGF system in large estrogenic follicles and increases the number and physiological maturity of medium-sized follicles in the ovary; it does not however alter ovulation rate responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Multan, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in certain areas of Pakistan. This study was carried out to determine the incidence and clinical pattern of the disease in Pakistan. METHODS: CL patients presenting in the out-patient clinic of the Department of Dermatology, Nishtar Hospital, Multan from January 1995 to June 1997 were included in the study. The patients were diagnosed clinically and confirmed by laboratory demonstration of the parasite in a Giemsa-stained smear from the lesion. All important clinical details were recorded on specially designed forms. RESULTS: Three hundred and five patients with 681 lesions were seen during 30 months. All the lesions were of the dry type. Most of the lesions (97%) were present on exposed areas of the body. One hundred and thirty-four (44%) patients had one and 75 (24%) had two lesions. Eight five per cent of the sufferers were less than 30 years of age. The disease was slightly more preponderant in males (60%). Most cases presented during winter. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of wet type lesions may be due to complete absence of Leishmania major in this area. This is in contrast to other areas of Pakistan where both dry and wet types of CL are present.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Effect of progesterone pre-treatment on steroid secretion rates and follicular fluid insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations in seasonally anoestrous ewes treated with gonadotrophin releasing hormone.

Progesterone priming is known to prevent premature luteal regression in seasonally anoestrous ewes induced to ovulate with small dose multiple injections of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH), but the precise mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of progesterone priming, before and after a period of treatment with GnRH, on the biochemical activity of ovarian follicles collected from seasonally anoestrous ewes. Ewes in Groups 1 and 2 (6 ewes/group) received progesterone priming or vehicle alone, respectively, and were slaughtered 72 h later. Ewes in Groups 3 and 4 (6 ewes/group) were similarly primed with progesterone or vehicle only, respectively, and then 72 h later received 2-hourly injections of 250 ng GnRH for 20 h, followed 2 h later by a single bolus injection of 300 micrograms GnRH. They were then slaughtered 2 h after the bolus injection. All normal growing follicles > or = 2.0 mm diameter were dissected from the ovaries of all ewes and after measurement of their diameter, were incubated in Eagle's Basal Medium for 2 h to measure their steroid secretion rates. The fluid from each follicle was then aspirated and assayed for total insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) content. The luteinizing hormone receptor content of the whole follicle was estimated using 125I-labelled human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The follicles were classified as either non-oestrogenic or oestrogenic if their oestrogen production rate was < or = 300 or > 300 pg/ml/2h, respectively. The mean diameter of oestrogenic follicles (5.72 +/- 0.25 mm) was significantly (P < 0.001) larger than that of non-oestrogenic ones (3.93 +/- 0.25 mm). The mean numbers of oestrogenic and non-oestrogenic follicles were not significantly different among the four treatment groups. Oestradiol production rate was significantly (P < 0.001) increased as a result of GnRH treatment, but only in large oestrogenic follicles. Testosterone production rate was, however, significantly (P < 0.05) increased by both GnRH and progesterone in both classes of follicle. While GnRH treatment tended to decrease IGF-1 concentrations in small non-oestrogenic follicles, it significantly (P < 0.05) increased concentrations in large oestrogenic ones. IGF-1 concentrations were, however, significantly (P < 0.05) increased in both classes of follicle collected from progesterone-primed ewes treated with GnRH. Regardless of treatment, follicular fluid IGF-1 concentrations were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in small non-oestrogenic follicles compared to large oestrogenic ones. An increase in 125I-hCG binding to large oestrogenic follicles was observed in response to progesterone (P-0.07) in GnRH treated ewes. These results indicate differences in the biochemical activity of follicles attributable to progesterone priming which may be casually related to defective luteal function after ovulation.

Anestrus↗
PubMed1994

Calcium efflux from an intracellular pool activated by GTP hydrolysis in cultured gastric smooth muscle.

In these studies, we have characterized calcium movement due to guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis from an ATP-sequestered intracellular calcium pool in cultured gastric smooth muscle. GTP (1-100 microM), when added to an ATP-regenerating medium, resulted in a concentration-dependent and irreversible efflux of calcium from an organellar calcium pool. GTP-induced calcium efflux was not affected by variation of the ATP/ADP ratio (8.5-155.0), indicating that GTP did not act by inhibiting calcium influx via calcium adenosinetriphosphatase. To assess whether the calcium increase was necessarily associated with GTP hydrolysis, experiments were performed with the nonhydrolyzable guanine nucleotide analogues guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate (GDP beta S), 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate guanosine (GppNHp), and 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S). Administration of GDP beta S and GppNHp resulted in no significant calcium efflux. GTP gamma S caused a small steady-state calcium increase (20% of that induced by the hydrolyzable nucleotide) but irreversibly inhibited all subsequent calcium increase due to GTP. The possibility that GTP may either modify the concentration of mobilizable calcium in inositol trisphosphate (IP3)-sensitive calcium stores or the responsivity of IP3-associated calcium channels was assessed by two experiments: 1) prior administration of GTP at concentrations < or = 100 microM had no effect on IP3-induced calcium release, and 2) heparin, which competitively inhibits IP3 binding to its receptor on the endoplasmic reticulum, did not affect GTP-associated calcium increase. These results demonstrate that, in gastric smooth muscle, GTP causes calcium efflux from an intracellular pool that is functionally independent from that pool sensitive to IP3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1992

[Abandonment, therapeutic relentlessness or euthanasia].

Which standards and values should guide our conduct relating to death and palliative care? Who, in the end, has the right to decide whether or not to administer a life extending therapy to terminally-ill patients? Where exactly is the border between an ordinary treatment and an extraordinary or a relentless one? Should euthanasia be legalized or not? These are some of the basic questions caregivers and health professionals who work with the dying are now asking themselves. To delve deeper into these questions and help to find the answers, the author draws a collective typology of the main ideas people have on these problems. The differences between the various trends of thinking regarding death are explained. The author concludes with a plea in favor of the principle where the dying patient becomes the centre of the end of life and agony process. Therefore, it is the caregiver's responsibility to grant the patient the right to be informed, to ask for or refuse therapeutic relentlessness, or to die with dignity and serenity.

Euthanasia↗
PubMed1991

N-methyl-D, L-aspartate induces a transient increase in LH secretion in the seasonally anestrous ewe.

The primary objective of this study was to determine the LH response to an excitatory amino acid agonist, N-methyl-D, L-aspartate (NMA) in the seasonally anestrous ewe. In experiment 1, 3 i.v. injections of NMA were given; doses of 0.5, 1.5 and 4.5 mg/kg BW were tested. LH response to NMA depended on the dose. There was little response to the lowest dose. All animals responded to the first injection of the intermediate and the highest doses (mean pulse amplitude: 9.2 +/- 0.4 and 6.8 +/- 1.2 ng ml, respectively). The responses to the second or third injections of both doses were variable and were either absent or reduced compared to that of the first. In experiments 2 and 3, ewes were given 3 injections of normal saline (NS) followed by 3 injections of NMA (1.25 and 4.5 mg/kg BW, respectively) at 2 hr intervals. The last injection of NMA was followed 2 hr later by an injection of GnRH (3.0 ng/kg BW). In experiment 2, the first NMA injection induced an immediate LH pulse (mean pulse amplitude: 8.0 +/- 1.6 ng/ml) in all ewes, however, the second and third injections induced LH pulses in only 25% and 75% (mean pulse amplitude: 2.2 and 2.4 +/- 0.6 ng/ml) of the ewes, respectively. In experiment 3, NMA increased mean LH release (P less than 0.05) after all injections, but responsiveness to the third injection was reduced in some ewes. GnRH injections induced LH release in all ewes in experiments 2 and 3 (mean pulse amplitude: 6.9 +/- 1.8 and 6.4 +/- 2.2 ng/ml, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anestrus↗